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          一、關于XML解析

            XML在Java應用程序里變得越來越重要, 廣泛應用于數據存儲和交換. 比如我們常見的配置文件,都是以XML方式存儲的. XML還應用于Java Message Service和Web Services等技術作為數據交換.因此,正確讀寫XML文檔是XML應用的基礎.

            Java提供了SAX和DOM兩種方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要讀寫一個稍微復雜的XML,也不是一件容易的事.

            二、XMLBean簡介

            Hibernate已經成為目前流行的面向Java環境的對象/關系數據庫映射工具.在Hibernate等對象/關系數據庫映射工具出現之前,對數據庫的操作是通過JDBC來實現的,對數據庫的任何操作,開發人員都要自己寫SQL語句來實現. 對象/關系數據庫映射工具出現后,對數據庫的操作轉成對JavaBean的操作,極大方便了數據庫開發. 所以如果有一個類似的工具能夠實現將對XML的讀寫轉成對JavaBean的操作,將會簡化XML的讀寫,即使對XML不熟悉的開發人員也能方便地讀寫XML. 這個工具就是XMLBean.

            三、準備XMLBean和XML文檔

            XMLBean是Apache的一個開源項目,可以從http://www.apache.org下載,最新的版本是2.0. 解壓后目錄如下:

          xmlbean2.0.0
               +---bin
               +---docs
               +---lib
               +---samples
               +---schemas

            另外還要準備一個XML文檔(customers.xml),

            在本文的例子里,我們將對這個文檔進行讀寫操作. 文檔源碼如下:

          <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
          <Customers>
              <customer>
                      <id>1</id>
                      <gender>female</gender>
                      <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                      <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                          <primaryAddress>
                                  <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                          </primaryAddress>
                          <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                          </billingAddress>
                      </address>
              </customer>
              <customer>
                      <id>2</id>
                      <gender>male</gender>
                      <firstname>David</firstname>
                      <lastname>Bill</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                          <primaryAddress>
                                  <postalCode>319087</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                          </primaryAddress>
                          <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Mr William</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>672993</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                          </billingAddress>
                      </address>
              </customer>
          </Customers>

            這是一個客戶的數據模型,每個客戶都有客戶編號(ID),姓名,性別(gender),電話號碼(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有兩個: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帳單地址(BillingAddress),每個地址有郵編,地址1,和地址2組成.其中帳單地址還有收件人(receiver).此外,還要準備一個配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),這個文件的作用我后面會講,它的內容如下:

          <xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config">

            <xb:namespace>
              <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
            </xb:namespace>

          </xb:config>

            四、XMLBean使用步驟

            和其他面向Java環境的對象/關系數據庫映射工具的使用步驟一樣,在正式使用XMLBean前,我們要作兩個準備.

            1. 生成XML Schema文件

            什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情況下,每個XML文件都有一個Schema文件,XML Schema文件是一個XML的約束文件,它定義了XML文件的結構和元素.以及對元素和結構的約束. 通俗地講,如果說XML文件是數據庫里的記錄,那么Schema就是表結構定義.

            為什么需要這個文件? XMLBean需要通過這個文件知道一個XML文件的結構以及約束,比如數據類型等. 利用這個Schema文件,XMLBean將會產生一系列相關的Java Classes來實現對XML的操作. 而作為開發人員,則是利用XMLBean產生的Java Classes來完成對XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.怎樣產生這個Schema文件呢? 如果對于熟悉XML的開發人員,可以自己來寫這個Schema文件,對于不熟悉XML的開發人員,可以通過一些工具來完成.比較有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通過XML文件來生成Schema文件. 加入我們已經生成這個Schema文件(customer.xsd):

                 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                 <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                            elementFormDefault="qualified">
                   <xs:element name="Customers">
                     <xs:complexType>
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
                                     type="customerType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                     </xs:complexType>
                   </xs:element>
                 <xs:complexType name="customerType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/>
                         <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                 </xs:complexType>
                   <xs:complexType name="addressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/>
                         <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>

                   <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>
                   <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                             <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>
                 </xs:schema>

            2. 利用scomp來生成Java Classes

            scomp是XMLBean提供的一個編譯工具,它在bin的目錄下. 通過這個工具,我們可以將以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.scomp的語法如下:-

            scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*

            主要參數說明:

            -src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目錄

            -srconly -- 不編譯Java Classes,不產生Jar文件

            -out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar

            -compiler -- Java編譯器的路徑,即Javac的位置

            schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置

            config.xsdconfig -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 這個文件主要用來制定生成的Java Class的一些文件名規則和Package的名稱,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean

            在本文,我是這樣運行的:

                scomp -src build\src  -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd
                       -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig

            這個命令行的意思是告訴scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目錄下,同時生成源代碼放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.其實, 生成的Java源代碼沒有多大作用,我們要的是jar文件.我們先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.

            CustomersDocument.java -- 整個XML文檔的Java Class映射

            CustomerType.java -- 節點sustomer的映射

            AddressType.java -- 節點address的映射

            BillingAddressType.java -- 節點billingAddress的映射

            PrimaryAddressType.java -- 節點primaryAddress的映射

            好了,到此我們所有的準備工作已經完成了. 下面就開始進入重點:利用剛才生成的jar文件讀寫XML.

            五、利用XMLBean讀XML文件

            新建一個Java Project,將XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和剛才我們生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入到Project的ClassPath.

            新建一個Java Class: CustomerXMLBean. 源碼如下:

              package com.sample.reader;

              import java.io.File;
             
              import sample.xmlbean.*;
              import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
              import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
              public class CustomerXMLBean {
              private String filename = null;
             
              public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
                      super();
                      this.filename = filename;
              }

              public void customerReader() {
                      try {
                        File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                        CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                        CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
                   
                        for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                          CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                          println("Customer#" + i);
                          println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
                          println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
                          println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
                          println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
                          println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
                          // Primary address
                          PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
                          println("PrimaryAddress:");
                          println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
                          println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
                          println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
                          // Billing address
                          BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
                          println("BillingAddress:");
                          println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
                          println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
                          println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
                          println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
                     
                        }
                      } catch (Exception ex) {
                              ex.printStackTrace();
                      }
              }
              private void println(String str) {
                    System.out.println(str);
              }
             public static void main(String[] args) {
                String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
                            
               CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                             customerXMLBean.customerReader();
              }

              }

            運行它,參看輸出結果:

                 Customer#0
                 Customer ID:1
                 First name:Jessica
                 Last name:Lim
                 Gender:female
                 PhoneNumber:1234567
                 PrimaryAddress:
                 PostalCode:350106
                 AddressLine1:#25-1
                 AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
                 BillingAddress:
                 Receiver:Ms Danielle
                 PostalCode:350107
                 AddressLine1:#167
                 AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY

                 Customer#1
                 Customer ID:2
                 First name:David
                 Last name:Bill
                 Gender:male
                 PhoneNumber:808182
                 PrimaryAddress:
                 PostalCode:319087
                 AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
                 AddressLine2:Tima Road
                 BillingAddress:
                 Receiver:Mr William
                 PostalCode:672993
                 AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
                 AddressLine2:Tima Road

            怎么樣,是不是很輕松? XMLBean的威力.

            六、利用XMLBean寫XML文件

            利用XMLBean創建一個XML文檔也是一件輕而易舉的事.我們再增加一個Method,

            請看一下的Java Class:

              public void createCustomer() {
              try {
                  // Create Document
                  CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
                  // Add new customer
                  CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
                  // set customer info
                  customer.setId(3);
                  customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
                  customer.setLastname("Lim");
                  customer.setGender("female");
                  customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
                  // Add new address
                  AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
                  // Add new PrimaryAddress
                  PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
                  primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
                  primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
                  primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");

                  // Add new BillingAddress
                  BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
                  billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
                  billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
                  billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
                  billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");

                  File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                  doc.save(xmlFile);
                  } catch (Exception ex) {
                          ex.printStackTrace();
                  }

            }

            修改main method.

              public static void main(String[] args) {
              String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                  CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                  customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
              }

            運行,打開customers_new.xml:

              <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
              <Customers>
              <customer>
                      <id>3</id>
                      <gender>female</gender>
                      <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                      <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                              <primaryAddress>
                                   <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                                   <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                                                 <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                              </primaryAddress>
                              <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                                 <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                                 <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                              </billingAddress>
                              </address>
                      </customer>
              </Customers>

            七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件

            我們再增加一個Method:

                public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
                   try {
                  File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                  CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                  CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
               
                  for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                     CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                    if(customer.getId()==id){
                          customer.setLastname(lastname);
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  doc.save(xmlFile);
                   } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                   }
                     }

            main method:

              public static void main(String[] args) {
               String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                             
              CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                             
              customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
              }

            運行之后,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的lastname已經改為last.

            八、利用XMLBean刪除一個customer

            再增加一個Method:

              public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
               try {
                File xmlFile = new File(filename);
               CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
              CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();

             for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                  CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                  if(customer.getId()==id){
                                  customer.setNil() ;
                                  break;
                         }
             }
             doc.save(xmlFile);
             } catch (Exception ex) {
                  ex.printStackTrace();
                  }
             }

            main method:

              public static void main(String[] args) {
              String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                             
              CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                             
              customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
              }

            運行,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的資料已經被刪除.

            九、查詢XML

            除了本文在以上講述的,利用XMLBean能輕輕松松完成XML的讀寫操作外,結合XPath和XQuery,XMLBean還能完成象SQL查詢數據庫一樣方便地查詢XML數據. 關于XML查詢以及如何創建XML數據庫, 我將在另一篇文章里討論.

            十、結束語

            XMLBean能幫助我們輕易讀寫XML,這將有助于我們降低XML的學習和使用,有了這個基礎,開發人員將為學習更多地XML相關技術和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技術打下良好地基礎.

          posted on 2007-10-08 14:37 有貓相伴的日子 閱讀(2582) 評論(4)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: XML/json相關技術

          評論:
          # re: 利用XmlBean輕松讀寫xml(轉) 2007-10-09 08:43 | anoymous
          I think you should try VTD-XML, a far more advanced
          XML processing model than XMLBean  回復  更多評論
            
          # re: 利用XmlBean輕松讀寫xml(轉) 2007-10-10 14:22 | 有貓相伴的日子
          之所以學習XmlBean,是因為要做一道面試題  回復  更多評論
            
          # re: 利用XmlBean輕松讀寫xml(轉) 2007-10-14 22:05 | 有貓相伴的日子
          一段執行scomp代碼的例子
          E:\eclipse32\workspace\struts2\src>scomp -out ../WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib/studs.jar xmlmodel/studs.xsd -compiler E:\jdk5\jdk\bin\javac.exe test.xsdconfig  回復  更多評論
            
          # re: 利用XmlBean輕松讀寫xml(轉) 2007-10-17 18:54 | shangchm
          效率如何  回復  更多評論
            

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