Junky's IT Notebook

Spring in Action 筆記V -- 使用Spring來(lái)發(fā)郵件和執(zhí)行定時(shí)任務(wù)

這次來(lái)看看Spring提高的一些有用過(guò)的JEE中使用到的功能,如 發(fā)送Email, 執(zhí)行定時(shí)任務(wù)...

先來(lái)看看發(fā)送Email吧, 在Spring中發(fā)送Email是很簡(jiǎn)單的,使用Spring提高的MailSender和MailMessage就可以了,配置代碼如下:

<?

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

<!

DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "spring-beans.dtd" >

<

beans >

< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl" >

< property name = "host" >

?

< value > smtp.163.com </ value >

</ property >

< property name = "javaMailProperties" >

?

< props >

??? <!-- 如果要使用用戶名和密碼驗(yàn)證,這一步需要 -->

??? < prop key = "mail.smtp.auth" > true </ prop >

? </ props >

</ property >

< property name = "username" >

< value > 你的Email地址 </ value >

</ property >

< property name = "password" >

< value > 你的Email密碼 </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

<!-- 簡(jiǎn)單的message -->

< bean id = "mailMessage" class = "org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage" >

< property name = "to" >

< value > 收件人地址 </ value >

</ property >

< property name = "from" >

< value > 你的地址 </ value >

</ property >

< property name = "subject" > <!-- Email 標(biāo)題 -->

< value > A Spring Mail sender </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

<!-- 測(cè)試發(fā)送的類(lèi) -->

< bean id = "testMailSender" class = "test.mail.TestSenderMail" >

< property name = "mailMessage" >

< ref bean = "mailMessage" />

</ property >

< property name = "mailSender" >

< ref bean = "mailSender" />

</ property >

</ bean >

</

beans >

上面的配置好以后就可以直接發(fā)送了, 看看TestSenderMail.java的代碼:

package? test.mail;

import? org.springframework.mail.MailException;
import? org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import? org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

public?class? TestSenderMail?{
?? private? MailSender?mailSender;
?? private? SimpleMailMessage?mailMessage;
??
?? public? TestSenderMail()?{
????
?? }
??
?? public? SimpleMailMessage?getMailMessage()?{
???? return? mailMessage;
?? }
?? public?void? setMailMessage(SimpleMailMessage?mailMessage)?{
???? this .mailMessage?=?mailMessage;
?? }
?? public? MailSender?getMailSender()?{
???? return? mailSender;
?? }
?? public?void? setMailSender(MailSender?mailSender)?{
???? this .mailSender?=?mailSender;
?? }
??
?? public?void? sendMail()?{
???? SimpleMailMessage?message?=? new? SimpleMailMessage(mailMessage);
??? ?//設(shè)置email內(nèi)容,
???? message.setText( "測(cè)試Spring?發(fā)送Email." );
????
???? try? {
?????? mailSender.send(message);
???? }? catch? (MailException?e)?{
?????? //?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block
?????? System.out.println( "O?.?發(fā)送Email失敗了...." );
?????? e.printStackTrace();
???? }
?? }
}

很簡(jiǎn)單吧. 下面是測(cè)試類(lèi): TestApp.java

package? test.mail;

import? org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import? org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public?class? TestApp?{

?? /**
??? *? @param? args
??? */
?? public?static?void? main(String[]?args)?{
???? //?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
???? ApplicationContext?context?=? new? ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
???????? "test/mail/mail.xml" );

???? TestSenderMail?sender?=?(TestSenderMail)?context
???????? .getBean( "testMailSender" );
???? sender.sendMail();
?? }
?? //拋出如下異常,是瑞星監(jiān)控的問(wèn)題,關(guān)閉就可以了
?? /**
??? *?DEBUG?SMTP:?QUIT?failed?with?250?O?.?發(fā)送Email失敗了....
??? *?org.springframework.mail.MailSendException:?Could?not?send?mails:?354
??? *?
??? *?com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPSendFailedException:?354
??? *?
??? *?at
??? *?com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.issueSendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1388)
??? *?at?com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.finishData(SMTPTransport.java:1215)?at
??? *?com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendMessage(SMTPTransport.java:586)
??? */
}

呵呵, 現(xiàn)在就可以發(fā)送Email了. It's easy

和發(fā)送Email比起來(lái),定時(shí)任務(wù)更簡(jiǎn)單了, 只要實(shí)現(xiàn)TimerTask類(lèi),提供一個(gè)執(zhí)行的任務(wù),然后使用Spring的任務(wù)調(diào)度類(lèi)來(lái)設(shè)置執(zhí)行的參數(shù),再使用任務(wù)觸發(fā)器來(lái)激活任務(wù)就可以了.

定義一個(gè)任務(wù)是很簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)現(xiàn)TimerTask的run方法就可以了.

如下:SayHelloTask.java

package? test.timerTask;

import? java.util.TimerTask;

public?class? SayHelloTask? extends? TimerTask?{

?? @Override
?? public?void? run()?{
???? //?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
???? System.out.println( "測(cè)試TimerTask?:?Hello?!!" );
?? }

}

然后是配置文件:

<?

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

<!

DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "spring-beans.dtd" >

<

beans >

< bean id = "sayHelloTask" class = "test.timerTask.SayHelloTask" ></ bean >

< bean id = "scheduledTask" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.timer.ScheduledTimerTask" >

< property name = "timerTask" >

< ref bean = "sayHelloTask" />

</ property >

<!-- 任務(wù)執(zhí)行周期 2m 關(guān)于一些任務(wù)的參數(shù)請(qǐng)參考JDK doc文檔和Spring相關(guān)文檔-->

< property name = "period" >

< value > 2000 </ value >

</ property >

<!-- 延時(shí)1m 執(zhí)行任務(wù) -->

< property name = "delay" >

< value > 1000 </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

<!-- 啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器 -->

< bean id = "timerBean" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.timer.TimerFactoryBean" >

< property name = "scheduledTimerTasks" >

< list >

< ref bean = "scheduledTask" />

</ list >

</ property >

</ bean >

</

beans >

測(cè)試類(lèi)如下:TestApp.java

package? test.timerTask;

import? org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import? org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public?class? TestApp?{

?? /**
??? *? @param? args
??? */
?? public?static?void? main(String[]?args)?{
???? //?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
????ApplicationContext?context?=?new?ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("test/timerTask/javaTimer.xml");
?// ??? ApplicationContext?context2?=? new? ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "test/timerTask/quartzTimer.xml" );
?? }
// 只要加載配置文件就可以了,
}

使用Java中的定時(shí)器比較簡(jiǎn)單,其提供的任務(wù)也比較簡(jiǎn)單, 下面來(lái)看看使用quartz來(lái)執(zhí)行一個(gè)復(fù)雜的任務(wù).

首先制定一個(gè)任務(wù), 實(shí)現(xiàn)QuartzJobBean中的方法.

package? test.timerTask;

import? org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import? org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import? org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

public?class? SayHelloTaskUsingQuartz? extends? QuartzJobBean?{

?? @Override
?? protected?void? executeInternal(JobExecutionContext?context)
?????? throws? JobExecutionException?{
???? //?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
???? System.out.println( "使用Quartz?認(rèn)為調(diào)度:?Hello!!" );
?? }

}

配置代碼如下:quartzTimer.xml

<?

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

<!

DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "spring-beans.dtd" >

<

beans >

< bean id = "sayHelloJob" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean" >

< property name = "jobClass" >

< value > test.timerTask.SayHelloTaskUsingQuartz </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

<!-- 關(guān)鍵在如下兩個(gè)觸發(fā)器的配置 -->

<!-- 類(lèi)似于Java的簡(jiǎn)單觸發(fā)器 -->

< bean id = "helloTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerBean" >

< property name = "jobDetail" >

< ref bean = "sayHelloJob" />

</ property >

< property name = "startDelay" >

< value > 1000 </ value >

</ property >

< property name = "repeatInterval" >

< value > 3000 </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

<!-- 復(fù)雜觸發(fā)器 -->

< bean id = "helloCronTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" >

< property name = "jobDetail" >

< ref bean = "sayHelloJob" />

</ property >

< property name = "cronExpression" >

<!-- 關(guān)鍵在配置此表達(dá)式 -->

< value > 0 49 15 * * ? </ value >

</ property >

</ bean >

< bean id = "scheduler" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" >

< property name = "triggers" >

< ref bean = "helloCronTrigger" />

</ property >

</ bean >

</

beans >

關(guān)于簡(jiǎn)單觸發(fā)器和復(fù)雜觸發(fā)器,查考下面的解釋:

Quartz設(shè)計(jì)者做了一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)選擇來(lái)從調(diào)度分離開(kāi)作業(yè)。Quartz中的觸發(fā)器用來(lái)告訴調(diào)度程序作業(yè)什么時(shí)候觸發(fā)。框架提供了一把觸發(fā)器類(lèi)型，但兩個(gè)最常用的是SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。SimpleTrigger為需要簡(jiǎn)單打火調(diào)度而設(shè)計(jì)。典型地，如果你需要在給定的時(shí)間和重復(fù)次數(shù)或者兩次打火之間等待的秒數(shù)打火一個(gè)作業(yè)，那么SimpleTrigger適合你。另一方面，如果你有許多復(fù)雜的作業(yè)調(diào)度，那么或許需要CronTrigger。

CronTrigger是基于Calendar-like調(diào)度的。當(dāng)你需要在除星期六和星期天外的每天上午10點(diǎn)半執(zhí)行作業(yè)時(shí)，那么應(yīng)該使用CronTrigger。正如它的名字所暗示的那樣，CronTrigger是基于Unix克隆表達(dá)式的。

作為一個(gè)例子，下面的Quartz克隆表達(dá)式將在星期一到星期五的每天上午10點(diǎn)15分執(zhí)行一個(gè)作業(yè)。
0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI

下面的表達(dá)式
0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005
將在2002年到2005年的每個(gè)月的最后一個(gè)星期五上午10點(diǎn)15分執(zhí)行作業(yè)。

你不可能用SimpleTrigger來(lái)做這些事情。你可以用兩者之中的任何一個(gè)，但哪個(gè)跟合適則取決于你的調(diào)度需要。

更多詳細(xì)介紹參考此處:

關(guān)于cronExpression的介紹:

　

Spring in Action 中提到的Spring就先看到這里了,Spring提供的其他的東西,如RPC , WebWork 等. 有些現(xiàn)在用不到, 有些使用其他的會(huì)更好, 用不到的等用到的時(shí)候在看了, 如 RPC, 對(duì)于WebWork我還是喜歡使用JSF, 好了,該Spring in action 筆記暫時(shí)就結(jié)束了.

總體感覺(jué)Spring 提供的很多功能還是很好用的.其AoP功能雖然還沒(méi)有用到, 但也是很好用的一個(gè)功能, 說(shuō)不定明天就要使用了, 呵呵, who knows.

posted on 2006-05-31 23:04 junky 閱讀(1983) 評(píng)論(2)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類(lèi): spring