??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> Cron 表达式包括以?7 个字D: Cron 触发器利用一pdҎ字符Q如下所C: 表达式意? 0 6 * * * 每两个小? 0 */2 * * * 0 23-7/2Q? * * * 每个月的4号和每个C拜的礼拜一到礼拜三的早?1? 0 11 4 * 1-3 0 4 1 1 * A cron expression is a string comprised of 6 or 7 fields separated by white space. Fields can contain any of the allowed values, along with various combinations of the allowed special characters for that field. The fields are as follows: So cron expressions can be as simple as this: * * * * ? * The 'L' and 'W' characters can also be combined in the day-of-month field to yield 'LW', which translates to "last weekday of the month". The legal characters and the names of months and days of the week are not case sensitive. MON is the same as mon. Here are some full examples: Pay attention to the effects of '?' and '*' in the day-of-week and day-of-month fields!
public class QuartzJob
{
public void work()
{
System.out.println("Quartz的Q务调度!Q!");
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!-- 要调用的工作c?nbsp;-->
<bean id="quartzJob" class="com.kay.quartz.QuartzJob"></bean>
<!-- 定义调用对象和调用对象的Ҏ -->
<bean id="jobtask" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<!-- 调用的类 -->
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="quartzJob"/>
</property>
<!-- 调用cM的方?nbsp;-->
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>work</value>
</property>
<property name="concurrent" value="false" /><!-- 单线E?--> </bean>
<!-- 定义触发旉 -->
<bean id="doTime" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="jobtask"/>
</property>
<!-- cron表达?nbsp;-->
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * ?</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- ȝ理类 如果lazy-init='false'那么容器启动׃执行调度E序 -->
<bean id="startQuertz" lazy-init="false" autowire="no" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="doTime"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainTest
{
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Test start.");
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("quartz-config.xml");
//如果配置文g中将startQuertz bean的lazy-init讄为false 则不用实例化
//context.getBean("startQuertz");
System.out.print("Test end..");
}
}
关于cron表达式(来自|络Q:
字段 允许?允许的特D字W?
U?0-59 , - * /
?0-59 , - * /
时 0-23 , - * /
日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C
月䆾 1-12 或?JAN-DEC , - * /
星期 1-7 或?SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C #
q_可选) 留空, 1970-2099 , - * /
"0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12点触?
"0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005q的每天上午10:15触发
"0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下?点到下午2:59期间的每1分钟触发
"0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下?点到下午2:55期间的每5分钟触发
"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下?点到2:55期间和下?点到6:55期间的每5分钟触发
"0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下?点到下午2:05期间的每1分钟触发
"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下?:10?:44触发
"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一臛_五的上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上?0:15触发
"0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最后一日的上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002q至2005q的每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三个星期五上?0:15触发
每天早上6?
晚上11点到早上8点之间每两个时Q早上八?
1?日早??
http://www.javaeye.com/topic/117244
]]>
让我们从一个数据库报表的例子来看看d调度能如何帮助改善系l设计。报表可能是错综复杂的,q取决于用户所需数据的种c,以及是否需要从一个或多个数据库收集大量数据。用户可能需要很长时间来q行q样?按需"报表。因此,我们向这个报表示例中dd调度机制Q以便用户可以安排在M他们需要的旉生成报表Qƈ以PDF或其他格式在email中发送。用户可以让报表在每天的凌晨2:22Q系l正处于低负hq行Q也可以选择只在特定旉q行一ơ。通过在报表应用中加入d调度Q我们可以ؓ产品d一Ҏ用的功能Qƈ改善用户体验?br />
q运的是Q有一个强大的开源解x案可以让我们以标准的方式在web应用Q或MJava应用Q中实施d调度。以下示例展CZ在web应用中,如何使用Quartz来创Z个Q务调度框架。这个示例还使用了Struts Action framework 插gQ以便在web应用启动时初始化d调度机制。Struts是最常见的MVC框架Qؓ大多数开发h员所熟悉。当焉此之外还有许多框架可以协助在web应用中实现MVC模式?br />
启动时初始化d调度?/span>
我们首先要做的是建立一个Struts插gQ让它在容器启动时创建我们的d调度器。在以下例子中,我们选择Tomcat作ؓweb应用容器Q不q这些示例在其他容器中也应当可以q行。我们要创徏一个Struts插gc,q在struts-config.xml中加入几行代码以使之可以工作?br />
q个插g有两个可配置的初始化参数QstartOnLoad指定是否要在容器启动时立卛_动Q务调度器Q?startupDelay指定启动d调度器之前的{待旉。启动g时很有用Q因为我们可能需要首先执行一些更重要的初始化步骤。此外还可以使用listener机制Q以更复杂的方式来通知SchedulerPlugIn何时启动Quartz Scheduler?br /> <plug-in className="SchedulerPlugIn">
<set-property property="startOnLoad" value="false" />
<set-property property="startupDelay" value="0" />
</plug-in>
我们要创建的是一个实现Struts插g接口org.apache.struts.action.PlugIn的单子类SchedulerPlugIn。Struts会按照配|文件中出现的顺序初始化各个插g。要特别注意的是init()Ҏ中的代码Q在此我们初始化了所需的Quartz对象Qƈ得到Scheduler。我们的d信息p提交到此org.quartz.Scheduler对象Q后者将在随后讨论。Scheduler对象由Quartz servletҎ光|初始化Q就像Struts初始化它的ActionServletcM栗让我们来看init()ҎQ?br />public void init(ActionServlet actionServlet,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig) {
System.out.println("Initializing Scheduler PlugIn for Jobs!");
// Retrieve the ServletContext
// 获取ServletContext
ServletContext ctx = actionServlet.getServletContext();
// The Quartz Scheduler
// Quartz Scheduler对象
Scheduler scheduler = null;
// Retrieve the factory from the ServletContext.
// It will be put there by the Quartz Servlet
// 从ServletContext取得由Quartz Servlet攄在此的factory对象?br /> StdSchedulerFactory factory = (StdSchedulerFactory)
ctx.getAttribute(QuartzInitializerServlet.QUARTZ_FACTORY_KEY);
try{
// Retrieve the scheduler from the factory
// 从factory取得scheduler
scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
// Start the scheduler in case, it isn't started yet
// 如果scheduler未启动Q则启动?br /> if (m_startOnLoad != null &&
m_startOnLoad.equals(Boolean.TRUE.toString())){
System.out.println("Scheduler Will start in " +
m_startupDelayString + " milliseconds!");
//wait the specified amount of time before
// starting the process.
// 在启动之前等待指定长度的旉
Thread delayedScheduler =
new Thread(new DelayedSchedulerStarted (
scheduler, m_startupDelay));
//give the scheduler a name. All good code needs a name
//lQ务调度器命名。好的代码总该有名字!
delayedScheduler.setName("Delayed_Scheduler");
//Start out scheduler
//启动d调度?br /> delayedScheduler.start();
}
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
sm_scheduler = scheduler;
}
配置q程的第二步是在web.xml中加入用来初始化Quartz servletQorg.quartz.ee.servlet.QuartzInitializerServletQ的内容Q因为需要它SchedulerFactoryd到ServletContext中,以便在我们的Struts插g中可以访问。SchedulerFactory是我们在Struts插g中获得Scheduler对象的来源。除了struts-config.xml 和web.xml之外Q还要在web应用的classes目录下放|一个quartz.properties文g。此文g的位|也可以在web.xml中作为QuartzInitializerServlet的启动参数来指定?br /> <servlet>
<servlet-name>QuartzInitializer</servlet-name>
<display-name>Quartz Initializer Servlet</display-name>
<servlet-class>
org.quartz.ee.servlet.QuartzInitializerServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<init-param>
<param-name>shutdown-on-unload</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>start-scheduler-on-load</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
q里其实完全可以不用Struts和SchedulerPlugInQ但如果来军_要以其它的Q务调度框架替换Quartz的话Q额外的抽象层就很有用了。长q看来,让一切保持松散耦合M使工作变得容易些。如果你使用其它MVC框架Q也可以用SchedulerPlugIn.init()Ҏ中的代码辑ֈ同样的效果。此外,q可以用Servlet 2.3规范中的ServletContextListener来实现同L初始化过E?br />
此ؓ止web应用已配|完毕,我们可以创徏一?war文gq|到服务器上Q从控制台观察SchedulerPlugIn的输Z息。然而在此之前,让我们先看看如何向Q务调度器提交一Q务?br />
我们可以从web应用中的Mc访问SchedulerPlugIn的唯一实例Qƈ调度一些要执行的工作。首先需要一个TriggerQ触发器Q对象来告诉d何时q行、每隔多久运行一ơ。Quartz支持多种触发器,在这个例子中我们使用CronTrigger?br />Trigger trigger = new CronTrigger("trigger1", "group1");
trigger.setCronExpression("0 0 15 ? * WED");
以上的触发器会在每周三的下午3Ҏ行指定Q务。现在我们只要创Z个JobDetail对象Qƈ把它和上面的触发器一起传递给SchedulerPlugIn的scheduleWork()Ҏ?br /> JobDetail jobDetail =
new JobDetail("Hello World Job",
"Hello World Group",
HelloWorld.class,
true, true, true);
//Schedule The work
//调度q项d
SchedulerPlugIn.scheduleWork(scheduledJobDetail, trigger);
实际工作在何处?
x我们已决定TriggerQ可以开始调度工作了。看上去一切都已完成,但实际上我们只是调度了一Q务,q有最重要的一步有待完成。注意HelloWorld.class作ؓ参数传递给了JobDetail的构造函数。这个类是实际完成工作的地斏VHelloWorldl承了Quartz的Jobc,q覆盖了execute()Ҏ。当d理器决定运行这个Q务时Qexecute()Ҏ被调用。来看代码:import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
//extend the proper Quartz class
//l承适当的Quartzc?br />public class HelloWorld extends Job {
//override the execute method
//覆盖executeҎ
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) {
// Every job has it's own job detail
//每个Job都有独立的JobDetail
JobDetail jobDetail = context.getJobDetail();
// The name is defined in the job definition
//name在Job定义中指?br /> String jobName = jobDetail.getName();
//Every job has a Job Data map for storing extra information
//每个Job都有一个Job Data map来存N外的信息
JobDataMap dataMap = jobDetail.getJobDataMap();
System.out.println("Hello World!!!");
}
}
Z试的目的,你可能希望将触发器的频率调的高一点,以便观察到HelloWorld的动作。毕竟,你不想一直等到凌?Ҏ能确定调度的d实q行了。相反,你可能需要一个每?0U运行的触发器:Trigger trigger = new SimpleTrigger("trigger1", "group1");
trigger.setRepeatCount(SimpleTrigger.REPEAT_INDEFINITELY);
trigger.setRepeatInterval(10000L); // milliseconds毫秒
注意Q这个触发器没有使用ccron的语法。Quartz有大量各cȝ选项和配|方法,可适用于Q何Q务调度的需要?br />
其它计时方式的配|?/span>
Quartz提供了多U调度Q务的方式。CronTrigger可能是最复杂的一U,不过q有其它的选择。大多数触发器可以由Quartz提供的TriggerUtilscd建。以下是一些常见的触发器的例子。如谚语所aQ条条大路通罗马!
每天凌晨2:22触发的触发器
// Ҏ一Q用makeDailyTriggerTrigger trigger = TriggerUtils.makeDailyTrigger(2, 22);
trigger.setName("trigger1");
trigger.setGroup("group1");
// Ҏ二:使用CronTriggerTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger("trigger1", "group1");
trigger.setCronExpression("0 22 2 * * ?");
?U执行一ơ的触发?br />/* *
* Ҏ一QmakeSecondlyTrigger
* 注意以下代码创Z个立卛_动的触发器。要控制启动旉Q?br /> * trigger.setStartTime(Date)Ҏ?br /> */
Trigger trigger = TriggerUtils.makeSecondlyTrigger(5);
trigger.setName("MyFiveSecondTrigger");
trigger.setGroup("MyTriggerGroup"); /*
*
* Ҏ二:讄SimpleTrigger的重复次数和间隔旉?br /> * 注意以下代码创Z个立卛_动的触发器。要控制启动旉Q?br /> * trigger.setStartTime(Date)Ҏ?br /> */
Trigger trigger = new SimpleTrigger("trigger1", "group1");
trigger.setRepeatCount(SimpleTrigger.REPEAT_INDEFINITELY);
trigger.setRepeatInterval(5000L); // milliseconds
按间隔时间运行Q?/span>Trigger trigger = new SimpleTrigger("trigger1", "group1");
// 24 hours * 60(minutes per hour) *
// 60(seconds per minute) * 1000(milliseconds per second)
// 24时 * 60Q分钟每时Q?* 60Q秒每分钟)* 1000Q毫U每U钟Q?br />trigger.setRepeatInterval(24L * 60L * 60L * 1000L);
l论
在这个演CZQ我们只接触了Quartz框架的一些初U功能。记住,Java 5 和J2EE 5也有自己的Q务调度机Ӟ但是它们不像Quartz那样灉|易用。Quartz是目前唯一的开源Javad调度框架Q它的确为开发者的锦囊中增加了很有用的内容。你可从Open Symphony下蝲QuartzQƈ得到一份很好的教程和用说明。 ?img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/pdw2009/aggbug/61507.html" width = "1" height = "1" />
]]>
Field Name
Mandatory?
Allowed Values
Allowed Special Characters
Seconds
YES
0-59
, - * /
Minutes
YES
0-59
, - * /
Hours
YES
0-23
, - * /
Day of month
YES
1-31
, - * ? / L W C
Month
YES
1-12 or JAN-DEC
, - * /
Day of week
YES
1-7 or SUN-SAT
, - * ? / L C #
Year
NO
empty, 1970-2099
, - * /
or more complex, like this: 0 0/5 14,18,3-39,52 ? JAN,MAR,SEP MON-FRI 2002-2010
Special characters
Examples
Expression
Meaning
0 0 12 * * ?
Fire at 12pm (noon) every day
0 15 10 ? * *
Fire at 10:15am every day
0 15 10 * * ?
Fire at 10:15am every day
0 15 10 * * ? *
Fire at 10:15am every day
0 15 10 * * ? 2005
Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005
0 * 14 * * ?
Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day
0 0/5 14 * * ?
Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day
0 0/5 14,18 * * ?
Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day
0 0-5 14 * * ?
Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day
0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED
Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March.
0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI
Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
0 15 10 15 * ?
Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month
0 15 10 L * ?
Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month
0 15 10 ? * 6L
Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
0 15 10 ? * 6L
Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005
Fire at 10:15am on every last friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005
0 15 10 ? * 6#3
Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month
0 0 12 1/5 * ?
Fire at 12pm (noon) every 5 days every month, starting on the first day of the month.
0 11 11 11 11 ?
Fire every November 11th at 11:11am.
]]>
?
package com.unicom.gdnum.jobs;
import java.util.*;
import org.apache.commons.logging.*;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
public class HelloworldJob implements Job{
static Log log=LogFactory.getLog(HelloworldJob.class);
public HelloworldJob() {
}
public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
log.info("Hello World Quartz......."+(new Date()).toLocaleString());
}
}
quartz有自q配置文个名ؓquartz.propertiesQ如果我们不在src/Q根目录Q如果我们不建立文g那么quartz׃使用quartz.jar包里的这个的文g。该文g通常包含以下内容Q?br />
#
# Configure Main Scheduler Properties
#
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = TestScheduler
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO
#
# Configure ThreadPool
#
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 4
#
# Configure JobStore
#
org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold = 5000
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore
# ===========================================================================
# Configure SchedulerPlugins ===============================================
# ===========================================================================
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = Trigger {1}.{0} fired job {6}.{5} at: {4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy}
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = Trigger {1}.{0} completed firing job {6}.{5} at {4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy} with resulting trigger instruction code: {9}
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.class = org.quartz.plugins.xml.JobInitializationPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.fileName = /quartz_job.xml
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.overWriteExistingJobs = false
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.failOnFileNotFound = true
org.quartz.plugin.shutdownhook.class = org.quartz.plugins.management.ShutdownHookPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.shutdownhook.cleanShutdown = true
以上配置quartz所需的配|,其中org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.fileName = /quartz_job.xml指定作业配置文g名,下面我是为HelloworldJob 写的一个配|,quartz_job.xml内容如下Q?br /><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<quartz>
<job>
<job-detail>
<name>helloworld</name>
<group>group1</group>
<job-class>com.unicom.gdnum.jobs.HelloworldJob</job-class>
</job-detail>
<trigger>
<cron>
<name>test</name>
<group>group1</group>
<job-name>helloworld</job-name>
<job-group>group1</job-group>
<cron-expression>0 0/1 * * * ?</cron-expression>
</cron>
</trigger>
</job>
</quartz>
q是在tomcat中作的一个例子,当然要用quartz面要下蝲其相兛_!