C# Enumeration
/* from: http://blog.csdn.net/camel0564/archive/2008/07/31/2748420.aspx */

1、關(guān)于enum的定義
enum Fabric
{
Cotton = 1,
Silk = 2,
Wool = 4,
Rayon = 8,
Other = 128
}
2、符號(hào)名和常數(shù)值的互相轉(zhuǎn)換
 
            Fabric fab = Fabric.Cotton;
            int fabNum = (int)fab;//轉(zhuǎn)換為常數(shù)值。必須使用強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換。
            Fabric fabString = (Fabric)1;//常數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)換成符號(hào)名。如果使用ToString()，則是（（Fabric）1）.ToString()，注意必須有括號(hào)。

            string fabType = fab.ToString();//顯示符號(hào)名
            string fabVal = fab.ToString ("D");//顯示常數(shù)值
 
3、獲得所有符號(hào)名的方法（具體參見(jiàn)Enum類(lèi)）
 
        public enum MyFamily
        {
            YANGZHIPING = 1,
            GUANGUIQIN = 2,
            YANGHAORAN = 4,
            LIWEI = 8,
            GUANGUIZHI = 16,
            LISIWEN = 32,
            LISIHUA = 64,
        }
 
            foreach (string s in Enum.GetNames(typeof(MyFamily)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(s);
            }
 
4、將枚舉作為位標(biāo)志來(lái)處理
根據(jù)下面的兩個(gè)例子，粗略地說(shuō)，一方面，設(shè)置標(biāo)志[Flags]或者[FlagsAttribute]，則表明要將符號(hào)名列舉出來(lái)；另一方面，可以通過(guò)強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換，將數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換為符號(hào)名。說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)確。看下面的例子體會(huì)吧。注意：
          例一：
          Fabric fab = Fabric.Cotton | Fabric.Rayon | Fabric.Silk;
          Console.WriteLine("MyFabric = {0}", fab);//輸出：Fabric.Cotton | Fabric.Rayon | Fabric.Silk;
例二：
class FlagsAttributeDemo
{
    // Define an Enum without FlagsAttribute.
    enum SingleHue : short
    {
        Black = 0,
        Red = 1,
        Green = 2,
        Blue = 4
    };

    // Define an Enum with FlagsAttribute.
    [FlagsAttribute]
    enum MultiHue : short
    {
        Black = 0,
        Red = 1,
        Green = 2,
        Blue = 4
    };

    static void Main( )
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
            "This example of the FlagsAttribute attribute \n" +
            "generates the following output." );
        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nAll possible combinations of values of an \n" +
            "Enum without FlagsAttribute:\n" );
       
        // Display all possible combinations of values.
        for( int val = 0; val <= 8; val++ )
            Console.WriteLine( "{0,3} - {1}",  val, ( (SingleHue)val ).ToString( ) );

        Console.WriteLine(  "\nAll possible combinations of values of an \n" + "Enum with FlagsAttribute:\n" );
       
        // Display all possible combinations of values.
        // Also display an invalid value.
        for( int val = 0; val <= 8; val++ )
            Console.WriteLine ( "{0,3} - {1}",  val, ( (MultiHue)val ).ToString( ) );
    }
}

/*
This example of the FlagsAttribute attribute
generates the following output.

All possible combinations of values of an
Enum without FlagsAttribute:

  0 - Black
  1 - Red
  2 - Green
  3 - 3
  4 - Blue
  5 - 5
  6 - 6
  7 - 7
  8 - 8

All possible combinations of values of an
Enum with FlagsAttribute:

  0 - Black
  1 - Red
  2 - Green
  3 - Red, Green
  4 - Blue
  5 - Red, Blue
  6 - Green, Blue
  7 - Red, Green, Blue
  8 - 8
*/
5、枚舉作為函數(shù)參數(shù)。經(jīng)常和switch結(jié)合起來(lái)使用。下面舉例
        public static double GetPrice(Fabric fab)
        {
            switch (fab)
            {
                case Fabric.Cotton: return (3.55);
                case Fabric.Silk: return (5.65);
                case Fabric.Wool: return (4.05);
                case Fabric.Rayon: return (3.20);
                case Fabric.Other: return (2.50);
                default: return (0.0);
            }
        }

6、上面三點(diǎn)一個(gè)完整的例子

        //1、enum的定義
        public enum Fabric : short
        {
            Cotton = 1,
            Silk = 2,
            Wool = 3,
            Rayon = 8,
            Other = 128
        }

        //將枚舉作為參數(shù)傳遞
        public static double GetPrice(Fabric fab)
        {
            switch (fab)
            {
                case Fabric.Cotton: return (3.55);
                case Fabric.Silk : return (5.65);
                case Fabric.Wool: return (4.05);
                case Fabric.Rayon: return (3.20);
                case Fabric.Other: return (2.50);
                default: return (0.0);
            }
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            Fabric fab = Fabric.Cotton;
            int fabNum = (int)fab;
            string fabType = fab.ToString();
            string fabVal = fab.ToString ("D");
            double cost = GetPrice(fab);
            Console.WriteLine("fabNum = {0}\nfabType = {1}\nfabVal = {2}\n", fabNum, fabType, fabVal);
            Console.WriteLine("cost = {0}", cost);
        }

7、Enum類(lèi)的使用

Enum.IsDefinde、Enum.Parse兩種方法經(jīng)常一起使用，來(lái)確定一個(gè)值或符號(hào)是否是一個(gè)枚舉的成員，然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)例。Enum.GetName打印出一個(gè)成員的值；Enum.GetNames打印出所有成員的值。其中注意typeof的使用。這一點(diǎn)很重要。

        public enum MyFamily
        {
            YANGZHIPING = 1,
            GUANGUIQIN = 2,
            YANGHAORAN = 4,
            LIWEI = 8,
            GUANGUIZHI = 16,
            LISIWEN = 32,
            LISIHUA = 64,
        }

            string s = "YANGHAORAN";
            if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(MyFamily), s))
            {
                MyFamily f = (MyFamily)Enum.Parse(typeof(MyFamily), s);
                GetMyFamily(f);
                Console.WriteLine("The name is:" + Enum. GetName(typeof(MyFamily), 2));
                string[] sa = Enum.GetNames(typeof(MyFamily));
                foreach (string ss in sa)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ss);

8. Enumeration變量的文字描述
如果想要Enumeration返回一點(diǎn)有意義的string，從而用戶(hù)能知道分別代表什么， 則按如下定義：
using System.ComponentModel;
enum Direction
{
    [Description("this means facing to UP (Negtive Y)")]
    UP = 1,
    [Description("this means facing to RIGHT (Positive X)")]
    RIGHT = 2,
    [Description("this means facing to DOWN (Positive Y)")]
    DOWN = 3,
    [Description("this means facing to LEFT (Negtive X)")]
    LEFT = 4
};

使用如下方法來(lái)獲得文字描述：
using System.Reflection;
using System.ComponentModel;
public static String GetEnumDesc(Enum e)
{
    FieldInfo EnumInfo = e.GetType().GetField(e.ToString());
    DescriptionAttribute[] EnumAttributes = (DescriptionAttribute[]) EnumInfo.
        GetCustomAttributes (typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false);
    if (EnumAttributes.Length > 0)
    {
        return EnumAttributes[0].Description;
    }
    return e.ToString();
}

或者可以自己定義Discription Attributes:(來(lái)自：James Geurts' Blog)
enum Direction
{
    [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to UP (Negtive Y)")]
    UP = 1,
    [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to DOWN (Positive Y)")]
    DOWN = 2,
    [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to RIGHT (Positive X)")]
    RIGHT = 3,
    [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to LEFT (Negtive X)")]
    LEFT = 4
}; AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field)]
public class EnumDescriptionAttribute : Attribute
{
    private string _text = "";
    public string Text
    {
        get { return this._text; }
    }
    public EnumDescriptionAttribute(string text)
    {
        _text = text;
    }
}

本文來(lái)自CSDN博客，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)標(biāo)明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/kofkyo/archive/2009/02/04/3861359.aspx