前面我的工作中用到了報表，當時積累了一些試用心得。也觸發了一些靈感。這里總結下來，希望對大家有一定幫助。
一、 利用基本的TABLE元素
——自己的創意之作
可以參考我先前的一篇關于TABLE制作柱狀圖的blog：
http://www.aygfsteel.com/JAVA-HE/archive/2007/04/20/112352.html
如果只是需要在頁面上現實一些柱狀圖，那么這種方式是非常簡單和實用的。核心原理利用HTML的基本元素——table。繪制table，不顯示其邊框，不顯示其間距，然后利用獲得的數據，使用JS控制哪行哪列用什么顏色。
如：
document.getElementById('tab').rows[0].cells[0].bgColor = 'red';
二、立體感的柱狀圖
——這是在網上陶下來的漂亮代碼
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<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
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<!--[if !mso]>
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<style>
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v\:* { behavior: url(#default#VML) }
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o\:* { behavior: url(#default#VML) }
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.shape { behavior: url(#default#VML) }
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</style>
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<![endif]-->
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>柱狀圖形報表樣列</TITLE>
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
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//addPole 增加一個柱狀圖
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//left 與窗口左邊的距離
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//width 寬度
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//height 高度
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//zindex 層高度
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//fillcolor 主色
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//color 漸變色
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//type 默認為豎,1為橫
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function addPole(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor,color,type)
{
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top=top-height;
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var a="";
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if(type==1)
{
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a="angle='-90' focus='100%'";
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}
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var html="<v:rect style='position:absolute;";
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html=html+"left:"+left+"px;";
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html=html+"top:"+top+"px;";
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html=html+"width:"+width+"px;";
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html=html+"height:"+height+"px;";
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html=html+"z-index:"+zindex+"'";
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html=html+"fillcolor='"+fillcolor+"'>";
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html=html+"<v:fill color2='"+color+"'";
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html=html+" rotate='t' "+a+" type='gradient'/><o:extrusion v:ext='view' backdepth='20pt' ";
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html=html+"color='"+fillcolor+"' on='t'/></v:rect>";
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document.write(html);
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}
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//left 與窗口左邊的距離
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//width 寬度
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//height 高度
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//zindex 立體高度
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//fillcolor 主色
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function addBackground(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor)
{
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top=top-height;
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var html="<v:rect style='position:absolute;left:"+left+"px;";
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html=html+"top:"+top+"px;";
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html=html+"width:"+width+"px;";
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html=html+"height:"+height+"px;";
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html=html+"z-index:"+zindex+"'";
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html=html+"fillcolor='"+fillcolor+"'";
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html=html+" stroked='f'><v:fill rotate='t' angle='-45' focus='100%' type='gradient'/></v:rect>";
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document.write(html);
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}
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function addLine(zindex,from,to,color)
{
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var html="<v:line style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;top:0;flip:y;z-index:"+zindex+"'";
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html=html+" from='"+from+"' to='"+to+"' strokecolor='"+color+"'/>"
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document.write(html);
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}
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function addText(left,top,width,height,zindex,value,fontsize)
{
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top=top-height;
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var html="<v:shape style='position:absolute;left:"+left+"px;";
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html=html+"top:"+top+"px;";
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html=html+"width:"+width+"px;";
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html=html+"height:"+height+"px;";
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html=html+"z-index:"+zindex+"'>";
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html=html+"<v:textbox inset='0px,0px,0px,0px'><table cellspacing='3' cellpadding='0' width='100%' height='100%'><tr><td";
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html=html+" style='FONT-SIZE:"+fontsize+"' align='center'>"+value+"</td></tr></table></v:textbox></v:shape>";
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document.write(html);
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}
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function addGround(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor,linecolor1,linecolor2,offset,level,min,leftoffset,textwidth,textheight,fontsize)
{
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addBackground(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor);
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addLine(zindex,left+"px,"+top+"px",((left-0)+(width-0))+"px,"+top+"px",linecolor1);
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addLine(zindex,left+"px,"+top+"px",left+"px,"+(top-height)+"px",linecolor1);
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addLine(zindex,((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+(top-offset)+"px",((left-0)+(width-0))+"px,"+(top-offset)+"px",linecolor2);
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addLine(zindex,((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+(top-offset)+"px",((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+(top-height)+"px",linecolor2);
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addLine(zindex,left+"px,"+(top-offset)+"px",((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+top+"px",linecolor2);
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for(var i=1;i<level;i++)
{
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addLine(zindex,left+"px,"+(top-offset-(height*i)/level)+"px",((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+(top-(height*i)/level)+"px",linecolor2);
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addLine(zindex,(left-leftoffset)+"px,"+(top-(height*i)/level)+"px",left+"px,"+(top-(height*i)/level)+"px",linecolor1);
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addText(left-textwidth,(top-(height*i)/level)+(textheight-0)+2,textwidth,textheight,"-1",i*min,fontsize)
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addLine(zindex,((left-0)+(offset-0))+"px,"+(top-offset-(height*i)/level)+"px",((left-0)+(width-0))+"px,"+(top-offset-(height*i)/level)+"px",linecolor2);
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}
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addLine(zindex,(left-leftoffset)+"px,"+(top-(height*level)/level)+"px",left+"px,"+(top-(height*level)/level)+"px",linecolor1);
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addText(left-textwidth,(top-(height*level)/level)+(textheight-0)+2,textwidth,textheight,"-1",level*min,fontsize)
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}
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function addEPole(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor,color,textwidth,textheight,value1,value2,fontsize)
{
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addText(left-textwidth/2+width/2,top-height-10,textwidth,textheight,zindex,value1,fontsize);
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addText(left-textwidth/2+width/2,(top-0)+(textheight-0),textwidth,textheight,zindex,value2,fontsize);
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addPole(left,top,width,height,zindex,fillcolor,color)
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}
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</SCRIPT>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<div>
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
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<!--
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addEPole("180","400","30","150","1","#3300FF","#66FFFF","80","18","300","1月份","9pt");
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addEPole("230","400","30","300","1","#FF0000","#99FFFF","80","18","600","2月份","9pt");
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addEPole("280","400","30","200","1","#33CC00","#99FFFF","80","18","400","3月份","9pt");
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addEPole("330","400","30","100","1","#FF0099","#99FFFF","80","18","200","4月份","9pt");
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addEPole("380","400","30","50","1","#660000","#99FFFF","80","18","100","5月份","9pt");
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addEPole("430","400","30","20","1","#FFFF00","#99FFFF","80","18","40","6月份","9pt");
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addEPole("480","400","30","180","1","#330066","#99FFFF","80","18","360","7月份","9pt");
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addEPole("530","400","30","120","1","#CC6633","#99FFFF","80","18","240","8月份","9pt");
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addEPole("580","400","30","80","1","#9933FF","#99FFFF","80","18","160","9月份","9pt");
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addGround("160","400","460","300","-1","#33CCFF","#000000","#6699CC","10","6","100","20","40","18","9pt")
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//-->
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</SCRIPT>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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效果圖如下：
是不是很漂亮呢？我是覺得很漂亮。
其中方法調用，想知道每個參數的詳細信息，你可以自己試：
addEPole("580","400","30","80","1","#9933FF","#99FFFF","80","18","160","9月份","9pt");
參數含義包括上邊距離，左邊距，以及高寬，以及XY上的內容 。以及顏色，柱體的寬度等等信息。
addGround("160","400","460","300","-1","#33CCFF","#000000","#6699CC","10","6","100","20","40","18","9pt")
定義了范圍大小以及6個刻度，每個100，還包括字體大小，刻度線顏色，以及內部線條顏色，以及漸變色等等含義。
三、JFreechart使用
注意生成圖都自動存在臨時文件夾里的。
總結過上手資料文章：
http://www.aygfsteel.com/JAVA-HE/archive/2007/04/18/111439.html
但是朋友反映總結得過于粗淺。
這里寫詳細點：
1. 柱狀圖
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DefaultCategoryDataset dataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset ();
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dataset.addValue (300, "廣州", "蘋果");
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dataset.addValue (200, "廣州", "梨子");
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dataset.addValue (600, "廣州", "葡萄");
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dataset.addValue (340, "廣州", "芒果");
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dataset.addValue (280, "廣州", "荔枝");
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JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D ("水果銷量統計圖","水果","銷量",
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dataset,PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, //選擇水平或者垂直放
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false,//是否顯示顏色類別（地區）提示
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false,
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false);
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String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG (chart, 500, 300, null, session);
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String graphURL = request.getContextPath () + "/servlet/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename;
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2. 餅圖
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DefaultPieDataset data = new DefaultPieDataset();
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data.setValue("六月", 500);
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data.setValue("七月", 580);
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data.setValue("八月", 828);
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PiePlot plot = new PiePlot(data);
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JFreeChart chart = new JFreeChart("", JFreeChart.DEFAULT_TITLE_FONT, plot, true);
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chart.setBackgroundPaint(java.awt.Color.white); //可選，設置圖片背景色
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chart.setTitle("Welcome to Jfreechart !"); //可選，設置圖片標題
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ChartRenderingInfo info = new ChartRenderingInfo(new StandardEntityCollection());
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//500是圖片長度，300是圖片高度
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String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, info, session);
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String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/servlet/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename;
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在插入圖片的地方：
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<img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= filename %>">
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在xml中加入了：
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/servlet/DisplayChart</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
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圖片效果，請訪問：http://www.aygfsteel.com/JAVA-HE/archive/2007/04/18/111439.html
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還可以如下創建 dataset對象：
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double[][] data = new double[][]
{
{672, 766, 223, 540, 126},
{325, 521, 210, 340, 106},
{332, 256, 523, 240, 526} };
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String[] rowKeys =
{"蘋果","梨子","葡萄"};
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String[] columnKeys =
{"北京","上海","廣州","成都","深圳"};
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CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data);
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效果：
參照網上介紹的一些文章總是發現不能向我的這么順利，不是說他們的有錯。我想版本不一樣了 。區別肯定是有的。
實際上建立什么樣的圖表，ChartFactory可以選擇不同方法建立不同圖表的。
比如直接講原來一個柱狀圖，中改了一個方法，圖就變了。
如：
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JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createLineChart ("水果銷量統計圖","水果","銷量",
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dataset,PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,//選擇水平或者垂直放
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true,//廣州或者成都，這里顏色有區別的。（顏色類別）
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true,
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true);
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對比兩幅圖。只是方法名字不同。
再來個3D的:（createLineChart3D方法）
而作為createAreaChart建立的面積比例圖：
需要注意點的是，數據先后對圖像效果是有影響的。因為有覆蓋存在。
補充一個讓大家都暈的，我居然一直一位JFreechart 和CEWOLG是一個東西。所以總在那里找標簽。還以為我下載的版本不同，所以那些東西都找不到呢！
四、結合cewolf使用
實際上大量應用的是線圖：
經典應用，無非是讀取數據庫，然后根據數據庫中的值來生成線圖。
生成線圖的JSP：
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<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<%@page import="java.sql.*"%>
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<%@page import="java.util.*"%>
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<%@page import="de.laures.cewolf.*"%>
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<%@page import="de.laures.cewolf.tooltips.*"%>
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<%@page import="de.laures.cewolf.links.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.time.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.gantt.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.plot.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.category.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.general.*"%>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.data.xy.*"%>
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<%@page import="java.awt.*" %>
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<%@page import="de.laures.cewolf.taglib.CewolfChartFactory" %>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.event.ChartProgressListener" %>
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<%@page import="org.jfree.chart.event.ChartProgressEvent" %>
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<%@page import="com.palmtech.util.*" %>
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<%@page import="com.palmtech.sqldata.*" %>
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<%
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final int round=roleInfo.round;//獲取游戲輪數
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int[][] loanDataTemp=new int[round][2];
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conn = null;
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result = new Vector ();
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ps = null;
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try
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{
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conn = DriverManager.getConnection ("proxool.BreadServer");
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ps = conn.prepareStatement ("CALL proc_graph_role_fee(?,?,?)");
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ps.setInt (1,gameID);
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ps.setInt (2,roleID);
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ps.setInt (3,2);
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ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery ();
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for(int histroyRound=0;histroyRound<round;histroyRound++)
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{
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rs.absolute (histroyRound+1);//游標從1開始
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for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
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{
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loanDataTemp[histroyRound][i]=rs.getInt (2+i);
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//out.print (loanDataTemp[histroyRound][i]+" ");
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}
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//out.println ("<br>");
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}
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rs.close ();
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ps.close ();
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ps = null;
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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ex.printStackTrace ();
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result = new Vector ();
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}
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finally
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{
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if(ps!=null)
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{try
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{ps.close ();}
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catch(Exception e)
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{}ps=null;}
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try
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{conn.close ();}
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catch(Exception e)
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{}conn=null;
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}
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final int[][] loanData=loanDataTemp;
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%>
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<%
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//if (pageContext.getAttribute("initFlag") == null)
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{
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DatasetProducer g_loan = new DatasetProducer ()
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{
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public Object produceDataset (Map params)
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{
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final String[] seriesNames =
{ "銷售利潤", "貸款增加額曲線"};
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String[] categories=new String[round];
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for(int i=0;i<round;i++)
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{
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categories[i]=""+(i+1);
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}
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DefaultCategoryDataset dataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset ()
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{
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protected void finalize () throws Throwable
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{
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super.finalize ();
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}
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};
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for (int series = 0; series < seriesNames.length; series ++)
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{
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for (int i = 0; i < categories.length; i++)
184
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{
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dataset.addValue (loanData[i][series], seriesNames[series], categories[i]);
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}
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}
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return dataset;
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}
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public String getProducerId ()
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{
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return "CategoryDataProducer";
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}
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public boolean hasExpired (Map params, java.util.Date since)
206
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{
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return (System.currentTimeMillis () - since.getTime ()) > 5000;
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}
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};
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pageContext.setAttribute ("g_loan", g_loan);
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pageContext.setAttribute ("initFlag", "init");
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}
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%>
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<%int r_loan=MathUtil.random(-2, 2);%>
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<html>
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<head>
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<link href="cewolf.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></head>
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<BODY>
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<p>
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<table border=0>
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<TR>
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<TD>
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<cewolf:chart id="lineChart" title="銷售利潤/貸款增加額曲線" type="line" xaxislabel="回合數" yaxislabel="金額">
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<cewolf:data>
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<cewolf:producer id="g_loan" />
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</cewolf:data>
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</cewolf:chart>
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<cewolf:img chartid="lineChart" renderer="/cewolf" width="300" height="<%=(r_loan+300)%>"/>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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</body>
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</html>
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在上面的程序<cewolf:data>上加入：
<cewolf:colorpaint color="#FFEEEE"/>
指定圖的背景色。
也可以：
<cewolf:gradientpaint>
<cewolf:point x="0" y="0" color="#FFFFFF" />
<cewolf:point x="300" y="0" color="#DDDDFF" />
</cewolf:gradientpaint>
這樣指定漸變色。
甚至
<cewolf:texturepaint image="/img/bg.jpg" width="60" height="60" />
指定背景圖。
而在另一個JSP頁面里顯示：
<%@include file='graph.jsp'%>
這樣就把上面生成線圖的JSP頁面應用到當前JSP頁面里。
也許你疑問為何用這個tld呢？因為這樣嵌入了圖表的JSP就不用使用任何Java代碼。
記得將cewolf.tld放在web-inf下面。
在xml里追加:
1<servlet>
2
3 <servlet-name>CewolfServlet</servlet-name>
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5 <servlet-class>de.laures.cewolf.CewolfRenderer</servlet-class>
6
7 <!-- sets storage implementation -->
8
9 <init-param>
10
11 <param-name>storage</param-name>
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13 <param-value>de.laures.cewolf.storage.TransientSessionStorage</param-value>
14
15 </init-param>
16
17 <!-- sets overlib.js location relative to webapp -->
18
19 <init-param>
20
21 <param-name>overliburl</param-name>
22
23 <param-value>overlib.js</param-value>
24
25 </init-param>
26
27 <!-- turn on or off debugging logging -->
28
29 <init-param>
30
31 <param-name>debug</param-name>
32
33 <param-value>true</param-value>
34
35 </init-param>
36
37 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
38
39 </servlet>
40
41<servlet-mapping>
42
43 <servlet-name>CewolfServlet</servlet-name>
44
45 <url-pattern>/cewolf/*</url-pattern>
46
47 </servlet-mapping>
48
49
將overlib.js復制到WEB應用程序的根目錄下；
verticalBar類型和line類型可以直接換。不需要改其他地方。
效果圖對比:
只是類型變了（加上了背景色效果）：
加點背景圖片：（加了個半裸女，可惜擋住了。呵呵）
五、JS CHART
隨后我又在http://webfx.eae.net/發現一個用js寫的chart開源工具包。
要用到報表的地方：
<div id="chart2" class="chart" style="width: 400px; height: 200px;"></div>
而在HTMLhead部分導入需要的JS 文件。參考其提供的demo文件，稍做修改就能完全使用。
1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
2
3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
4
5 <head>
6
7 <title>Chart Demo (WebFX)</title>
8
9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
10
11 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/excanvas.js"></script>
12
13 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/wz_jsgraphics.js"></script>
14
15 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/chart.js"></script>
16
17 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/canvaschartpainter.js"></script>
18
19 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/jgchartpainter.js.js"></script>
20
21 <script type="text/javascript" src="includes/demo.js"></script>
22
23 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="includes/canvaschart.css" />
24
25 <style type="text/css">
26
27 .chart {}{ margin-left: 20px; }
28
29 </style>
30
31 </head>
32
33 <body onload="demo();">
34
35 <div class="webfx-main-body">
36
37 <div id="chart3" class="chart" style="width: 400px; height: 200px;"></div>
38
39 </div>
40
41 </body>
42
43</html>
44
負責繪制工作的js：
1function demo() {
2
3 var c = new Chart(document.getElementById('chart3'));
4
5 c.setDefaultType(CHART_LINE);
6
7 c.setGridDensity(10, 10);
8
9 c.setHorizontalLabels(['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed']);
10
11 c.setShowLegend(false);
12
13 c.add('', '#4040FF', [ 5, 10, 20, 10, 40, 52, 68, 70, 70, 60]);
14
15 c.add('', '#8080FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 28, 28, 45]);
16
17 c.add('', '#FF8080', [ 3, 12, 5, 18, 20, 13, 28, 36, 18, 5]);
18
19 c.add('', '#FF00FF', [ 1, 20, 3, 2, 1, 4, 10, 12, 8, 10]);
20
21 c.draw();
22
23}
24
25
是不是覺得很簡單啊。這是因為在前人的基礎上我們只是用。
當然還可以繪制其他種類的圖：
如：
對應方法調用示例：
1function demo() {
2 //demo1();
3 //demo2();
4 demo3();
5 //demo4();
6}
7
8
9function demo1(painterType) {
10 var c = new Chart(document.getElementById('chart'));
11 if (painterType == 'svg') { c.setPainterFactory(SVGChartPainterFactory); }
12 c.setDefaultType(CHART_AREA | CHART_STACKED);
13 c.setGridDensity(10, 10);
14 c.setVerticalRange(-100, 300);
15 c.setHorizontalLabels(['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed']);
16 c.setBarWidth(10);
17 c.add('Spam', '#4040FF', [ 5, 10, 20, 10, 40, 52, 68, 70, 70, 60]);
18 c.add('Innocent', '#8080FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 28, 28, 45]);
19 c.add('Missed Spam', '#A5A5FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 36, 18, 5]);
20 c.add('False Positives', '#DEDEFF', [ 1, -20, 3, 2, 1, 4, -80, 12, 8, -10]);
21 c.add('SMTP Rejects', 'red', [45, 54, 65, 150, 280, 120, 86, 65, 74, 12], CHART_LINE);
22 c.add('System Load', '#008800', [-8, -7, -12, -20, -24, -16, -36, -36, -18], CHART_BAR);
23 c.add('Memory Usage', '#009900', [-1, -20, -3, -2, -1, -4, -80, -12, -8], CHART_BAR);
24 c.draw();
25}
26
27function demo2() {
28 var c = new Chart(document.getElementById('chart2'));
29 c.setDefaultType(CHART_AREA | CHART_STACKED);
30 c.setGridDensity(5, 5);
31 c.setVerticalRange(-100, 300);
32 c.setHorizontalLabels(['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed']);
33 c.add('Spam', '#4040FF', [ 5, 10, 20, 10, 40, 52, 68, 70, 70, 60]);
34 c.add('Innocent', '#8080FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 28, 28, 45]);
35 c.add('Missed Spam', '#A5A5FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 36, 18, 5]);
36 c.add('False Positives', '#DEDEFF', [ 1, -20, 3, 2, 1, 4, -80, 12, 8, -10]);
37 c.add('SMTP Rejects', 'red', [45, 54, 65, 150, 280, 120, 86, 65, 74, 12], CHART_LINE);
38 c.draw();
39}
40
41function demo3() {
42 var c = new Chart(document.getElementById('chart3'));
43 c.setDefaultType(CHART_LINE);
44 c.setGridDensity(10, 10);
45 c.setHorizontalLabels(['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed']);
46 c.setShowLegend(false);
47 c.add('', '#4040FF', [ 5, 10, 20, 10, 40, 52, 68, 70, 70, 60]);
48 c.add('', '#8080FF', [ 8, 7, 12, 20, 24, 16, 36, 28, 28, 45]);
49 c.add('', '#FF8080', [ 3, 12, 5, 18, 20, 13, 28, 36, 18, 5]);
50 c.add('', '#FF00FF', [ 1, 20, 3, 2, 1, 4, 10, 12, 8, 10]);
51 c.draw();
52}
53
54function demo4() {
55 var c = new Chart(document.getElementById('chart4'));
56 c.setDefaultType(CHART_BAR);
57 c.setGridDensity(0, 0);
58 c.setBarWidth(10);
59 c.setBarDistance(1);
60 c.setShowLegend(false);
61 c.add('', 'blue', [6, 3, 9, 6, 1, 3]);
62 c.add('', 'red', [7, 1, 2, 9, 3, 6]);
63 c.add('', 'green', [2, 7, 1, 3, 7, 2]);
64 c.draw();
65}
程序中，我當然一般是先簡化，在復雜。拿來注意嘛，先知道每個模塊的功能，在根據需要修飾。