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SQL
??????? mysqlshow?? 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)查詢(xún)
??????? mysqlaccess 用戶權(quán)限查詢(xún)
??????? mysqladmin? 超級(jí)用戶管理工具
??????? mysqldump?????? dump工具
??????? isamchk???????? 檢查,優(yōu)化,修補(bǔ)數(shù)據(jù)工具
??????? mysqlimport 從txt文件輸入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
??????? mysql_install_db??????? 系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝腳本
??????? mysqld????????? 守護(hù)進(jìn)程???????????????
??????? safe_mysqld???? 啟動(dòng)腳本
???????
??????? 1.未在db表中列出的任意數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),user表中的權(quán)限都為有效.
??????? 可只在user表中設(shè)置某些superuser的權(quán)限,而在db表中不涉及.
??????? 2.host只用來(lái)維護(hù)有效的server,缺省為空表,即為局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)
??????? 的所有機(jī)器.
??????? 3.可用mysql -u root mysql命令修改權(quán)限.
??????? 4.權(quán)限匹配時(shí)遵循的原則是:
??????????????? a. 表順序: host -> db -> user;
??????????????? b. host和db域可有通配符%和_,表示所有和單個(gè)字符;
??????????????? c. 同一表中,也是 host->db->user域的順序,無(wú)通配符優(yōu)
??????????????? 于有通配符;
??????????????? d. user域?yàn)榭?''),表示匹配所有其他的用戶;
??????????????? e. host可為機(jī)器名,localhost,IP,或通配符(如192.10.10.%),
??????????????????????? 但不允許用數(shù)字和點(diǎn)號(hào)開(kāi)頭(如123.321.1.edu.cn);
??????????????? f. 各表中的權(quán)限最后相"或";
??????? 5.修改完之后,執(zhí)行mysqladmin -u root reload更新.?
????????
???????
Tomcat配置
如果出現(xiàn)
Unable to find a javac compiler;
com.sun.tools.javac.Main is not on the classpath.
Perhaps JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK
...
Tomcat ClassPath配置如下：
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 5.0\bin\bootstrap.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\lib\tools.jar
MySQL配置
c:\mysql\bin>mysqld //啟動(dòng)mysql的服務(wù)進(jìn)程
c:\mysql\bin\mysql -uroot? //連接到mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
mysql>update user set password=PASSWORD('<new_root_password>') where user='root';
mysql>flush privileges;
上面的操作是修改root用戶的密碼，'<new_root_password>'是你設(shè)置的密碼。
mysql>create database gamedb; //創(chuàng)建gamedb庫(kù)
mysql>connect gamedb; ? //連接到gamedb庫(kù)
mysql>source gamedb.sql; ???????????? //gamedb初始化建表
??? mysql>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER,
??????????????? CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, LOCK TABLES,
??????????????? CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
??????????????? ON gamedb.* TO gamedb@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '<gamedb_password>';
mysql>flush privileges;
上面是建立gamedb用戶，<gamedb_password>為gamedb用戶的密碼。
mysql>exit; //退出
?
下載MySQL JDBC
Connector/J 3.0.15-ga (MySQL.com提供的JDBC Driver)
下載地址:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/3.0.html
安裝JDBC
mysql-connector-java-3.0.15-ga.zip解壓后將mysql-connector-java-3.0.15-ga-bin.jar 復(fù)制到%TOMCAT_HOME%\common\lib下
配置Tomcat
假設(shè)：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：gamedb 用戶名：gamedb 密碼：gamedb
第一步: http://127.0.0.1:8080，進(jìn)入tomcat頁(yè)，用tomcat的 Tomcat Administration--->Resources--->Data Sources頁(yè)面添加，參數(shù)如下：
JNDI Name:???????? jdbc/mysql
Data Source URL:?? jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gamedb?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GB2312
JDBC Driver Class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
User Name:???????? gamedb
Password:????????? gamedb
Max. Active Connections: 4
Max. Idle Connections:?? 2
Max. Wait for Connection:5000
Validation Query ：//不添
第二步: 試頁(yè)內(nèi)加入代碼你自己在mysql里建個(gè)表檢單測(cè)試一下吧，我這里以ght_users表為例，在你的應(yīng)用下做一個(gè)測(cè)試用的test.jsp，然后http訪問(wèn)這個(gè)jsp頁(yè)，test.jsp代碼如下
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset=gb2312" %>
<%@ page import = "java.sql.*" %>
<%@ page import = "javax.naming.*" %>
<%@ page import = "javax.sql.*" %>
<%
Context ctx=null;
DataSource ds=null;
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
try{
?ctx = new InitialContext();
?if( ctx == null )
??out.println("no context");
?ds = (DataSource) ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/mysql");
?if( ds == null )
??out.println("no datasource");
?conn = ds.getConnection();
?stmt = conn.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
??ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
?String strSql = " select * from ght_users";
?rs = stmt.executeQuery(strSql);
?while(rs.next()){
??out.println(rs.getString(1));
?}
}
catch(Exception ex){
?ex.printStackTrace();
?out.println(ex.toString());
}
finally{
?if( rs != null )
??rs.close();
?if( stmt != null )
??stmt.close();
?if( conn != null)
??conn.close();
?if( ctx != null )
??ctx.close();
}
%>
?
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題
Q:出現(xiàn)javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name jdbc is not bound in this Context
A: 在yourWebApp\WEB-INF\web.xml中增加
??? <resource-ref>
??????? <description>jdbc/mysql</description>
??????? <res-ref-name>jdbc/mysql</res-ref-name>
??????? <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
??????? <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
??? </resource-ref>
Q:出現(xiàn)org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create JDBC driver of class '?' for onnect URL 'null'，這是為什么？
A: 在%TOMCAT_HOME%\conf\Catalina\localhost下找到你的web應(yīng)用對(duì)應(yīng)的.xml文件，如test.xml，并在此文件的下添入代碼：
<ResourceLink name="jdbc/mysql" global="jdbc/mysql" type="javax.sql.DataSourcer"/>
重啟tomcat。
注意：
for tomcat-5.0.18
i use ROOT in tomcat as by web app i put the following entry in E:\jakarta-tomcat-5.0.18\conf\Catalina\localhost\ROOT.xml file
for tomcat-4.1.18
i use ROOT in tomcat as my webapp i put the following entry in E:\qrules\tomcat\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.18\conf\server.xml
<ResourceLink name="jdbc/quickstart" type="javax.sql.DataSource" global="jdbc/quickstart"/>
Web界面配DBCP時(shí)，生成的是服務(wù)器的全局JNDI資源，查看%TOMCAT_HOME%\conf\server.xml可以得知tomcat修改了server.xml，在<server>下的<GlobalNamingResources>下添入了一些數(shù)據(jù)后的server.xml：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server>
? <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener"/>
? <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/>
? <GlobalNamingResources>
??? <Environment name="simpleValue" type="java.lang.Integer" value="30"/>
??? <Resource auth="Container" description="User database that can be updated and saved" name="UserDatabase" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/>
??? <Resource name="jdbc/mysql" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
??? <ResourceParams name="UserDatabase">
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>factory</name>
??????? <value>org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>pathname</name>
??????? <value>conf/tomcat-users.xml</value>
????? </parameter>
??? </ResourceParams>
??? <ResourceParams name="jdbc/mysql">
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>maxWait</name>
??????? <value>5000</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>maxActive</name>
??????? <value>4</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>password</name>
??????? <value>gamedb</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>url</name>
??????? <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gamedb?autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GB2312</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>driverClassName</name>
??????? <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>maxIdle</name>
??????? <value>2</value>
????? </parameter>
????? <parameter>
??????? <name>username</name>
??????? <value>gamedb</value>
????? </parameter>
?? <parameter>
???? <name>factory</name>
???? <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
?? </parameter>
??? </ResourceParams>
? </GlobalNamingResources>
? <Service name="Catalina">
??? <Connector acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" port="8080" redirectPort="8443" maxSpareThreads="75" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25">
??? </Connector>
??? <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" protocolHandlerClassName="org.apache.jk.server.JkCoyoteHandler" redirectPort="8443">
??? </Connector>
??? <Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
????? <Host appBase="webapps" name="localhost">
??????? <Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" prefix="localhost_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true"/>
????? </Host>
????? <Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" prefix="catalina_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true"/>
????? <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"/>
??? </Engine>
? </Service>
</Server>
?
Q:如何配制DBCP只應(yīng)用于指定的web application呢？
A：tomcat 5.x以后將web application的從server.xml里分離了出來(lái)，放在了 %TOMCAT_HOME%\conf\Catalina\localhost下，如你的應(yīng)用為test, 那么在這個(gè)目錄下就會(huì)有一個(gè)相應(yīng)的test.xml與之對(duì)應(yīng)，如：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Context displayName="Tomcat Test Application"
? docBase="C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 5.5/server/webapps/test" path="/test" privileged="true" workDir="work\Catalina\localhost\test">
? ...
</Context>
?
Q:我如何解決中亂碼問(wèn)題？
A：在配制mysql的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)url時(shí)我們加入了useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GB2312參數(shù)，指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編碼方式為GB2312，其它還需要做的就是常用的一些方式，如指定 <%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset=gb2312" %>、使用filter等，這方面的資料很多，這里不再累述。
這里需要注意的是url中的“&“符號(hào)，如果手動(dòng)在.xml內(nèi)配制時(shí)，需將其轉(zhuǎn)換為“&”
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