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          利用XMLBean輕輕松松讀寫XML

          作者:葉楓




          版權(quán)聲明:本文可以自由轉(zhuǎn)載,轉(zhuǎn)載時請務(wù)必以超鏈接形式標(biāo)明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明
          作者:葉楓(http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/葉楓)
          原 文:[http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html]http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html[/url]
          關(guān)鍵字:XML XMLBean Parser

          一、關(guān)于XML解析

            XML在Java應(yīng)用程序里變得越來越重要, 廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)據(jù)存儲和
          交換. 比如我們常見的配置文件,都是以XML方式存儲的. XML還應(yīng)用
          于Java Message Service和Web Services等技術(shù)作為數(shù)據(jù)交換.
          因此,正確讀寫XML文檔是XML應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ).
            Java提供了SAX和DOM兩種方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要讀寫一個
          稍微復(fù)雜的XML,也不是一件容易的事.

          二、XMLBean簡介

              Hibernate已經(jīng)成為目前流行的面向Java環(huán)境的對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具.
          在Hibernate等對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具出現(xiàn)之前,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作是
          通過JDBC來實現(xiàn)的,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的任何操作,開發(fā)人員都要自己寫SQL語句
          來實現(xiàn). 對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具出現(xiàn)后,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作轉(zhuǎn)成對
          JavaBean的操作,極大方便了數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā). 所以如果有一個類似的工具能夠
          實現(xiàn)將對XML的讀寫轉(zhuǎn)成對JavaBean的操作,將會簡化XML的讀寫,即使對XML
          不熟悉的開發(fā)人員也能方便地讀寫XML. 這個工具就是XMLBean.

          三、準(zhǔn)備XMLBean和XML文檔

             XMLBean是Apache的一個開源項目,可以從http://www.apache.org下載,
          最新的版本是2.0. 解壓后目錄如下:
          xmlbean2.0.0
               +---bin
               +---docs
               +---lib
               +---samples
               +---schemas


          另外還要準(zhǔn)備一個XML文檔(customers.xml),
          在本文的例子里,我們將對這個文檔進(jìn)行讀寫操作. 文檔源碼如下:

          <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
          <Customers>
              <customer>
                      <id>1</id>
                      <gender>female</gender>
                      <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                      <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                          <primaryAddress>
                                  <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                          </primaryAddress>
                          <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                          </billingAddress>
                      </address>
              </customer>
              <customer>
                      <id>2</id>
                      <gender>male</gender>
                      <firstname>David</firstname>
                      <lastname>Bill</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                          <primaryAddress>
                                  <postalCode>319087</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                          </primaryAddress>
                          <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Mr William</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>672993</postalCode>
                                  <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                                  <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                          </billingAddress>
                      </address>
              </customer>
          </Customers>


          這是一個客戶的數(shù)據(jù)模型,每個客戶都有客戶編號(ID),姓名,性別(gender),
          電話號碼(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有兩個: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)
          和帳單地址(BillingAddress),每個地址有郵編,地址1,和地址2組成.
          其中帳單地址還有收件人(receiver).

              此外,還要準(zhǔn)備一個配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),這個文件的
          作用我后面會講,它的內(nèi)容如下:

          <xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config">

            <xb:namespace>
              <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
            </xb:namespace>

          </xb:config>


          四、XMLBean使用步驟

              和其他面向Java環(huán)境的對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具的使用步驟一樣,
          在正式使用XMLBean前,我們要作兩個準(zhǔn)備.

              1. 生成XML Schema文件

                 什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情況下,每個XML文件都有一個Schema文件,
                 XML Schema文件是一個XML的約束文件,它定義了XML文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和元素.
                 以及對元素和結(jié)構(gòu)的約束. 通俗地講,如果說XML文件是數(shù)據(jù)庫里的記錄,
                 那么Schema就是表結(jié)構(gòu)定義.

                 為什么需要這個文件? XMLBean需要通過這個文件知道一個XML文件的
                 結(jié)構(gòu)以及約束,比如數(shù)據(jù)類型等. 利用這個Schema文件,XMLBean將會產(chǎn)生
                 一系列相關(guān)的Java Classes來實現(xiàn)對XML的操作. 而作為開發(fā)人員,則是
                 利用XMLBean產(chǎn)生的Java Classes來完成對XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.

                 怎樣產(chǎn)生這個Schema文件呢? 如果對于熟悉XML的開發(fā)人員,可以自己來
                 寫這個Schema文件,對于不熟悉XML的開發(fā)人員,可以通過一些工具來完成.
                 比較有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通過XML文件來生成Schema
                 文件. 加入我們已經(jīng)生成這個Schema文件(customer.xsd):
                

                 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                 <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                            elementFormDefault="qualified">
                   <xs:element name="Customers">
                     <xs:complexType>
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
                                     type="customerType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                     </xs:complexType>
                   </xs:element>
                 <xs:complexType name="customerType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/>
                         <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                 </xs:complexType>
                   <xs:complexType name="addressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/>
                         <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>

                   <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                         <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>
                   <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType">
                       <xs:sequence>
                             <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                         <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                       </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:complexType>
                 </xs:schema>
                


              2. 利用scomp來生成Java Classes

                 scomp是XMLBean提供的一個編譯工具,它在bin的目錄下. 通過這個工具,
                 我們可以將以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.
                 scomp的語法如下:-

                

                 scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
                


                 主要參數(shù)說明:
                 -src [dir]                  -- 生成的Java Classes存放目錄
               -srconly                  -- 不編譯Java Classes,不產(chǎn)生Jar文件
               -out [jarFileName]  -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar
                 -compiler                 -- Java編譯器的路徑,即Javac的位置
                 schemaFile.xsd    -- XML Schema文件位置
                 config.xsdconfig   -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 這個文件主要用來制定生成的Java Class
                                        的一些文件名規(guī)則和Package的名稱,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean

                 在本文,我是這樣運(yùn)行的:
                

                 scomp -src build\src  -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd
                       -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig
                


                 這個命令行的意思是告訴scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目錄下,同時
                 生成源代碼放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.

                 其實, 生成的Java源代碼沒有多大作用,我們要的是jar文件.我們先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.
                

                    CustomersDocument.java    -- 整個XML文檔的Java Class映射
                 CustomerType.java              -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)sustomer的映射
                 AddressType.java                 -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)address的映射
                 BillingAddressType.java        -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)billingAddress的映射
                 PrimaryAddressType.java      -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)primaryAddress的映射
              


                 好了,到此我們所有的準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)完成了. 下面就開始進(jìn)入重點(diǎn):利用剛才生成的jar文件讀寫XML.

          五、利用XMLBean讀XML文件

              新建一個Java Project,將XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和剛才我們生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入
              到Project的ClassPath.

              新建一個Java Class: CustomerXMLBean.  源碼如下:
              

              package com.sample.reader;

              import java.io.File;
              
              import sample.xmlbean.*;
              import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
              import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
              public class CustomerXMLBean {
              private String filename = null;
              
              public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
                      super();
                      this.filename = filename;
              }

              public void customerReader() {
                      try {
                        File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                        CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                        CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
                    
                        for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                          CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                          println("Customer#" + i);
                          println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
                          println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
                          println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
                          println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
                          println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
                          // Primary address
                          PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
                          println("PrimaryAddress:");
                          println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
                          println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
                          println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
                          // Billing address
                          BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
                          println("BillingAddress:");
                          println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
                          println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
                          println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
                          println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
                      
                        }
                      } catch (Exception ex) {
                              ex.printStackTrace();
                      }
              }
              private void println(String str) {
                    System.out.println(str);
              }
             public static void main(String[] args) {
                String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
                            
               CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                             customerXMLBean.customerReader();
              }

              }
              


              運(yùn)行它,參看輸出結(jié)果:
              

                 Customer#0
                 Customer ID:1
                 First name:Jessica
                 Last name:Lim
                 Gender:female
                 PhoneNumber:1234567
                 PrimaryAddress:
                 PostalCode:350106
                 AddressLine1:#25-1
                 AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
                 BillingAddress:
                 Receiver:Ms Danielle
                 PostalCode:350107
                 AddressLine1:#167
                 AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY

                 Customer#1
                 Customer ID:2
                 First name:David
                 Last name:Bill
                 Gender:male
                 PhoneNumber:808182
                 PrimaryAddress:
                 PostalCode:319087
                 AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
                 AddressLine2:Tima Road
                 BillingAddress:
                 Receiver:Mr William
                 PostalCode:672993
                 AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
                 AddressLine2:Tima Road
              

              怎么樣,是不是很輕松? XMLBean的威力.

          六、利用XMLBean寫XML文件

              利用XMLBean創(chuàng)建一個XML文檔也是一件輕而易舉的事.我們再增加一個Method,
              請看一下的Java Class:
              

              public void createCustomer() {
              try {
                  // Create Document
                  CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
                  // Add new customer
                  CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
                  // set customer info
                  customer.setId(3);
                  customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
                  customer.setLastname("Lim");
                  customer.setGender("female");
                  customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
                  // Add new address
                  AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
                  // Add new PrimaryAddress
                  PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
                  primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
                  primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
                  primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");

                  // Add new BillingAddress
                  BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
                  billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
                  billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
                  billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
                  billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");

                  File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                  doc.save(xmlFile);
                  } catch (Exception ex) {
                          ex.printStackTrace();
                  }

            }
              

              修改main method.
              

              public static void main(String[] args) {
              String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                  CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                  customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
              }
              

              運(yùn)行,打開customers_new.xml:
              

              <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
              <Customers>
              <customer>
                      <id>3</id>
                      <gender>female</gender>
                      <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                      <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                      <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                      <address>
                              <primaryAddress>
                                   <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                                   <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                                                 <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                              </primaryAddress>
                              <billingAddress>
                                  <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                                  <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                                 <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                                 <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                              </billingAddress>
                              </address>
                      </customer>
              </Customers>
              



          七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件

              我們再增加一個Method:
              

                public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
                   try {
                  File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                  CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                  CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
                
                  for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                     CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                    if(customer.getId()==id){
                          customer.setLastname(lastname);
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  doc.save(xmlFile);
                   } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                   }
                     }
              

              main method:
              

              public static void main(String[] args) {
               String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                              
              CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                              
              customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
              }
              

              運(yùn)行之后,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的lastname已經(jīng)改為last.

          八、利用XMLBean刪除一個customer

              再增加一個Method:
              

              public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
               try {
                File xmlFile = new File(filename);
               CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
              CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();

             for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                  CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                  if(customer.getId()==id){
                                  customer.setNil() ;
                                  break;
                         }
             }
             doc.save(xmlFile);
             } catch (Exception ex) {
                  ex.printStackTrace();
                  }
             }


                   main method:
              

              public static void main(String[] args) {
              String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                              
              CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                              
              customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
              }

                  
          運(yùn)行,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的資料已經(jīng)被刪除.

          九、查詢XML

              除了本文在以上講述的,利用XMLBean能輕輕松松完成XML的讀寫操作外,結(jié)合XPath和XQuery,
             XMLBean還能完成象SQL查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫一樣方便地查詢XML數(shù)據(jù). 關(guān)于XML查詢以及如何創(chuàng)建XML數(shù)據(jù)庫, 我將在另一篇文章里討論.



          十、結(jié)束語
              XMLBean能幫助我們輕易讀寫XML,這將有助于我們降低XML的學(xué)習(xí)和使用,有了這個基礎(chǔ),
              開發(fā)人員將為學(xué)習(xí)更多地XML相關(guān)技術(shù)和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技術(shù)打下良好地基礎(chǔ).


          關(guān)于作者:
          葉楓:熱愛Java和Oracle. 在軟件開發(fā)有近10年, 目前在國外一家美國大公司擔(dān)任SA, 負(fù)責(zé)技術(shù)研究。作者Blog:http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/葉楓
          posted on 2005-12-05 19:52 Dion 閱讀(1111) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: Java
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