ï»??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>亚洲一区二区三区在线看,91精品国产综合久久香蕉的特点,精品久久久久久久久久久http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/category/18303.htmlJ2EE相关应用技术日å¿?/description>zh-cnSun, 11 Nov 2007 11:36:44 GMTSun, 11 Nov 2007 11:36:44 GMT60æˆåŠŸçš„é¡¹ç›®å›¢é˜ŸWinning Project Teams (è½?http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/archive/2007/04/12/110202.htmlæœ‰çŒ«ç›æ€¼´çš„æ—¥å­?/dc:creator>æœ‰çŒ«ç›æ€¼´çš„æ—¥å­?/author>Thu, 12 Apr 2007 08:17:00 GMThttp://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/archive/2007/04/12/110202.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/comments/110202.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/archive/2007/04/12/110202.html#Feedback0http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/comments/commentRss/110202.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/services/trackbacks/110202.htmlåQˆæ¥è‡ªèÊYä»¶å·¥½E‹è®ºå?seforum.yeah.netåQ?br> (¾˜»è¯‘yanrj )


 
What makes a winning techical project team? A quick look at
some of the factors which seem to be consistently present on
winning project teams is appropriate. The degree of
attention paid to each can have a distinct impact on the
success of the project as well as elevating the confidence
of the business client.

是什么造就了一个æˆåŠŸçš„ä¸“ä¸š™å¹ç›®å›¢é˜ŸåQŸæµè§ˆä¸€ä¸‹æˆåŠŸçš„™å¹ç›®å›¢é˜Ÿæ‰€å›ºæœ‰çš„特ç‚ÒŽ˜¯
很好的。对æ¯ä¸ªå› ç´ çš„é‡è§†ç¨‹åº¦å¯¹äºŽé¡¹ç›®çš„æˆåŠŸå’Œè¯„ä»·ä¸šåŠ¡å®¢æˆïLš„ä¿¡ä“Q度将有很大的
å½±å“ã€?br> 
System Building Competence
   ¾pÈ»Ÿå»ºé€ èƒ½åŠ?br> 
This is absolutely critical. The ability to succeed is
established within the minds of the clients as well as the
project team members in the early stages of the effort. An
essential component of this perception is both the
management ability, the technical skills, and the sense of
direction possessed by the project leadership. Both the
business clients and the team can detect fairly quickly if
the project leaders have "what it takes" to take them to a
final product. Without question this feeling has a
tremendous impact on morale.

   ˜q™æ˜¯¾l对关键的。æˆåŠŸçš„èƒ½åŠ›æ˜¯åœ¨åŠªåŠ›çš„æ—©æœŸé˜¶ŒDµåœ¨å®¢æˆ·çš„æ€æƒ³å’Œé¡¹ç›®å›¢é˜Ÿæˆå‘˜ä¸­
建立èµäh¥çš„。这个观点的本质在于½Ž¡ç†èƒ½åŠ›å’Œä¸“ä¸šæŠ€æœ¯å’Œç”±é¡¹ç›®ä¸»½Ž¡æ‹¥æœ‰çš„æ–¹å‘æ„?br>上。业务客户和团队能够快速清楚的察觉™å¹ç›®ä¸È®¡æ˜¯å¦æœ‰å¸¦é¢†ä»–们呿œ€¾lˆç›®æ ‡å‰˜q›çš„
æ€æƒ³ã€‚毫无疑问这个感觉对士气是至关é‡è¦çš„ã€?br> 
Humphrey Watts in his book Managing the Software Process,
describes a model for measuring the maturity of a software
development organization. These ideas were further refined
by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie
Mellon University. A brief summary of the maturity levels of
the model (in terminology which will relate to some of the
central themes of this white paper) are presented below:

   Humphrey Watts在他的书《管ç†èÊY件过½E‹ã€‹ä¸­æè¿°äº†ä¸€ä¸ªè¡¡é‡èÊYä»¶å¼€å‘组¾l‡æˆç†?br>度的模型。这些观点由Carnegie Mellon大学的èÊYä»¶å·¥½E‹ç»„¾l‡ä½œäº†è¿›ä¸€æ­¥ç²¾ç‚¹{€‚有å…?br>模型åQˆæœ‰äº›æœ¯è¯­ä¸Žæœ¬æ–‡çš„一些è¦ç‚ÒŽœ‰å…»I¼‰æˆç†Ÿå±‚çš„½Ž€çŸ­æ¦‚括如下:
 
Initial Level
   åˆå§‹å±?br> 
A team or organization at this level tends to take a
chaotic, ad-hoc, "invent as we go" approach toward every new
systems building effort.
   处于˜q™å±‚的团队和¾l„织试图以一¿UæØœä¹Þqš„åQŒç‰¹åˆ«çš„åQ?如我们所想的"æ–ÒŽ³•对待æ¯ä¸€
个新的系¾lŸå¾é€ å·¥½E‹ã€?br> 
Repeatable Level
   å¯é‡å¤å±‚
 
A team or organization at this level uses planning
techniques, gathers requirements in a systematic fashion,
utilizes software quality assurance techniques, and follows
a patterned approach on each subsequent effort.
   处于˜q™å±‚的团队和¾l„织通常使用¾~–制计划技术,攉™›†ä½“系模å¼çš„需求,使用软äšgè´?br>é‡ä¿è¯æŠ€æœ¯ï¼Œòq¶åœ¨åŽæ¥çš„å¼€å‘中使用模å¼åŒ–çš„æ–ÒŽ³•ã€?br> 
Defined Level
   被定义层
 
A team or organization at this level follows defined
methodological steps, uses process improvement techniques to
enhance the methodological approach, conducts regular
training programs, views the entire systems development
process from an integration perspective, and utilizes more
disciplined information engineering and structured
development techniques.
   处于˜q™å±‚的团队和¾l„织使用定义好的æ–ÒŽ³•步骤åQŒä‹É用改˜q›è¿‡½E‹çš„æŠ€æœ¯æ¥æé«˜æ–ÒŽ³•åQ?br>½Ž¡ç†æœ‰åºçš„练习程åºï¼Œä»Žç»¼åˆçš„观点看待整个¾pÈ»Ÿå¼€å‘过½E‹ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨æ›´åŠ ä¸¥æ ¼çš„ä¿¡æ¯å·¥
½E‹å’Œ¾l“æž„åŒ–å¼€å‘æŠ€æœ¯ã€?br> 
Managed Level
   被管ç†å±‚
 
A team or organization at this level actually captures and
utilizes software development metrics for future estimation
and process analysis purposes. In addition, some of concepts
of Total Quality Management (TQM) are employed to reinforce
the effectiveness of the entire development process.
   处于˜q™å±‚的团队和¾l„织通常为将æ¥çš„评估和过½E‹åˆ†æžæ•èŽ·åÆˆä½¿ç”¨è½¯äšgå¼€å‘度é‡ã€‚å¦
å¤–ï¼Œæ•´ä½“è´¨é‡½Ž¡ç†çš„一些概念也被ä‹É用æ¥å¢žåŠ æ•´ä¸ªå¼€å‘过½E‹çš„æ•ˆåŠ›ã€?br> 
Optimized Level
   优化å±?br> 
A team or organization at this level utilizes continuous
organizational change management techniques to optimize its
own operations (as well as the company's), emphasizes defect
prevention rather than defect detection, and constantly
seeks technological innovation opportunities.
   处于˜q™å±‚的团队和¾l„织使用æŒç®‹çš„æœ‰¾l„织的å˜åŒ–ç®¡ç†æŠ€æœ¯æ¥ä¼˜åŒ–他们的æ“ä½œï¼Œå¼ø™°ƒ
é¿å…é”™è¯¯è€Œä¸æ˜¯å‘现错误,òq¶ç»å¸¸å¯»æ±‚æŠ€æœ¯é©æ–°çš„æœÞZ¼šã€?br> 
Project Team Experience
   ™å¹ç›®å›¢é˜Ÿçš„ç»éª?br> 
Even within organizations with high success rates, one
factor which never changes on each new effort is the amount
of experience possessed by the chosen project team members.
Will the project team include a business expert? If not,
will the assigned members be able to effectively comprehend
and discuss the business requirements and issues in the
client terminology? Having someone on the team (even if only
in the initial phases) who understands the business is a
great confidence builder! It allows the analysts and
designers to ask the dumb or simplistic questions to someone
other than the client. This actually makes more effective
use of everyone's time and it adds an subsequent level of
security. In addition, it puts someone in the position of
making sure that "creative thinking" stays within reasonable
boundaries.

   å³ä‹É是拥有高æˆåŠŸçŽ‡çš„¾l„织中,æ¯ä¸ªæ–°åŠªåŠ›ä¸­ä»Žä¸æ”¹å˜çš„因素是被选择的团队æˆå‘?br>拥有的ç»åŽ†çš„½E‹åº¦ã€‚项目团队应该包括一个业务专å®Óž¼Ÿå¦‚æžœä¸æ˜¯åQŒæŒ‡å®šçš„æˆå‘˜èƒ½å¤Ÿæœ?br>效的ç†è§£å’Œè®¨è®ÞZ¸šåŠ¡éœ€æ±‚å’Œå®¢æˆ·æœ¯è¯­ä¸­çš„¾l„织åQŸåœ¨å›¢é˜Ÿé‡Œæœ‰æ²¡æœ‰ç†è§£˜q™é¡¹ä¸šåŠ¡çš„ähå£?br>个很自信的开å‘者?å…许分æžå‘˜å’Œè®¾è®¡å‘˜å‘ä»ÖM½•äºø™¯¢é—®ç®€å•的问题åQŒè€Œä¸æ˜¯å‘客户ã€?br>˜q™èƒ½å……分利用æ¯ä¸ªäººçš„æ—‰™—´åQŒåÆˆå¢žåŠ åŽæœŸå·¥ä½œçš„安全性。å¦å¤–,它是æ¯ä¸ªäººåœ¨åˆç†çš?br>èŒƒå›´é‡Œè¿›è¡Œåˆ›é€ æ€§çš„æ€æƒ³ã€?br> 
What about technical expertise? Is the project entering
uncharted waters without a guide? Having someone on the team
who is familiar with the specialized knowledge surrounding a
selected technological environment provides the same
confidence creating benefits as those listed above. A
technical expert can assist others, make suggestions,
develop standards, and prevent time consuming mistakes. In
addition, he or she can provide leadership by example. By
spearheading the work and creating examples for others, a
technical expert can transfer knowledge and experience in a
timely and effective manner. The prevents the "invent as we
go" situation teams often find themselves in when embarking
on a new technology.
 
   专门的技术怎样åQŸæ˜¯ä¸æ˜¯™å¹ç›®˜q›å…¥äº†æ²¡æœ‰å‘导的水域åQŸæœ‰æ²¡æœ‰å›¢é˜Ÿä¸­çš„æˆå‘˜ç†Ÿæ‚‰æŒ?br>定技术领域的特定知识æä¾›ä¸Šé¢æåˆ°çš„åŒæ ïLš„信心åQŸä¸€ä¸ªæŠ€æœ¯ä¸“家能够帮助别人,å?br>出å¾è®®ï¼Œå¼€å‘标准,é˜ÀL­¢è€—时的错误。å¦å¤–,å¥ÒŽˆ–ä»–èƒ½é€šè¿‡ä¾‹å­æä¾›é¢†å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›ã€‚é€šè¿‡
传播工作òq¶äؓ他äh创造例å­ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªæŠ€æœ¯ä¸“å®¶èƒ½å¤Ÿä»¥åŠæ—¶æœ‰æ•ˆçš„æ–¹å¼ä¼ æ’­çŸ¥è¯†å’Œ¾l验ã€?br>˜q™èƒ½é˜ÀL­¢å½“ä¸€ä¸ªå›¢é˜Ÿåœ¨ç€æ‰‹äºŽä¸€™åÒŽ–°æŠ€æœ¯æ—¶é€šå¸¸å‘现他们处于按自己所惌™¿›è¡Œçš„å¤?br>境ã€?/p>

Project Control and Coordination
   ™å¹ç›®çš„æŽ§åˆ¶å’Œåˆä½œ
 
Large, complex undertakings which require the participation
of many people throughout the development process, demand
both high-level and detailed guidelines to assist in the
channeling of the individual results into an integrated
final product. As each person focuses on his or her's part
of the system, a clearly defined set of standards and
specifications must exist insure that the final result will
"mesh" with the results being produced by others. In many
ways, a systems building project can be thought of a series
of specifications, each level spiraling from broad
requirements into highly detailed procedural instructions.
The collection of these efforts into a unified whole
presents the ultimate challenge for the group. What are some
of the ways to successfully make this happen?

   å¤§åž‹çš„å¤æ‚的事业需è¦åœ¨å¼€å‘过½E‹ä¸­å¾ˆå¤šäººçš„å‚与åQŒéœ€è¦é«˜æ°´åã^详细的设计细节æ¥
è¾…åŠ©ç‹¬ç«‹çš„æˆæžœèžå…¥æœ€åŽå®Œæ•´çš„产å“中。当æ¯ä¸ªäºÞZ¸“心与它所负责的系¾lŸçš„一部分
æ—Óž¼Œä¸€ä¸ªæ¸…楚的已ç»å®šä¹‰æ ‡å‡†å’Œè§„范的集åˆå¿…须存在以ä¿è¯æœ€åŽçš„¾l“果能够和其他äh
的结果相åÕdˆã€‚在很多方å¼ä¸‹ï¼Œ¾pÈ»Ÿçš„å¾é€ é¡¹ç›®å¯ä»¥çœ‹æˆæ˜¯ä¸€¾pÕdˆ—规范åQŒæ¯å±‚从òq¿æ³›
的需求螺旋å‘展æˆä¸ºé«˜åº¦è¯¦¾l†çš„˜q‡ç¨‹æŒ‡ä×o。这些努力的集刞®±æž„æˆäº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ•´ä½“,¾l™æ•´
个团体展现最åŽçš„æŒ‘战。那些方法能使这件事情æˆåŠŸçš„å‘生åQ?br> 
Ultimately, three major factors contribute to the level of
success that systems building team will enjoy at each of the
required integration points. One of these factors is the
creation of "consistency" standards. During each phase,
guidelines should be developed for both the content as well
as the format of the final work products. A second important
factor is cross-team communication. Common requirements,
similar issues, shared data, and reusable functionality all
should be openly discussed and coordinated. Sub-teams should
participate in the development of overall high level shared
goals and objectives which encourage cross-team interaction
and decision making. A third factor is the insistence on the
part of the top team leadership that individual and sub-team
successes be innertwined. Consistent deliverable, quality
assurance, methodological, and review standards must apply
to all team members equally.

   最åŽï¼Œä¸‰ä¸ªå…³é”®çš„因素将对系¾lŸå¾é€ å›¢é˜Ÿå°†ä¼šäínå—æ¯ä¸ªéœ€æ±‚çš„¾l¼åˆç‚ÒŽˆåŠŸçñ”别è“vä½?br>用。这些因素之一是一致性标准的建立。在æ¯ä¸ªé˜¶æ®µåQŒè¯¦¾l†çš„¾l†èŠ‚å¿…é¡»ä¸ºå†…å®¹å’Œæœ€å?br>çš„è¿è¡Œäñ”å“çš„å½¢å¼æ‰€åˆ¶å®šã€‚第二个é‡è¦çš„因素是跨团队的交æµã€‚é€šå¸¸çš„éœ€æ±‚ï¼Œç›æ€¼¼çš?br>¾l„织åQŒå…±äº«çš„æ•°æ®å’Œå¯å¤ç”¨çš„功能都应该被公开的讨论和å作。å­å›¢é˜Ÿåº”该å‚加整个
高层的开å‘,å…׃ín鼓舞跨团队交互作用和决策制定的目标。第三个是代表高层领导的
åšæŒæ€§ï¼Œä¸ªähå’Œå­å›¢é˜Ÿçš„æˆåŠŸç›¸äº¤äº’ã€‚äº¤ä»˜çš„ä¸€è‡´æ€§ï¼Œè´¨é‡çš„ä¿è¯ï¼Œæ–ÒŽ³•å’Œå¤å®¡æ ‡å‡?br>必须对团队的所有æˆå‘˜ä¸€è§†åŒä»ã€?br> 
Team Goals and Individual Objectives
   团队目标和个人目æ ?br> 
A project team seems to develop a unique "personality" over
time. It becomes a reflection of everyone involved,
radiating confidence and certainty if spirits are high,
seething with doubts and confusion when direction is
lacking. How can project dynamics be so different from one
team to the next? Leadership certainly plays a vital role,
but individual team member attitudes make the difference.

   一个项目团队看èµäh¥æ—¶åœ¨å¼€å‘一个独一无二的个性èÊY件。æˆä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªå‚ä¸Žè€…çš„åæ˜ åQ?br>如果士气高的è¯åˆ™å……æ»¡è‡ªä¿¡å’Œç¡®å®šæ€§ï¼Œå½“ç¼ºä¹æ–¹å‘æ—¶åˆ™ç”±äºŽç–‘è™‘å’Œæ··äØ•è€Œæ²¸è…¾ã€‚æ€Žæ ·
æ‰èƒ½ä½‰K¡¹ç›®å› å›¢é˜Ÿçš„ä¸åŒè€Œä¸åŒï¼Ÿé¢†å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å½“ç„¶èµ·äº†ä¸€ä¸ªå¾ˆå…³é”®çš„ä½œç”¨ï¼Œä½†å›¢é˜Ÿæˆå‘?br>çš„æ€åº¦ä¹Ÿä¼šé€ æˆä¸åŒå½±å“ã€?br> 
Two fundamental questions illuminate the spirit of the group
effort. First, is everyone on the team driving toward a well
defined and articulative objective? Second, whose objective
is it? An amazing thing can happen on development projects;
everyone is busily working away on whatever it is that they
individually perceive as his or her's most important tasks.
Hopefully, each person's work will mesh with the rest of the
group's results. This will probably happen if everyone
clearly and precisely understands the ultimate phase
objectives. But what if they don't?

   两个基本的问题说明了¾l„织努力的精¼œžã€‚é¦–å…ˆï¼Œæ˜¯ä¸æ˜¯å›¢é˜Ÿçš„æ¯ä¸ªäººéƒ½æœç€å·²ç»åˆ?br>定的清楚的目标剘q›ï¼Ÿ½W¬äºŒåQŒè¿™æ˜¯è°çš„目标?在开å‘项目中å¯èƒ½å‘生˜q™æ ·ä»¤äh惊讶çš?br>事情åQŒæ¯ä¸ªähéƒ½å¿™äºŽå¥¹æˆ–ä»–è®¤äØ“æœ€é‡è¦çš„ä“Q务。希望是æ¯ä¸ªäººçš„工作都能与其他ähçš?br>工作相å»åˆã€‚如果æ¯ä¸ªäh都很清楚òq¶ç²¾¼‹®çš„æŒ‡å¯¼æœ€¾lˆçš„目标则å¯èƒ½ï¼Œä½†å¦‚æžœä¸æ˜¯å‘¢åQ?br> 
This is where human nature begins to step in and things can
begin to get interesting. If the attitudes of the team
members tend to be goal driven (which is good) but the team
leadership is fuzzy about what the objectives really are
(which is bad), individual and sometimes scattered goals
begin to pop up. Unique and potentially conflicting agendas
take shape. Before you know it everyone is busily working
away and the atmosphere appears to be productive. But an
time of reconciliation lies ahead. At some point the
individual results must be combined, and depending on the
fit, the attitude of the team will ultimately be affected.
The group's mission or purpose at this point becomes very
real, because it is at this moment that the team realizes
that there may not have really been a common direction in
the first place, and that fact is painfully obvious.

   当äh¾cÕd¼€å§‹æ¶‰­‘³çš„地方òq¶ä¸”能过的兴­‘£ã€‚如果团队æˆå‘˜æ˜¯ç›®æ ‡é©±åЍåQŒè€Œé¢†å¯ÆD€…对最
¾lˆçš„目标而疑惑,独立的或分散的目标çªç„¶å‡ºçŽ°ã€‚ç‹¬è‡ªçš„æ½œåœ¨çš„è®®½E‹å‡ºçŽ°ã€‚åœ¨ä½ çŸ¥é?br>之剿¯ä¸ªäººéƒ½å¿™äºŽå·¥ä½œåQŒè€Œä¸”是生产性的气氛。但è¦è°ƒå’Œçš„æ—‰™—´æ‘†åœ¨å‰é¢ã€‚在æŸä¸ªç‚?br>上独立的¾l“果必须åˆåƈåQŒä»¥æ¥ä¸Žåˆé€‚性,团队的æ€åº¦æœ€¾lˆä¼šè¢«åª„å“。这时组¾l‡çš„ä»ÕdŠ¡
或目的å˜å¾—很真实åQŒå› ä¸ø™¿™æ—¶å›¢é˜Ÿæ‰æ„识到在开始时ž®±æ²¡æœ‰ç»Ÿä¸€çš„æ–¹å‘,事实昄¡„¶æ˜?br>很痛苦的ã€?br> 
Why even take this risk? Insuring that goals and objectives
are clearly spelled out, and the activities and tasks which
will be followed to ultimately reach them are uniformly
understood, will only give the team a shared sense of
purpose. Everyone needs to have a stake in, and a share of,
the responsibility for the outcome of each phase. Doing this
can have an incredible impact on people's attitudes. Clearly
comprehending the relevance of the work and how it will
contribute to the final product, is a powerful motivator for
creating an air of cooperation and open channels of
communication between team members. Individual goals can be
visualized as a part of the larger team objectives. The goal
driven attitude of the team will truly be reflected in the
quality of the results.

   ä¸ÞZ»€ä¹ˆå†’˜q™ä¸ªé™©ï¼Ÿ¼‹®ä¿ç›®æ ‡å¾ˆæ¸…楚的¼‹®å®šåQŒä»–们所从事的ä“Q务和‹zÕdŠ¨è¢«ä¸€å¾‹çš„ç?br>解,ž®†ä¼š¾l™æ•´ä¸ªå›¢é˜Ÿä¸€¿U目的共享的感觉。æ¯ä¸ªäh都需è¦ç”±å¯ÒŽ¯ä¸ªé˜¶ŒD‰|ˆæžœçš„è´£ä“Q
感,å…׃ín感。这样åšè‚¯å®šä¼šåª„哿¯ä¸ªähçš„æ€åº¦ã€‚清楚的ç†è§£å·¥ä½œçš„å…³é”®å’Œæ€Žæ ·å½±å“æœ€
¾lˆäñ”å“,是äñ”生åˆä½œçŽ¯å¢ƒåŠåˆ›é€ æˆå‘˜ç•Œäº¤æµé€šé“的强有力的因素。独立的目标å¯ä»¥è¢?br>惌™±¡æˆäؓ大型团队目标的一部分。团队的目标åŽÕdЍæ€éƒ½ä¼šåœ¨äº§å“的质é‡ä¸­æœ‰æ‰€å映ã€?br> 
Systems Building Vision
   ¾pÈ»Ÿå»ºé€ çš„è“图
 
A "vision" doesn't do anyone any good if it is only in one
person's head. Only when it has been absorbed and adopted by
the team does its usefulness begin to emerge. A business or
system "visionary" plays an important yet sometimes
unenviable role in making this happen. His or her
willingness to share insight and understanding of a
situation, and the necessary steps he or she envisions to
arrive at a desired outcome, tend to be dependant on two
factors: the level of confidence he or she has in the ideas,
and his or her tolerance for scrutiny and criticism.
Regardless of these personal risks, a professional system
builder must strive to be a system "visionary". With each
passing phase of the project, he or she must constantly
develop and communicate his or her vision of both the system
functionality and the project approach.

   如果è“图åªå­˜åœ¨äºŽä¸€ä¸ªäh的脑中则ä¸ä¼š¾l™ä“Q何äh带æ¥å¥½å¤„ã€‚åªæœ‰è¢«å›¢é˜Ÿå¸å–和采¾U?br>æ‰èƒ½ä½¿å®ƒçš„ä½œç”¨å‘æŒ¥å‡ºæ¥ã€‚一个业务或¾pÈ»Ÿçš?#8220;è“图”作用é‡è¦ä½†æœ‰æ—¶ä»ä¸èƒ½å®žçްã€?br>å¥ÒŽˆ–他的希望是共享对情况的ç†è§£å’Œè§è¯†åQŒåƈ采å–了步骤以辑ֈ°ç†æƒ³çš„结果,ä¾èµ–äº?br>两个因素åQšå¥¹æˆ–他的自信程度,å¿è€å®¡æŸ¥å’Œæ‰¹è¯„çš„èƒ½åŠ›ã€‚ä¸½Ž¡è¿™äº›ä¸ªäººçš„å†’é™©åQŒä¸€ä¸?br>专业的系¾lŸå¾é€ è€…å¿…™åÖMØ“æˆäؓ一个系¾lŸè®¾è®¡è€…而奋斗。éšç€æ¯ä¸ªé˜¶æ®µçš„完æˆï¼Œå¥ÒŽˆ–ä»?br>å¿…é¡»æŒç®‹å¼€å‘和交æµå¥ÒŽˆ–他对¾pÈ»ŸåŠŸèƒ½å’Œé¡¹ç›®æ–¹æ³•çš„æž„æƒ³ã€?br> 
Putting forward this vision assists in accomplishing two
important results. First, it creates a baseline foundation
for continuing discussion. In many cases, the original
system/approach vision may not survive for long as better
ideas are presented and improvement discussions occur.
Second, the vision promotes constructive, critical thinking.
 
   æå‡ºæž„想能有处于实现两个é‡è¦çš„结果。首先,它创造了¾l§ç®‹è®¨è®ºçš„基¼‹€ã€‚在很多
情况下,最åˆçš„¾pÈ»Ÿ/æ–ÒŽ³•构想ä¸èƒ½æ¯”å¥½çš„æ€æƒ³æå‡ºå’Œæ”¹˜q›çš„讨论¾l´æŒçš„æ—¶é—´é•¿ã€‚第
二,构想æä¾›å»ø™®¾æ€§çš„严格的æ€è€ƒã€?/p>

People tend to provide more input in a "review and improve"
mode rather than a "create from scratch" mode. The
presentation of a baseline vision stimulates this process.
In addition, if the "visionary" can relinquish ownership of
the original idea, and subsequently encourage it to become
the property of the group, the effectiveness of the process
can be even more enhanced. The system builder serves to
plant the "starting point" ideas, and the team members and
business clients assist with, and take responsibility for,
the ultimate direction and composition of the shared vision.
 
   äºÞZ»¬æ›´å€‘֑于æä¾›æ›´å¤šçš„输入¾l?#8220;å¤å®¡å’Œæé«?#8221;è€Œä¸æ˜?#8220;从零开å§?#8221;的模å¼ã€‚最åˆ?br>的构想的æå‡ºä¿ƒè¿›˜q™ä¸ª˜q‡ç¨‹ã€‚å¦å¤–,如果“构想”能够攑ּƒæœ€åˆçš„æ€æƒ³çš„æ‰€æœ‰æƒåQŒè€?br>æˆäØ“¾l„织的胦产,˜q™ä¸ª˜q‡ç¨‹çš„æ•ˆæžœå°†ä¼šæ›´åŠ æé«˜ã€‚ç³»¾lŸå¾é€ è€…è´Ÿè´£äñ”生开始点的æ€?br>惻I¼Œå›¢é˜Ÿæˆå‘˜å’Œä¸šåŠ¡å®¢æˆ¯‚¾…åŠ©åÆˆè´Ÿè´£å…׃ín的构想的方å‘å’Œåˆæˆã€?/p>

Project Team Confidence
   ™å¹ç›®å›¢é˜Ÿä¿¡å¿ƒ
 
Another important team attitude is confidence. The
development of a complex system presents tremendous
challenges to a project team. Sometimes it can even feel
like an act of faith. An enormous amount of detail is
collected, analyzed, organized, and assimilated into a
functional "whole". On very large efforts, only a few key
individuals may possess the total "big picture", and this
may be at varying levels of completeness. This ambiguity can
from time to time test the confidence of the project team
members. Given these uncertainties, how does a team feel
assured and confident of success throughout the process, and
have this reflected in the individual team member attitudes?
 
   å¦ä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„团队是信心。开å‘夿‚çš„¾pÈ»Ÿž®†ä¼š¾l™å›¢é˜Ÿå¸¦æ¥å¾ˆå¤šæŒ‘战。有时感觉是
一¿Uä¿¡ä»°çš„‹zÕdŠ¨ã€‚å¤§é‡çš„¾l†èŠ‚è¢«æ”¶é›†ã€åˆ†æžã€ç»„¾l‡åƈå¸å–为整体的功能。在éžå¸¸å¤§çš„
ä»˜å‡ºä¸­ï¼Œä»…æœ‰ä¸€äº›å…³é”®ä¸ªäººæ”¯é…æ•´ä¸?#8220;囄¡º¸”åQŒåƈéšå®Œæˆçš„ä¸åŒå±‚次ä¸åŒã€‚è¿™¿U丼‹?br>å®šæ€§æ—¶ä¸æ—¶çš„æ£€éªŒå›¢é˜Ÿæˆå‘˜çš„ä¿¡å¿ƒã€‚ç»™å‡ø™¿™äº›ä¸¼‹®å®šçš„事情,一个团队怎样æ‰èƒ½åœ¨é€?br>呿ˆåŠŸçš„˜q‡ç¨‹ä¸­æ„Ÿåˆ°æœ‰ä¿è¯å’Œä¿¡å¿ƒï¼Œòq¶å映到团队个ähçš„æ€åº¦å‘¢ï¼Ÿ

Clearly, the realization on the part of the team, that a
system design is formed as a gradually evolving solution,
from a process which tends to be iterative in nature, helps
everyone to be patient with the slowly disappearing level of
ambiguity. The more team members who participate on the
project who have been through the complete system building
life cycle, the more likely the overall team awareness will
be that everything will come together at each major
milestone. This is an important confidence builder for the
less experienced members of the team. The higher the level
of confidence possessed by the team, the more secure the
business clients feel, and the more likely the team will
actually "see" themselves succeeding, even in the face of
the unknown.

   很明显,在团队方é¢çš„实现åQŒç³»¾lŸçš„è®¾è®¡åœ¨é€æ¸æ¼”化的过½E‹ä¸­å½¢æˆåQŒä»Žæœ¬è´¨ä¸Šäº¤äº?br>的过½E‹ï¼Œå¸®åŠ©æ¯ä¸ªäººåœ¨ä¸ç¡®å®šæ€§é€æ¸æ¶ˆé™¤çš„过½E‹ä¸­ä¿æŒå¿è€ã€‚å‚åŠ é¡¹ç›®åÆˆ¾l历整个¾p?br>¾lŸå¾é€ ç”Ÿå‘½å‘¨æœŸçš„æˆå‘˜­‘Šå¤šåQŒæ•´ä¸ªå›¢é˜Ÿæ„识在æ¯ä¸ªä¸»è¦é‡Œç¨‹¼„‘所有事都具备的å¯èƒ½æ€?br>ž®Þp¶Šå¤§ã€‚这对于一个缺ä¹ç»éªŒçš„团队æˆå‘˜æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„信心¾~”造者。团队拥有的信心
æ°´åã^­‘Šé«˜åQŒï¼Œä¸šåŠ¡å®¢æˆ·çš„å®‰å…¨æ„Ÿ­‘Šå¤§åQŒå›¢é˜Ÿå°±æ›´åŠ å¯èƒ½çœ‹åˆ°ä»–们的胜利,å³ä‹É是é¢å¯?br>未知的事情ã€?/p>

 



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--- 1ã€?分æžäººå‘˜è¦ä‹É用符åˆå®¢æˆ¯‚¯­­a€ä¹ æƒ¯çš„表è¾?

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--- 3ã€?分æžäººå‘˜å¿…é¡»¾~–写软äšg需求报å‘?

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--- 4ã€?è¦æ±‚得到需求工作结果的解释说明

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--- 5ã€?å¼€å‘äh员覞®Šé‡å®¢æˆ·çš„æ„è§?

--- 如果用户与开å‘äh员之间ä¸èƒ½ç›¸äº’ç†è§£ï¼Œé‚£å…³äºŽéœ€æ±‚的讨论ž®†ä¼šæœ‰éšœ¼„ã€‚å…±åŒåˆä½œèƒ½ä½¿å¤§å®?#8220;å…¼å¬åˆ™æ˜Ž”。å‚与需求开å‘过½E‹çš„客户有æƒè¦æ±‚å¼€å‘äh员尊é‡ä»–ä»¬åÆˆçæƒœä»–们为项目æˆåŠŸæ‰€ä»˜å‡ºçš„æ—¶é—ß_¼ŒåŒæ ·åQŒå®¢æˆ·ä¹Ÿåº”对开å‘ähå‘˜äØ“™å¹ç›®æˆåŠŸ˜q™ä¸€å…±åŒç›®æ ‡æ‰€åšå‡ºçš„努力表½Cºå°Šé‡ã€?

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--- 通常客户所说的“需æ±?#8221;å·²ç»æ˜¯ä¸€¿U实际å¯è¡Œçš„实施æ–ÒŽ¡ˆåQŒåˆ†æžäh员应ž®½åŠ›ä»Žè¿™äº›è§£å†Ïx–¹æ³•ä¸­äº†è§£çœŸæ­£çš„ä¸šåŠ¡éœ€æ±‚ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶˜q˜åº”扑ևºå·²æœ‰¾pÈ»Ÿä¸Žå½“å‰ä¸šåС䏽W¦ä¹‹å¤„,以确ä¿äñ”å“ä¸ä¼šæ— æ•ˆæˆ–低效åQ›åœ¨å½Õdº•弄清业务领域内的事情åŽï¼Œåˆ†æžäººå‘˜ž®Þpƒ½æå‡ºç›¸å½“好的改进æ–ÒŽ³•åQŒæœ‰¾l验且有创造力的分æžäh员还能æå‡ºå¢žåŠ ä¸€äº›ç”¨æˆäh²¡æœ‰å‘现的很有价值的¾pÈ»Ÿç‰ÒŽ€§ã€?

--- 7ã€?æè¿°äº§å“使用ç‰ÒŽ€?

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--- 8ã€?å…许é‡ç”¨å·²æœ‰çš„èÊY件组ä»?

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--- 9ã€?è¦æ±‚å¯¹å˜æ›´çš„代ä­hæä¾›çœŸå®žå¯é çš„评ä¼?

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--- 10ã€?获得满èƒö客户功能和质é‡è¦æ±‚çš„¾pÈ»Ÿ

--- æ¯ä¸ªäººéƒ½å¸Œæœ›™å¹ç›®æˆåŠŸåQŒä½†˜q™ä¸ä»…è¦æ±‚客戯‚¦æ¸…晰地告知开å‘äh员关于系¾l?#8220;åšä»€ä¹?#8221;所需的所有信æ¯ï¼Œè€Œä¸”˜q˜è¦æ±‚å¼€å‘äh员能通过交æµäº†è§£æ¸…楚å–èˆä¸Žé™åˆÓž¼Œä¸€å®šè¦æ˜Žç¡®è¯´æ˜Žæ‚¨çš„å‡è®¾å’Œæ½œåœ¨çš„æœŸæœ›åQŒå¦åˆ™ï¼Œå¼€å‘äh员开å‘出的äñ”å“很å¯èƒ½æ— æ³•让您满æ„ã€?

--- 11ã€?¾l™åˆ†æžäh员讲解您的业åŠ?

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--- 12ã€?抽出旉™—´æ¸…æ¥šåœ°è¯´æ˜ŽåÆˆå®Œå–„éœ€æ±?

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--- 13ã€?准确而详¾l†åœ°è¯´æ˜Žéœ€æ±?

--- ¾~–写一份清晰ã€å‡†¼‹®çš„需求文档是很困隄¡š„。由于处ç†ç»†èŠ‚é—®é¢˜ä¸ä½†çƒ¦äºø™€Œä¸”耗时åQŒå› æ­¤å¾ˆå®ÒŽ˜“ç•™ä¸‹æ¨¡ç³Šä¸æ¸…的需求。但是在开å‘过½E‹ä¸­åQŒå¿…™å»è§£å†Œ™¿™¿U模¾pŠæ€§å’Œä¸å‡†¼‹®æ€§ï¼Œè€Œå®¢æˆäh°æ°æ˜¯ä¸ø™§£å†Œ™¿™äº›é—®é¢˜ä½œå‡ºå†³å®šçš„æœ€ä½³äh选,å¦åˆ™åQŒå°±åªå¥½é å¼€å‘äh员去正确猜测了ã€?

--- 在需求分æžä¸­æš‚时加上“待定”标志是个æ–ÒŽ³•ã€‚ç”¨è¯¥æ ‡å¿—å¯æŒ‡æ˜Žå“ªäº›æ˜¯éœ€è¦è¿›ä¸€æ­¥è®¨è®ºã€åˆ†æžæˆ–增加信æ¯çš„地方,有时也å¯èƒ½å› ä¸ºæŸä¸ªç‰¹ŒDŠéœ€æ±‚难以解å†Ïxˆ–没有人愿æ„处ç†å®ƒè€Œæ ‡æ³¨ä¸Š“待定”。客戯‚¦ž®½é‡ž®†æ¯™åšwœ€æ±‚的内容都阘q°æ¸…楚,以便分æžäººå‘˜èƒ½å‡†¼‹®åœ°ž®†å®ƒä»¬å†™˜q?#8220;软äšg需求报å‘?#8221;中去。如果客户一时ä¸èƒ½å‡†¼‹®è¡¨è¾¾ï¼Œé€šå¸¸ž®Þp¦æ±‚用原型技术,通过原型开å‘,客户å¯ä»¥åŒå¼€å‘äh员一起åå¤ä¿®æ”¹ï¼Œä¸æ–­å®Œå–„需求定义ã€?

--- 14ã€?åŠæ—¶ä½œå‡ºå†›_®š

--- 分æžäººå‘˜ä¼šè¦æ±‚客户作å‡ÞZ¸€äº›é€‰æ‹©å’Œå†³å®šï¼Œ˜q™äº›å†›_®šåŒ…括æ¥è‡ªå¤šä¸ªç”¨æˆ·æå‡ºçš„å¤„ç†æ–¹æ³•或在质é‡ç‰¹æ€§å†²½H和信æ¯å‡†ç¡®åº¦ä¸­é€‰æ‹©æŠ˜è¡·æ–ÒŽ¡ˆ½{‰ã€‚有æƒä½œå‡ºå†³å®šçš„客户必须¿U¯æžåœ°å¯¹å¾…这一切,ž®½å¿«åšå¤„ç†ï¼Œåšå†³å®šï¼Œå› äؓ开å‘ähå‘˜é€šå¸¸åªæœ‰½{‰å®¢æˆ·åšå‡ºå†³å®šæ‰èƒ½è¡ŒåŠ¨ï¼Œè€Œè¿™¿U等待会延误™å¹ç›®çš„进展ã€?

--- 15ã€?ž®Šé‡å¼€å‘äh员的需求å¯è¡Œæ€§åŠæˆæœ¬è¯„ä¼°

--- 所有的软äšgåŠŸèƒ½éƒ½æœ‰å…¶æˆæœ¬ã€‚客æˆäh‰€å¸Œæœ›çš„æŸäº›äñ”å“特性å¯èƒ½åœ¨æŠ€æœ¯ä¸Šè¡Œä¸é€šï¼Œæˆ–者实现它è¦ä»˜å‡ºæžé«˜çš„代ä­håQŒè€ŒæŸäº›éœ€æ±‚试图达到在æ“作环境中ä¸å¯èƒ½è¾‘Öˆ°çš„æ€§èƒ½åQŒæˆ–试图得到一些根本得ä¸åˆ°çš„æ•°æ®ã€‚å¼€å‘äh员会å¯ÒŽ­¤ä½œå‡ºè´Ÿé¢çš„è¯„ä»øP¼Œå®¢æˆ·åº”该ž®Šé‡ä»–们的æ„è§ã€?

--- 16ã€?划分需求的优先¾U?

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--- 17�评审需求文档和原型

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--- 19ã€?é늅§å¼€å‘å°¾l„处ç†éœ€æ±‚å˜æ›´çš„˜q‡ç¨‹

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--- 20ã€?ž®Šé‡å¼€å‘äh员采用的需求分æžè¿‡½E?

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align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/" target="_blank">æœ‰çŒ«ç›æ€¼´çš„æ—¥å­?/a> 2006-12-11 18:00 <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/archive/2006/12/11/86972.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">å‘表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss> <footer> <div class="friendship-link"> <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/" title="狠狠久久亚洲欧美专区_中文字幕亚洲综合久久202_国产精品亚洲第五区在线_日本免费网站视频">狠狠久久亚洲欧美专区_中文字幕亚洲综合久久202_国产精品亚洲第五区在线_日本免费网站视频</a> </div> </footer> Ö÷Õ¾Ö©Öë³ØÄ£°å£º <a href="http://" target="_blank">Âú³ÇÏØ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ÏÉÌÒÊÐ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">Î÷¼ªÏØ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">º×±ÚÊÐ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ÁúȪÊÐ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">̫ԭÊÐ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ÄϽ§</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ÖêÖÞÊÐ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ÄþÑôÏØ</a>| <a href="http://" target="_blank">ºÕÕÂÏØ</a>| <a 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