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          ORACLE函數大全
          常用oracle函數

          SQL中的單記錄函數
          1.ASCII
          返回與指定的字符對應的十進制數;
          SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
          ??????? A???????? A????? ZERO???? SPACE
          --------- --------- --------- ---------
          ?????? 65??????? 97??????? 48??????? 32


          2.CHR
          給出整數,返回對應的字符;
          SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

          ZH C
          -- -
          趙 A

          3.CONCAT
          連接兩個字符串;
          SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'轉23'? 高乾競電話 from dual;

          高乾競電話
          ----------------
          010-88888888轉23

          4.INITCAP
          返回字符串并將字符串的第一個字母變為大寫;
          SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

          UPP
          -----
          Smith


          5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
          在一個字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發現指定的字符的位置;
          C1??? 被搜索的字符串
          C2??? 希望搜索的字符串
          I???? 搜索的開始位置,默認為1
          J???? 出現的位置,默認為1
          SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

          ?INSTRING
          ---------
          ??????? 9


          6.LENGTH
          返回字符串的長度;
          SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;

          NAME?? LENGTH(NAME) ADDR???????????? LENGTH(ADDR)?????? SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
          ------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
          高乾競??????????? 3 北京市海錠區??????????????? 6?? 9999.99??????????????????? 7

          ?

          7.LOWER
          返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫
          SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

          AABBCCDD
          --------
          aabbccdd


          8.UPPER
          返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫
          SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

          UPPER
          --------
          AABBCCDD

          ?

          9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)
          RPAD? 在列的右邊粘貼字符
          LPAD? 在列的左邊粘貼字符
          SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

          LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
          -----------------
          *******gao*******
          不夠字符則用*來填滿


          10.LTRIM和RTRIM
          LTRIM? 刪除左邊出現的字符串
          RTRIM? 刪除右邊出現的字符串
          SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('?? gao qian jing?? ',' '),' ') from dual;

          LTRIM(RTRIM('
          -------------
          gao qian jing


          11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
          取子字符串,從start開始,取count個
          SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

          SUBSTR('
          --------
          08888888


          12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
          string?? 希望被替換的字符或變量
          s1?????? 被替換的字符串
          s2?????? 要替換的字符串
          SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

          REPLACE('H
          ----------
          i love you


          13.SOUNDEX
          返回一個與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串
          SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
          SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
          SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
          SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

          SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

          XM
          --------
          weather
          wether


          14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
          LEADING?? 剪掉前面的字符
          TRAILING? 剪掉后面的字符
          如果不指定,默認為空格符

          15.ABS
          返回指定值的絕對值
          SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

          ?ABS(100) ABS(-100)
          --------- ---------
          ????? 100?????? 100


          16.ACOS
          給出反余弦的值
          SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

          ?ACOS(-1)
          ---------
          3.1415927


          17.ASIN
          給出反正弦的值
          SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

          ASIN(0.5)
          ---------
          .52359878


          18.ATAN
          返回一個數字的反正切值
          SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

          ? ATAN(1)
          ---------
          .78539816


          19.CEIL
          返回大于或等于給出數字的最小整數
          SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

          CEIL(3.1415927)
          ---------------
          ????????????? 4


          20.COS
          返回一個給定數字的余弦
          SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

          COS(-3.1415927)
          ---------------
          ???????????? -1


          21.COSH
          返回一個數字反余弦值
          SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

          ?COSH(20)
          ---------
          242582598


          22.EXP
          返回一個數字e的n次方根
          SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

          ?? EXP(2)??? EXP(1)
          --------- ---------
          7.3890561 2.7182818


          23.FLOOR
          對給定的數字取整數
          SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

          FLOOR(2345.67)
          --------------
          ????????? 2345


          24.LN
          返回一個數字的對數值
          SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

          ??? LN(1)???? LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
          --------- --------- -------------
          ??????? 0 .69314718???? .99999999


          25.LOG(n1,n2)
          返回一個以n1為底n2的對數
          SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

          ?LOG(2,1)? LOG(2,4)
          --------- ---------
          ??????? 0???????? 2


          26.MOD(n1,n2)
          返回一個n1除以n2的余數
          SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

          MOD(10,3)? MOD(3,3)? MOD(2,3)
          --------- --------- ---------
          ??????? 1???????? 0???????? 2


          27.POWER
          返回n1的n2次方根
          SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

          POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
          ----------- ----------
          ?????? 1024???????? 27


          28.ROUND和TRUNC
          按照指定的精度進行舍入
          SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

          ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
          ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
          ???????? 56????????? -55????????? 55????????? -55


          29.SIGN
          取數字n的符號,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
          SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

          SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)?? SIGN(0)
          --------- ---------- ---------
          ??????? 1???????? -1???????? 0


          30.SIN
          返回一個數字的正弦值
          SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

          SIN(1.57079)
          ------------
          ?????????? 1


          31.SIGH
          返回雙曲正弦的值
          SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

          ? SIN(20)? SINH(20)
          --------- ---------
          .91294525 242582598


          32.SQRT
          返回數字n的根
          SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

          ?SQRT(64)? SQRT(10)
          --------- ---------
          ??????? 8 3.1622777


          33.TAN
          返回數字的正切值
          SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

          ? TAN(20)?? TAN(10)
          --------- ---------
          2.2371609 .64836083


          34.TANH
          返回數字n的雙曲正切值
          SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

          ?TANH(20)?? TAN(20)
          --------- ---------
          ??????? 1 2.2371609

          ?

          35.TRUNC
          按照指定的精度截取一個數
          SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

          ?? TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
          --------- ------------------
          ????? 100???????????? 124.16

          ?

          36.ADD_MONTHS
          增加或減去月份
          SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

          TO_CHA
          ------
          200002
          SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

          TO_CHA
          ------
          199910


          37.LAST_DAY
          返回日期的最后一天
          SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

          TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
          ---------- ----------
          2004.05.09 2004.05.10
          SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

          LAST_DAY(S
          ----------
          31-5月 -04


          38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
          給出date2-date1的月份
          SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

          MON_BETWEEN
          -----------
          ????????? 9
          SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

          ?MON_BETW
          ---------
          ????? -60


          39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
          給出在this時區=other時區的日期和時間
          SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
          ? 2? (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

          BJ_TIME???????????? LOS_ANGLES
          ------------------- -------------------
          2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32


          40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
          給出日期date和星期x之后計算下一個星期的日期
          SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

          NEXT_DAY
          ----------
          25-5月 -01

          ?

          41.SYSDATE
          用來得到系統的當前日期
          SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

          TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
          -----------------
          09-05-2004 星期日
          trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截斷,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截斷秒
          SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
          ? 2? to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

          HH????????????????? HHMM
          ------------------- -------------------
          2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00

          ?

          42.CHARTOROWID
          將字符數據類型轉換為ROWID類型
          SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

          ROWID????????????? ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
          ------------------ ------------------ ----------
          AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
          AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
          AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
          AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES


          43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
          將源字符串 sset從一個語言字符集轉換到另一個目的dset字符集
          SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

          conver
          ------
          strutz


          44.HEXTORAW
          將一個十六進制構成的字符串轉換為二進制


          45.RAWTOHEXT
          將一個二進制構成的字符串轉換為十六進制

          ?

          46.ROWIDTOCHAR
          將ROWID數據類型轉換為字符類型

          ?

          47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
          SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

          TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
          -------------------
          2004/05/09 21:14:41

          ?

          48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
          將字符串轉化為ORACLE中的一個日期


          49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
          將字符串中的單字節字符轉化為多字節字符
          SQL>? select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

          TO
          --


          50.TO_NUMBER
          將給出的字符轉換為數字
          SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

          ???? YEAR
          ---------
          ???? 1999


          51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
          指定一個外部二進制文件
          SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));


          52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
          將x字段或變量的源source轉換為desc
          SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
          ? 2? 0,'none',
          ? 3? 2,'insert',
          ? 4? 3,
          ? 5? 'select',
          ? 6? 6,'update',
          ? 7? 7,'delete',
          ? 8? 8,'drop',
          ? 9? 'other') cmd? from v$session where type!='background';

          ????? SID?? SERIAL# USERNAME?????????????????????? CMD
          --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
          ??????? 1???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 2???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 3???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 4???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 5???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 6???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 7????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 8????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none
          ??????? 9??????? 20 GAO??????????????????????????? select
          ?????? 10??????? 40 GAO??????????????????????????? none


          53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
          DUMP函數以fmt指定的內部數字格式返回一個VARCHAR2類型的值
          SQL> col global_name for a30
          SQL> col dump_string for a50
          SQL> set lin 200
          SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

          GLOBAL_NAME??????????????????? DUMP_STRING
          ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
          ORACLE.WORLD?????????????????? Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D


          54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
          這兩個函數都是用來對大數據類型字段進行初始化操作的函數

          55.GREATEST
          返回一組表達式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大小.
          SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

          GR
          --
          AC
          SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;

          GR
          --


          56.LEAST
          返回一組表達式中的最小值
          SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;

          LE
          --


          57.UID
          返回標識當前用戶的唯一整數
          SQL> show user
          USER 為"GAO"
          SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

          USERNAME???????????????????????? USER_ID
          ------------------------------ ---------
          GAO?????????????????????????????????? 25

          ?

          58.USER
          返回當前用戶的名字
          SQL> select user from? dual;

          USER
          ------------------------------
          GAO


          59.USEREVN
          返回當前用戶環境的信息,opt可以是:
          ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
          ISDBA? 查看當前用戶是否是DBA如果是則返回true
          SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

          USEREN
          ------
          FALSE
          SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

          USEREN
          ------
          TRUE
          SESSION
          返回會話標志
          SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

          USERENV('SESSIONID')
          --------------------
          ???????????????? 152
          ENTRYID
          返回會話人口標志
          SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

          USERENV('ENTRYID')
          ------------------
          ???????????????? 0
          INSTANCE
          返回當前INSTANCE的標志
          SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

          USERENV('INSTANCE')
          -------------------
          ????????????????? 1
          LANGUAGE
          返回當前環境變量
          SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

          USERENV('LANGUAGE')
          ----------------------------------------------------
          SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
          LANG
          返回當前環境的語言的縮寫
          SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

          USERENV('LANG')
          ----------------------------------------------------
          ZHS
          TERMINAL
          返回用戶的終端或機器的標志
          SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

          USERENV('TERMINA
          ----------------
          GAO
          VSIZE(X)
          返回X的大小(字節)數
          SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

          VSIZE(USER) USER
          ----------- ------------------------------
          ????????? 6 SYSTEM

          ?

          60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
          all表示對所有的值求平均值,distinct只對不同的值求平均值
          SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
          語句已處理。
          SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
          SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
          SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
          SQLWKS> commit;

          SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;

          AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
          ----------------
          ???????? 3333.33

          SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;

          AVG(ALLSAL)
          -----------
          ??? 2592.59


          61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
          求最大值,ALL表示對所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
          SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

          MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
          ----------------
          ??????????? 5000


          62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
          求最小值,ALL表示對所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
          SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;

          MIN(ALLSAL)
          -----------
          ??? 1111.11


          63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
          求標準差,ALL表示對所有的值求標準差,DISTINCT表示只對不同的值求標準差
          SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;

          STDDEV(SAL)
          -----------
          ? 1182.5032

          SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

          STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
          -------------------
          ?????????? 1229.951

          ?

          64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
          求協方差

          SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;

          VARIANCE(SAL)
          -------------
          ??? 1398313.9


          65.GROUP BY
          主要用來對一組數進行統計
          SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;

          ?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL)
          --------- --------- ---------
          ?????? 10???????? 3????? 8750
          ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875
          ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400

          ?

          66.HAVING
          對分組統計再加限制條件
          SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;

          ?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL)
          --------- --------- ---------
          ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875
          ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400
          SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;

          ?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL)
          --------- --------- ---------
          ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875
          ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400


          67.ORDER BY
          用于對查詢到的結果進行排序輸出
          SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;

          ?? DEPTNO ENAME??????????? SAL
          --------- ---------- ---------
          ?????? 10 KING??????????? 5000
          ?????? 10 CLARK?????????? 2450
          ?????? 10 MILLER????????? 1300
          ?????? 20 SCOTT?????????? 3000
          ?????? 20 FORD??????????? 3000
          ?????? 20 JONES?????????? 2975
          ?????? 20 ADAMS?????????? 1100
          ?????? 20 SMITH??????????? 800
          ?????? 30 BLAKE?????????? 2850
          ?????? 30 ALLEN?????????? 1600
          ?????? 30 TURNER????????? 1500
          ?????? 30 WARD??????????? 1250
          ?????? 30 MARTIN????????? 1250
          ?????? 30 JAMES??????????? 950


            * SQL Group Function
          *
          ?s (num can be a column or ex

          ?pression)          


            (null values are ign
          *
          ?ored, default between distin

          ?ct and all is all)      


            ********************
          ***************
          ?****************************

          ?****************


            AVG([distinct or all] num)   
          ?-- average value
          ?
            COUNT(distinct or all] num)  
          ?-- number of values
          ?
            MAX([distinct or all
          ?] num)   -- maximum value
          ?
          ?
            MAX([distinct or all] num)   
          ?-- minimum value
          ?
            STDDEV([distinct or
          ?all] num)  -- standard devi
          ?ation
          ?
            SUM([distinct or all
          ?] num)   -- sum of values
          ?
          ?
            VARIANCE([distinct o
          ?r all] num) -- variance of v
          ?alues
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            * Miscellaneaous Functions :  
          *
          ?                       


            ********************
          ***************
          ?****************************

          ?****************


            DECODE(expr, srch1,
          ?return1 [,srch2, return2...]
          ?, default]
          ?
                -- if no search matches t
          ?he expression then the default is returned,
          ?
                -- otherwise,
          ?the first search that match
          ?es will cause
          ?
                -- the corres
          ?ponding return value to be r
          ?eturned
          ?
            DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p
          ?os [, length]]])
          ?
               -- returns an
          column
          ?internal oracle format, used

          ?for getting info about a


               -- format options : 8 = oc
          ?tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters
          ?
               -- return type
          ?codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n
          ?umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,
          ?
               --  23 = raw,
          ?24 = long raw, 69 = rowid,
          ?96 = char, 106 = mlslabel
          ?
            GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]???????
               -- returns the largest val
          ?ue of all expressions
          ?
            LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]?????????????
               -- returns the
          ?smallest value of all expre
          ?ssions
          ?
            NVL(expr1 ,expr2?????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- if expr1 is not null, i
          ?t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned
          ?
            SQLCODE???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns sql error code
          query,
          ?of last error. Can not be used directly in


               -- value must
          ?be set to local variable fir
          ?st
          ?
            SQLERRM???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns sql
          in query,
          ?error message of last error

          ?. Can not be used directly


               -- value must be set to lo
          ?cal variable first
          ?
            UID???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns the user id of
          ?the user you are logged on as
          ?
               -- useful in s
          ?electing information from lo
          ?w level sys tables
          ?
            USER?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns the
          ?user name of the user you a
          ?re logged on as
          ?
            USERENV('option')???????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns inf
          ?ormation about the user you
          ?are logged on as
          ?
               -- options : E
          ?NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL,
          ?LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA
          ?
               --      (
          ?all options not available in
          ?all Oracle versions)
          ?
            VSIZE(expr)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
               -- returns the number of b
          ?ytes used by the expression
          ?
               -- useful in s
          ?electing information about t
          ?able space requirements
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************
          ***************
          ?****************************

          ?****************


            * SQL Date Functions (dt represe
          *
          ?nts oracle date and time)          


            * (functions return
          *
          ?an oracle date unless otherw

          ?ise specified)        


            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)
          ?   -- adds num months to
          ?dt (num can be negative)
          ?
            LAST_DAY(dt)    
          ?   -- last day of month in
          ?month containing dt
          ?
            MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu
          dt2
          ?rns fractional value of months between dt1,


            NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz
          zone 2
          ?2)  -- dt = date in time zo

          ?ne 1, returns date in time


            NEXT_DAY(dt, str)    -- date
          etc..)
          ?of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',


            SYSDATE         -- present system date?
            ROUND(dt [,fmt]     -- roun
          ?ds dt as specified by format fmt
          ?
            TRUNC(dt [,fmt]  
          ?   -- truncates dt as spe
          ?cified by format fmt
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            * Number Functions :      
          *
          ?                       


            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            ABS(num)       -- absolute
          ?value of num
          ?
            CEIL(num)      -- smallest integer > or = num?

            COS(num)       -- cosine(n
          ?um), num in radians
          ?
            COSH(num)     
          ? -- hyperbolic cosine(num)
          ?
          ?
            EXP(num)      
          ?-- e raised to the num powe
          ?r
          ?
            FLOOR(num)      -- largest
          ?integer < or = num
          ?
            LN(num)       -- natural
          ?logarithm of num
          ?
            LOG(num2, num1)   -- logarith
          ?m base num2 of num1
          ?
            MOD(num2, num1)   -- remainde
          ?r of num2 / num1
          ?
            POWER(num2, num1) 
          ? -- num2 raised to the num1
          ?power
          ?
            ROUND(num1 [,num2]  -- num1 rou
          ?nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)
          ?
            SIGN(num)      -- sign of
          ?num * 1, 0 if num = 0
          ?
            SIN(num)      
          ?-- sin(num), num in radians
          ?
          ?
            SINH(num)      -- hyperbolic sine(num)?
            SQRT(num)      -- square root of num?????
            TAN(num)       -- tangent(
          ?num), num in radians
          ?
            TANH(num)     
          ? -- hyperbolic tangent(num)
          ?
          ?
            TRUNC(num1 [,num2]  -- truncate
          ?num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            * String Functions,
          *
          ?String Result :      

          ?               


            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            (num)          -- ASCII
          ?character for num
          ?
            CHR(num)      
          ?  -- ASCII character for n
          ?um
          ?
            CONCAT(str1, str2)   -- str1
          ?concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)
          ?
            INITCAP(str)    
          ?  -- capitalize first lett
          ?er of each word in str
          ?
            LOWER(str)       -- str w
          ?ith all letters in lowercase
          ?
            LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left
          spaces)
          ?pad str1 to length num with str2 (default


            LTRIM(str [,set]) 
          ?   -- remove set from left
          ?side of str (default spaces)
          ?
            NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl
          ?s_val]) -- same as initcap f
          ?or different languages
          ?
            NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_
          ?val])  -- same as lower for
          ?different languages
          ?
            REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r
          ?eplaces str2 with str3 in str1
          ?
                           --
          ?deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted
          ?
            RPAD(str1, num [,str
          (default spaces)
          ?2])   -- right pad str1 to

          ?length num with str2


            RTRIM(str [,set]) 
          spaces)
          ?     -- remove set from

          ?right side of str (default


            SOUNDEX(str)    
          ?    -- phonetic represen
          ?tation of str
          ?
            SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n
          ?um1])  -- substring of str,
          ?starting with num2,
          ?
                           --
          omitted)
          ?num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is


            SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,
          bytes
          ?num1]) -- same as substr bu

          ?t num1, num2 expressed in


            TRANSLATE(str, set1,
          ?set2) -- replaces set1 in
          ?str with set2
          ?
                           --
          truncated
          ?if set2 is longer than set1, it will be


            UPPER(str)     
          ?    -- str with all lett
          ?ers in uppercase
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************
          ***************
          ?****************************

          ?****************


            * String Functions,
          *
          ?Numeric Result :      

          ?               


            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ASCII(str)           
          ? -- ASCII value of str
          ?
            INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]
          ?) -- position of num2th occurrence of
          ?
                            
          ?  -- str2 in str1, starting at num1
          ?
                            
          ?  -- (num1, num2 default to 1)
          ?
            INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]

          ?) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2


            LENGTH(str)    
          ?        -- number of
          ?characters in str
          ?
            LENGTHB(str)          
          ? -- number of bytes in str
          ?
            NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])    
          ?  -- nls_val byte value of str
          ?
             ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            * SQL Conversion Functions   
          *
          ?                       


            ********************************
          ***********************
          ?************************


            CHARTOROWID(str)        
          ?  -- converts str to ROWID
          ?
            CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1
          ?]) -- converts str to chr_set2
          ?
                      
          character set
          ?        -- chr_set1

          ?default is the datbase


            HEXTORAW(str)   
          ?  -- converts hex string va
          ?lue to internal raw values
          ?
            RAWTOHEX(raw_val)   -- convert
          ?s raw hex value to hex string value
          ?
            ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) 
          ? -- converts rowid to 18 ch
          ?aracter string format
          ?
            TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])
          fmt
          ? -- converts expr(date or n

          ?umber) to format specified by

          posted on 2006-03-25 20:17 MEYE 閱讀(1907) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: NET

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