Oracle用戶鎖定等操作
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??? 今天需要對用戶進行鎖定操作，發現居然不知道操作的命令格式，找來找去也沒找到，還是上網查一下。其實只是一個簡單的操作，就是修改密碼、用戶鎖定、密碼過期這3個操作，為了避免忘記，特地在這里記一下。最后還附有Oracle默認安裝后的用戶及意義，也了解一下。
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Change Oracle passwords, expire, and lock unnecessary users
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There are many users on a full installation of Oracle, most of which you probably won't need. To lock an Oracle user account, you can use the following command:
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alter user username account lock;
To unlock the user, simply replace 'lock' with 'unlock'.
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Oracle comes with a few default accounts that should never be locked or dropped. These include: SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN (Oracle 10g), OUTLN(can't?). However, you do want always to change the password for these users. The default password for SYS is change_on_install. It is important that you follow these directions. To change the password for a user:
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alter user username identified by new_password;
For non-critical users, you can always lock and expire the account. We can change the password for, lock, and expire the account CTXSYS all at once:
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alter user ctxsys identified by 0bscur3 account lock password expire;
This will ensure that CTXSYS password has been changed from the self evident default of CTXSYS; on a successful login the password will have to be changed (because it is expired); and because it is locked, he account can't be logged into under any circumstances.
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To aid you in this task, here is a list of users that come with a full database installation that are safe to expire and lock if you are not using their functionality:
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AURORA$ORB$UNAUTHENTICATED - Jserver user
BI - demo user
CTXSYS - Oracle Text/interMedia administrator
DBSNMP - Oracle Intelligent Agent
DSSYS - Dynamic Services and Syndication Server
HR - demo user
MDSYS - Spatial administrator
ORDSYS/ORDPLUGIN - Object Relational Data user
OE - demo user
PERFSTAT - Statspack administrative user
SCOTT - demo user
SH - demo user
TRACESVR - Oracle trace server
WKSYS - Ultrasearch administrator
The best rule of thumb is to install only the features you need when you install Oracle. If you are not going to use Spatial, interMedia, or UltraSearch, don't install them. Then you will not have to worry about those three users.
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