Nouns that can be both masculine and feminine那些既可以是陽(yáng)性也可以是陰性的名詞
In general, words referring to human beings can be either masculine or feminine, depending on the sex of the person referred to. Note that the default gender is masculine when the sex of the person is unknown or irrelevant.
總體上來(lái)說(shuō)，那些涉及到人類的名詞，既可以是陽(yáng)性，也可以是陰性的，這決定于所提及的人的性別，要注意的是，這些名詞默認(rèn)的性是陽(yáng)性，假如所提及的人的性別是未知道或者是與性別毫無(wú)干系。
Nouns of this type end in -ante/-ente/-inte, e.g. estudante ‘student’, gerente ‘manager’,ouvinte ‘listener’; -cida,3 e.g. suicida ‘suicide (victim)’; -ense, e.g. canadense ‘Canadian’;-ista, e.g. dentista ‘dentist’; -ta, e.g. diplomata ‘diplomat’, idiota ‘idiot’, vietnamita ‘Vietnamese’ and some other nationalities, such as belga ‘Belgian’, etíope ‘Ethiopian’.
這類的名詞以下面結(jié)尾 -ante/-ente/-inte, e.g.estudante ‘student’學(xué)生, gerente ‘manager’經(jīng)理,ouvinte ‘listener’;聽眾 -cida, e.g. suicida ‘suicide (victim)’; 自殺行為 -ense, e.g. canadense ‘Canadian’; 加拿大人 -ista, e.g. dentista ‘dentist’;牙科醫(yī)生 -ta, e.g. diplomata ‘diplomat’外交官, idiota ‘idiot’白癡, vietnamita ‘Vietnamese’ 越南人 和其他國(guó)籍和民族群體, 例如 belga ‘Belgian’ 比利時(shí)人, etíope ‘Ethiopian’ 埃塞俄比亞人.
3 Nouns ending in -cida that refer to chemical products are masculine, e.g. inseticida ‘insecticide’.那些以-cida結(jié)尾的化學(xué)產(chǎn)品名詞是陽(yáng)性的，例如，inseticida ‘insecticide’. 殺蟲劑
Other members of this category are: caipira ‘hick’, camarada ‘mate, comrade’, chapa ‘buddy’, colega ‘friend, colleague’, comparsa ‘sidekick, partner in crime’, cúmplice ‘accomplice’, fã ‘fan’, herege ‘heretic’, intérprete ‘interpreter’, mártir ‘martyr’, modelo ‘(fashion) model’, personagem ‘character’ (in a story) and sósia ‘double, lookalike’.
這一類別的其它名詞還有caipira ‘hick’ 鄉(xiāng)下人, camarada ‘mate, comrade’ 同志, chapa ‘buddy’, 老兄colega ‘friend, colleague’朋友, comparsa ‘sidekick, partner in crime’ 死黨； 好友, cúmplice ‘accomplice’ 幫兇, fã ‘fan’, herege ‘heretic’ 異教徒, intérprete ‘interpreter’翻譯員, mártir ‘martyr’, 烈士modelo ‘(fashion) model’型號(hào), personagem ‘character’ (in a story)角色 and sósia ‘double, lookalike’. 兩面派
Note that many originally single-gender nouns become two-gender when used to refer to human beings: âncora ‘TV anchorperson’, mão de vaca (informal) ‘skinflint’, segurança ‘security guard, bodyguard’, etc.
要注意到的是，當(dāng)某些名詞涉及人類的時(shí)候，許多原來(lái)單性名詞變?yōu)榱穗p性名詞，例如âncora ‘TV anchorperson’ 電視節(jié)目主持人, mão de vaca (informal) ‘skinflint’ 吝嗇鬼，一毛不拔的人, segurança ‘security guard, bodyguard’保鏢
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