1、非Ioc方式
要獲得上述對(duì)象,關(guān)鍵Struts 2.0中com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext類。我們可以通過(guò)它的靜態(tài)方法getContext()獲取當(dāng)前Action的上下文對(duì)象。 另外,org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext作為輔助類(Helper Class),可以幫助您快捷地獲得這幾個(gè)對(duì)象。
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
2、Ioc 方式
只要Action類實(shí)現(xiàn)SessionAware, ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware這幾個(gè)接口,相應(yīng)的變量會(huì)自動(dòng)注入
調(diào)用action的方法
我們知道,當(dāng)客戶端請(qǐng)求一個(gè)action時(shí),會(huì)生成一個(gè)Action 對(duì)應(yīng)的變量,并執(zhí)行execute方法,但這是需要跟據(jù)配置來(lái)確定的
< action name ="HelloWorld" class ="tutorial.HelloWorld" >
< result > /HelloWorld.jsp </ result >
</ action >
要想改變默認(rèn)執(zhí)行的方法,需要在action節(jié)點(diǎn)加上要調(diào)用的方法名,如:< result > /HelloWorld.jsp </ result >
</ action >
<action name="AliasHelloWorld" class="tutorial.HelloWorld" method="aliasAction">
<result>/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
<result>/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
如果要實(shí)現(xiàn)類似于Structs1.x那樣的DispatchAction方式的調(diào)用,配置例子如下:
<action name="login!*" method="{1}" class="one.LoginAction">
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">
<param name="location">/main.jsp</param>
</result>
<result name="input">/login.jsp</result>
<result name="loginfail" type="dispatcher">
<param name="location">/login.jsp</param>
</result>
</action>
如上配置,如果只調(diào)用login.action,會(huì)執(zhí)行默認(rèn)方法execute()。<result name="success" type="dispatcher">
<param name="location">/main.jsp</param>
</result>
<result name="input">/login.jsp</result>
<result name="loginfail" type="dispatcher">
<param name="location">/login.jsp</param>
</result>
</action>
Structs 2文件上傳例子
package one;
import java.io.File;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAware{
private File doc;
private String docContentType;
private String docFileName;
private ServletContext context;
public String execute()throws Exception{
String target=context.getRealPath("/upload");
String file=generateFileName(docFileName);
File dfile=new File(target,file);
FileUtils.copyFile(doc,dfile);
return this.SUCCESS;
}
private String generateFileName(String fileName) {
DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyMMddHHmmss");
String formatDate = format.format(new Date());
int random = new Random().nextInt(10000);
int position = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
String extension = fileName.substring(position);
return formatDate + random + extension;
}
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.context=context;
}
public ServletContext getContext() {
return context;
}
public void setContext(ServletContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
public File getDoc() {
return doc;
}
public void setDoc(File doc) {
this.doc = doc;
}
public String getDocContentType() {
return docContentType;
}
public void setDocContentType(String docContentType) {
this.docContentType = docContentType;
}
public String getDocFileName() {
return docFileName;
}
public void setDocFileName(String docFileName) {
this.docFileName = docFileName;
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAware{
private File doc;
private String docContentType;
private String docFileName;
private ServletContext context;
public String execute()throws Exception{
String target=context.getRealPath("/upload");
String file=generateFileName(docFileName);
File dfile=new File(target,file);
FileUtils.copyFile(doc,dfile);
return this.SUCCESS;
}
private String generateFileName(String fileName) {
DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyMMddHHmmss");
String formatDate = format.format(new Date());
int random = new Random().nextInt(10000);
int position = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
String extension = fileName.substring(position);
return formatDate + random + extension;
}
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.context=context;
}
public ServletContext getContext() {
return context;
}
public void setContext(ServletContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
public File getDoc() {
return doc;
}
public void setDoc(File doc) {
this.doc = doc;
}
public String getDocContentType() {
return docContentType;
}
public void setDocContentType(String docContentType) {
this.docContentType = docContentType;
}
public String getDocFileName() {
return docFileName;
}
public void setDocFileName(String docFileName) {
this.docFileName = docFileName;
}
}
1:在action中定義的變量,在jsp頁(yè)面中顯示用:<s:property value="變量名" />
2:在頁(yè)面中實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)增加的序號(hào)用iterator的statuts的index屬性 eg:
<s:iterator value="#request.inOutAccountList" id="data" status="listStat">
<s:property value="#listStat.index+1"/>
</s:iterator>
3:在action類中取得request和session對(duì)象的方法
Map session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest ();
設(shè)置它們的值的方法
session.put("operation", "add");
request.setAttribute("name", name);
頁(yè)面中取得它們的值:
<s:property value="#session.operation"/>
<s:property value="#request.name"/>
4:頁(yè)面中奇偶行樣式不一樣的控制方法:
<tr class="<s:if test='#listStat.odd == true '>tableStyle-tr1</s:if><s:else>tableStyle-tr2</s:else>" >
5:單選框和復(fù)選框的使用方法
1):可以設(shè)置默認(rèn)選中值,注意list的值的設(shè)置,通過(guò)這種方式使key和value不一樣,這種方法比較常用(checkboxlist or radio)
<s:radio name="uncarInsPolicy.policyStateCode"
list="#{'5':'通過(guò)' , '2':'不通過(guò)'}"
listKey="key"
listValue="value"
value='5'
/>
2):這里的key和value的值是一樣的(checkboxlist or radio)
<s:checkboxlist
list="{'Red', 'Blue', 'Green'}"
name="favoriteColor"/>
6:struts2 中的標(biāo)簽會(huì)生成類似由<tr><td></td></tr>構(gòu)成的字串(具體什么標(biāo)簽生成什么,可以查看生成后的頁(yè)面的源代碼)如果不限制這些多余代碼的生成,頁(yè)面將變得無(wú)法控制,所以一般我們是不希望它生成多余的代碼的,具體的設(shè)置方法如果,在struts.xml中統(tǒng)一配置
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"/>加上該句即可
也可以通過(guò)在頁(yè)面中將tag的theme屬性設(shè)為"simple"取消其默認(rèn)的表格布局
不過(guò)最好是:自定義一個(gè)theme,并將其設(shè)為默認(rèn)應(yīng)用到整個(gè)站點(diǎn),如此一來(lái)就可以得到統(tǒng)一的站點(diǎn)風(fēng)格
7:jsp頁(yè)面中格式化日期的方法
<s:date name="unCarInsModificationInfo.createTime" format="yyyy-MM-dd" nice="false"/>這樣就可以將日期格式化為yyyy-MM-dd的形式
8:默認(rèn)情況下,當(dāng)請(qǐng)求action發(fā)生時(shí),Struts運(yùn)行時(shí)(Runtime)根據(jù)struts.xml里的Action映射集(Mapping),實(shí)例化action對(duì)應(yīng)的類,并調(diào)用其execute方法。當(dāng)然,我們可以通過(guò)以下兩種方法改變這種默認(rèn)調(diào)用
1)在classes/sturts.xml中新建Action,并指明其調(diào)用的方法
比如想調(diào)用action類中的
public String aliasAction() {
message ="自定義Action調(diào)用方法";
return SUCCESS;
}
則在classes/sturts.xml中加入下面代碼:
<action name="AliasHelloWorld" class="tutorial.HelloWorld" method="aliasAction">
<result>/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
既可用action名調(diào)用該方法了
2)(比較常用)
訪問(wèn)Action時(shí),在Action名后加上“!xxx”(xxx為方法名)。
9:Struts 2.0有兩個(gè)配置文件,struts.xml和struts.properties都是放在WEB-INF/classes/下。
struts.xml用于應(yīng)用程序相關(guān)的配置
struts.properties用于Struts 2.0的運(yùn)行時(shí)(Runtime)的配置
10:在action類中取得web下某一文件夾物理路徑(絕對(duì)路徑)的方法
filePath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upLoadFiles")
11:要想返回的頁(yè)面不是一個(gè)直接JSP頁(yè)面而是要先通過(guò)返回action中的方法讀取相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)再返回到j(luò)sp頁(yè)面,有兩種方法
1)在struts.xml中這么設(shè)置
<result name="list" type="redirect-action">sysmanage/UserBaseInfoAction!findUserBaseInfo.action</result>
2)在action中返回時(shí)直接調(diào)用這個(gè)方法即可
return findList();
12:設(shè)置checkboxlist中默認(rèn)值的方法
<s:checkboxlist name="skills1"
="Skills 1"
list="{ 'Java', '.Net', 'RoR', 'PHP' }"
value="{ 'Java', '.Net' }" />
<s:checkboxlist name="skills2"
label="Skills 2"
list="#{ 1:'Java', 2: '.Net', 3: 'RoR', 4: 'PHP' }"
listKey="key"
listValue="value"
value="{ 1, 2, 3 }"/>
13:二級(jí)級(jí)連下拉框
<s:set name="foobar"
value="#{'Java': {'Spring', 'Hibernate', 'Struts 2'}, '.Net': {'Linq', ' ASP.NET 2.0'}, 'Database': {'Oracle', 'SQL Server', 'DB2', 'MySQL'}}" />
<s:doubleselect list="#foobar.keySet()"
doubleName="technology"
doubleList="#foobar[top]"
label="Technology" />