2.2 Transport
??? ActiveMQ目前支持的transport有:VM Transport、TCP
Transport、SSL Transport、Peer Transport、UDP Transport、Multicast
Transport、HTTP and HTTPS Transport、Failover Transport、Fanout
Transport、Discovery Transport、ZeroConf
Transport等。以下簡單介紹其中的幾種,更多請參考Apache官方文檔。
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2.2.1 VM Transport
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VM transport允許在VM內部通信,從而避免了網絡傳輸的開銷。這時候采用的連接不是socket連接,而是直接地方法調用。
第一個創建VM 連接的客戶會啟動一個embed VM broker,接下來所有使用相同的broker
name的VM連接都會使用這個broker。當這個broker上所有的連接都關閉的時候,這個broker也會自動關閉。
??? 以下是配置語法:
?? vm://brokerName?transportOptions
?? 例如:vm://broker1?marshal=false&broker.persistent=false
?? Transport Options的可選值如下:
Option Name | Default Value | Description |
Marshal | false | If true, forces each command sent over the transport to be marshlled and unmarshlled using a WireFormat |
wireFormat | default | The name of the WireFormat to use |
wireFormat.* | ? | All the properties with this prefix are used to configure the wireFormat |
create | true | If the broker should be created on demand if it does not allready exist. Only supported in ActiveMQ 4.1 |
broker.* | ? | All the properties with this prefix are used to configure the broker. See Configuring Wire Formats for more information |
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?? 以下是高級配置語法:
?? vm:(broker:(tcp://localhost)?brokerOptions)?transportOptions
?? vm:broker:(tcp://localhost)?brokerOptions
??? 例如:vm:(broker:(tcp://localhost:6000)?persistent=false)?marshal=false
??? Transport Options的可選值如下:
Option Name | Default Value | Description |
marshal | false | If true, forces each command sent over the transport to be marshlled and unmarshlled using a WireFormat |
wireFormat | default | The name of the WireFormat to use |
wireFormat.* | ? | All the properties with this prefix are used to configure the wireFormat |
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?? 使用配置文件的配置語法:??
??? vm://localhost?brokerConfig=xbean:activemq.xml
??? 例如:vm:// localhost?brokerConfig=xbean:com/test/activemq.xml
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?? 使用Spring的配置:
- < bean ? id = "broker" ? class = "org.apache.activemq.xbean.BrokerFactoryBean" > ??
- ??<property?name="config"?value="classpath:org/apache/activemq/xbean/activemq.xml"?/>??
- ??<property?name="start"?value="true"?/>??
- </ bean > ??
- ??
- < bean ? id = "connectionFactory" ? class = "org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory" ? depends-on = "broker" > ??
- ??<property?name="brokerURL"?value="vm://localhost"/>??
- </ bean > ??
?? 如果persistent是true,那么ActiveMQ會在當前目錄下創建一個缺省值是activemq-data的目錄用于持久化保存數據。需要注 意的是,如果程序中啟動了多個不同名字的VM broker,那么可能會有如下警告:Failed to start jmx connector: Cannot bind to URL [rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi]: javax.naming.NameAlreadyBoundException…可以通過在transportOptions中追加 broker.useJmx=false來禁用JMX來避免這個警告。
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2.2.2 TCP Transport
??? TCP transport 允許客戶端通過TCP socket連接到遠程的broker。以下是配置語法:
??? tcp://hostname:port?transportOptions
??? Transport Options的可選值如下:
Option Name | Default Value | Description |
minmumWireFormatVersion | 0 | The minimum version wireformat that is allowed |
trace | false | Causes all commands that are sent over the transport to be logged |
useLocalHost | true | When true, it causes the local machines name to resolve to "localhost". |
socketBufferSize | 64 * 1024 | Sets the socket buffer size in bytes |
soTimeout | 0 | sets the socket timeout in milliseconds |
connectionTimeout | 30000 | A non-zero value specifies the connection timeout in milliseconds. A zero value means wait forever for the connection to be established. Negative values are ignored. |
wireFormat | default | The name of the WireFormat to use |
wireFormat.* | ? | All the properties with this prefix are used to configure the wireFormat. See Configuring Wire Formats for more information |
?? 例如:tcp://localhost:61616?trace=false
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2.2.3 Failover Transport
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Failover
Transport是一種重新連接的機制,它工作于其它transport的上層,用于建立可靠的傳輸。它的配置語法允許制定任意多個復合的URI。
Failover
transport會自動選擇其中的一個URI來嘗試建立連接。如果沒有成功,那么會選擇一個其它的URI來建立一個新的連接。以下是配置語法:
??? failover:(uri1,...,uriN)?transportOptions
??? failover:uri1,...,uriN
??? Transport Options的可選值如下:
Option Name | D efault Value | Description |
initialReconnectDelay | 10 | How long to wait before the first reconnect attempt (in ms) |
maxReconnectDelay | 30000 | The maximum amount of time we ever wait between reconnect attempts (in ms) |
useExponentialBackOff | true | Should an exponential backoff be used between reconnect attempts |
backOffMultiplier | 2 | The exponent used in the exponential backoff attempts |
maxReconnectAttempts | 0 | If not 0, then this is the maximum number of reconnect attempts before an error is sent back to the client |
randomize | true | use a random algorithm to choose the URI to use for reconnect from the list provided |
backup | false | initialize and hold a second transport connection - to enable fast failover |
?? 例如:failover:(tcp://localhost:61616,tcp://remotehost:61616)?initialReconnectDelay=100
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2.2.4 Discovery transport
??? Discovery transport是可靠的tranport。它使用Discovery transport來定位用來連接的URI列表。以下是配置語法:
??? discovery:(discoveryAgentURI)?transportOptions
??? discovery:discoveryAgentURI
??? Transport Options的可選值如下:
Option Name | Default Value | Description |
initialReconnectDelay | 10 | How long to wait before the first reconnect attempt |
maxReconnectDelay | 30000 | The maximum amount of time we ever wait between reconnect attempts |
useExponentialBackOff | true | Should an exponential backoff be used btween reconnect attempts |
backOffMultiplier | 2 | The exponent used in the exponential backoff attempts |
maxReconnectAttempts | 0 | If not 0, then this is the maximum number of reconnect attempts before an error is sent back to the client |
?? 例如:discovery:(multicast://default)?initialReconnectDelay=100??
??? 為了使用Discovery來發現broker,需要為broker啟用discovery agent。 以下是XML配置文件中的一個例子:
- < broker ? name = "foo" > ??
- ???<transportConnectors>??
- ??????<transportConnector?uri="tcp://localhost:0"?discoveryUri="multicast://default"/>??
- ????</transportConnectors>??
- ????...??
- </ broker > ??
?? 在使用Failover Transport或Discovery transport等能夠自動重連的transport的時候,需要注意的是:設想有兩個broker,它們都啟用AMQ Message Store作為持久化存儲,有一個producer和一個consumer連接到某個queue。當因其中一個broker失效時而切換到另一個 broker的時候,如果失效的broker的queue中還有未被consumer消費的消息,那么這個queue里的消息仍然滯留在失效broker 的中,直到失效的broker被修復并重新切換回這個被修復的broker后,之前被保留的消息才會被consumer消費掉。如果被處理的消息有時序限 制,那么應用程序就需要處理這個問題。另外也可以通過ActiveMQ集群來解決這個問題。
?? 在transport重連的時候,可以在connection上注冊TransportListener來獲得回調,例如:
- (ActiveMQConnection)connection).addTransportListener( new ?TransportListener()?{??
- ????public?void?onCommand(Object?cmd)?{??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????public?void?onException(IOException?exp)?{??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????public?void?transportInterupted()?{??
- ????????//?The?transport?has?suffered?an?interruption?from?which?it?hopes?to?recover.??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????public?void?transportResumed()?{??
- ????????//?The?transport?has?resumed?after?an?interruption.??
- ????}??
-
});