Yanger(y-ge@263.net)?
開發環境:?
Java?SDK?(I?am?currently?using?version?1.4.1)?
Ant?(using?version?1.5.3)
Apache?Tomcat?(using?version?4.1.24)
您可以用功能相同的任何容器或者java運行環境?
第1步:開發路徑?
為了保留我們的開發中每一步的流程，我們將保存所有的源碼和文件。?
首先，我們創建一個springapp的目錄（你可以將這個目錄建在任何地方）,然后，在springapp目錄下創建子目錄src,用來保存java資源文件。然后我們建立另一個子目錄war，這個目錄將保存生成的war文件。?
建立WEB-INF子目錄，和它的classes，lib子目錄。?
OK,你的目錄應該這個樣子：?
代碼:?
-spirngapp?
??-WEB-INF?
??????-classes?
??????-lib?
??-src?
??-war?
第2步:創建jsp?
我們創建一個jsp文件-index.jsp在springapp目錄下,這將是我們應用程序的入口.?
代碼:?
springapp/index.jsp?
<html>?
<head><title>Example?::?Spring?Application</title></head>?
<body>?
<h1>Example?-?Spring?Application</h1>?
<p>This?is?my?test.</p>?
</body>?
</html>??????
現在，我們來完成這個web應用,在WEB-INF下建立web.xml文件?
代碼:?
springapp/WEB-INF/web.xml?
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>?
<!DOCTYPE?web-app?PUBLIC?'-//Sun?Microsystems,?Inc.//DTD?Web?Application?2.3//EN'?'http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd'>?
<web-app>?
??<welcome-file-list>?
????<welcome-file>?
??????index.jsp?
????</welcome-file>?
??</welcome-file-list>?
</web-app>?
第3步:部署這個應用到Tomcat?
現在我們來寫Ant腳本文件，用于建立，部署，控制這個應用.?
代碼:?
springapp/build.xml?
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="gb2312"?>?
<project?name="springapp"?basedir="."?default="usage">?
????<property?file="build.properties"/>?
????<property?name="src.dir"?value="src"/>?
????<property?name="web.dir"?value="war"/>?
????<property?name="build.dir"?value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>?
????<property?name="name"?value="springapp"/>?
????<path?id="master-classpath">?
????????<fileset?dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">?
????????????<include?name="*.jar"/>?
????????</fileset>?
????????<fileset?dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">?
????????????<include?name="servlet.jar"/>?
????????</fileset>?
????</path>?
????<target?name="usage">?
????????<echo?message=""/>?
????????<echo?message="${name}?build?file"/>?
????????<echo?message="-----------------------------------"/>?
????????<echo?message=""/>?
????????<echo?message="Available?targets?are:"/>?
????????<echo?message=""/>?
????????<echo?message="build???????-->?建立應用"/>?
????????<echo?message="deploy?????-->?部署應用"/>?
????????<echo?message="deploywar?-->?部署war文件"/>?
????????<echo?message="install???-->?安裝應用"/>?
????????<echo?message="reload???-->?重載應用"/>?
????????<echo?message="start??????-->?啟動Tomcat?application"/>?
????????<echo?message="stop??????-->?停止?Tomcat?application"/>?
????????<echo?message="list????????-->??列表?Tomcat?applications"/>?
????????<echo?message=""/>?
????</target>?
<!--?===========================================================?-->?
<!--?spring?tasks?by?yanger?2003-11?-->?
<!--?===========================================================?-->?
????<target?name="build"?description="Compile?main?source?tree?java?files">?
????????<mkdir?dir="${build.dir}"/>?
????????<javac?destdir="${build.dir}"?target="1.3"?debug="true"?
???????????????deprecation="false"?optimize="false"?failonerror="true">?
????????????<src?path="${src.dir}"/>?
????????????<classpath?refid="master-classpath"/>?
????????</javac>?
????</target>?
????<target?name="deploy"?depends="build"?description="Deploy?application">?
????????<copy?todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${name}"?preservelastmodified="true">?
????????????<fileset?dir="${web.dir}">?
????????????????<include?name="**/*.*"/>?
????????????</fileset>?
????????</copy>?
????</target>?
????<target?name="deploywar"?depends="build"?description="Deploy?application?as?a?WAR?file">?
????????<war?destfile="${name}.war"?
?????????????webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">?
????????????<fileset?dir="${web.dir}">?
????????????????<include?name="**/*.*"/>?
????????????</fileset>?
????????</war>?
????????<copy?todir="${deploy.path}"?preservelastmodified="true">?
????????????<fileset?dir=".">?
????????????????<include?name="*.war"/>?
????????????</fileset>?
????????</copy>?
????</target>?
<!--?============================================================?-->?
<!--?Tomcat?tasks?-?remove?these?if?you?don't?have?Tomcat?installed?-->?
<!--?============================================================?-->?
????<taskdef?name="install"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">?
????????<classpath>?
????????????<path?location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>?
????????</classpath>?
????</taskdef>?
????<taskdef?name="reload"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">?
????????<classpath>?
????????????<path?location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>?
????????</classpath>?
????</taskdef>?
????<taskdef?name="list"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">?
????????<classpath>?
????????????<path?location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>?
????????</classpath>?
????</taskdef>?
????<taskdef?name="start"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">?
????????<classpath>?
????????????<path?location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>?
????????</classpath>?
????</taskdef>?
????<taskdef?name="stop"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">?
????????<classpath>?
????????????<path?location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>?
????????</classpath>?
????</taskdef>?
????<target?name="install"?description="Install?application?in?Tomcat">?
????????<install?url="${tomcat.manager.url}"?
?????????????????username="${tomcat.manager.username}"?
?????????????????password="${tomcat.manager.password}"?
?????????????????path="/${name}"?
?????????????????war="${name}"/>?
????</target>?
????<target?name="reload"?description="Reload?application?in?Tomcat">?
????????<reload?url="${tomcat.manager.url}"?
?????????????????username="${tomcat.manager.username}"?
?????????????????password="${tomcat.manager.password}"?
?????????????????path="/${name}"/>?
????</target>?
<target?name="start"?description="Start?Tomcat?application">?
????????<start?url="${tomcat.manager.url}"?
?????????????????username="${tomcat.manager.username}"?
?????????????????password="${tomcat.manager.password}"?
?????????????????path="/${name}"/>?
????</target>?
????<target?name="stop"?description="Stop?Tomcat?application">?
????????<stop?url="${tomcat.manager.url}"?
?????????????????username="${tomcat.manager.username}"?
?????????????????password="${tomcat.manager.password}"?
?????????????????path="/${name}"/>?
????</target>?
????<target?name="list"?description="List?Tomcat?applications">?
????????<list?url="${tomcat.manager.url}"?
?????????????????username="${tomcat.manager.username}"?
?????????????????password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>?
????</target>?
<!--?End?Tomcat?tasks?-->?
</project>?
這個Ant腳本包含了建立應用主要的工具命令,但是，這個腳本要配合build.properties使用.?
代碼:?
springapp/build.properties?
#?Ant?properties?for?building?the?springapp?
deploy.path=/home/trisberg/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24/webapps?
#deploy.path=c:/Tomcat?4.1/webapps?
#deploy.path=c:/bea/user_projects/domains/mydomain/applications?
tomcat.home=/home/trisberg/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24?
#tomcat.home=?c:/Tomcat?4.1?
tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager?
tomcat.manager.username=admin?
tomcat.manager.password=tomcat?
deploy.path?是tomcat的應用目錄?
tomcat.path?是tomcat的主目錄?
tomcat.manager.url是管理訪問路徑，注意你的端口是否正確?
tomcat.manager.username,tomcat.manager.password?我就不用說了吧?
如果你執行install命令，將在tomcat?webapps目錄下建立springapp目錄。?
如果你用其他的web應用服務器,那么你可以刪除tomcat指定的命令集,你可以用server提供的熱部署進行啟動和停止你的應用.?
現在我們來看一下ant提供的每個命令，在你的springapp目錄下執行ant?
代碼:?
C:\projects\springapp>ant?
Buildfile:?build.xml?
usage:?
?????[echo]?springapp?build?file?
?????[echo]?-----------------------------------?
?????[echo]?Available?targets?are:?
?????[echo]?build?????????????????-->?建立應用?
?????[echo]?deploy???????????????-->?部署應用?
?????[echo]?deploywar?????????-->?部署war文件?
?????[echo]?install????????????????-->?安裝應用?
?????[echo]?reload????????????????-->?重載應用?
?????[echo]?start???????????????????-->?啟動?springapp?
?????[echo]?stop???????????????????-->?停止?springapp?
?????[echo]?list?????????????????????-->?列表?Tomcat?applications?
BUILD?SUCCESSFUL?
Total?time:?5?seconds?
現在，我們來部署應用,執行ant?deploy?
代碼:?
Ant?deploy?
e:\projects\springapp>ant?deploy?
Buildfile:?build.xml?
??
deploy:?
?????[copy]?Copying?1?file?to?C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\springapp?
??
BUILD?SUCCESSFUL?
Total?time:?1?seconds?
第4步：測試應用?
先看一下我們是否把應用部署成功?
代碼:?
Ant?list?
E:\projects\springapp>ant?list?
Buildfile:?build.xml?
list:?
?????[list]?OK?-?Listed?applications?for?virtual?host?localhost?
?????[list]?/admin:running:0:../server/webapps/admin?
?????[list]?/webdav:running:0:C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\webdav?
?????[list]?/springapp:running:1:C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\springapp?
?????[list]?/examples:running:0:examples?
?????[list]?/ofproject:running:0:C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\ofproject?
?????[list]?/tomcat-docs:running:0:C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\tomcat-docs?
?????[list]?/:running:0:C:\Tomcat?4.1\webapps\ROOT?
?????[list]?/manager:running:0:../server/webapps/manager?
BUILD?SUCCESSFUL?
Total?time:?5?seconds?
如果你還沒有安裝,請執行ant?install?
代碼:?
Ant?install?
E:\projects\springapp>ant?install?
Buildfile:?build.xml?
??
install:?
??[install]?OK?-?Installed?application?at?context?path?/springapp?
??
??
BUILD?SUCCESSFUL?
Total?time:?2?seconds?
現在，讓我們打開瀏覽器看一下結果http://localhost:8080/springapp/index.jsp?
第5步：下載spring?framework?package?
如果你還沒有下在spring，請到www.springframework.org/download.html.?尋找最新版本.?
下面我們將完成利用spring?framework?進行開發MVC?應用程序.?
第6步:修改web.xml?
進入WEB-INF目錄編輯web.xml?
代碼:?
WEB-INF/web.xml?
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>?
<!DOCTYPE?web-app?PUBLIC?'-//Sun?Microsystems,?Inc.//DTD?Web?Application?2.3//EN'?'http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd'>?
<web-app>?
?<servlet>?
????<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>?
????<servlet-class>?
???????org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet?
????</servlet-class>?
????<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>?
??</servlet>?
??<servlet-mapping>?
????<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>?
????<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>?
??</servlet-mapping>?
??<welcome-file-list>?
????<welcome-file>?
??????index.jsp?
????</welcome-file>?
??</welcome-file-list>?
</web-app>?
在WEB-INF目錄下創建一個springapp-servlet.xml文件，它的命名規則是web.xml中的servlet-name?加上'-servlet'后綴,這是在springframework中的標準命名法則.?
現在，我們聲明一個bean?:springappController?他對應的類是SpringappController.class?
這個定義用于我們控制業務邏輯。我們還需要定義一個url?mapping作為http調用的路徑.?
代碼:?
springapp/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml?
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?>?
<!DOCTYPE?beans?PUBLIC?"-//SPRING//DTD?BEAN//EN"?"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">?
<!--?
??-?Application?context?definition?for?"springapp"?DispatcherServlet.?
??-->?
<beans>?
????<bean?id="springappController"?class="SpringappController"/>?
????<bean?id="urlMapping"?class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">?
????????<property?name="mappings">?
????????????<props>?
????????????????<prop?key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>?
????????????</props>?
????????</property>?
????</bean>?
</beans>?
第7步：添加支持包?
從spring的下載文件包中找到,spring.jar?(spring-framework-1.0-m1/dist/spring.jar)?拷貝到WEB-INF/lib下面。?
拷貝spring-framework-1.0-m1/lib/log4j/log4j-1.2.8.jar?和?spring-framework-1.0-m1/lib/jakarta-commons/commons-logging.jar到WEB-INF/lib下面。?
第8步：創建springappController?
代碼:?
springapp/src/SpringappController.java?
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;?
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;?
import?javax.servlet.ServletException;?
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;?
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;?
import?java.io.IOException;?
public?class?SpringappController?implements?Controller?{?
????public?ModelAndView?handleRequest(HttpServletRequest?request,?HttpServletResponse?response)?
????????????throws?ServletException,?IOException?{?
????????return?new?ModelAndView("");?
????}?
}?
這只是一個基礎控制框架，稍候我們完成它.?
第9步:建立應用?
代碼:?
Ant?build?
E:\projects\springapp>ant?build?
Buildfile:?build.xml?
build:?
????[javac]?Compiling?1?source?file?to?E:\projects\springapp\WEB-INF\classes?
BUILD?SUCCESSFUL?
Total?time:?2?seconds?
第10步:建立日志系統?
spring利用log4j來管理日志，在classes目錄下建立log4j.properties?
代碼:?
springapp/war/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties?
log4j.rootCategory=INFO,?stdout,?logfile?
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender?
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d?%p?[%c]?-?<%m>%n?
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender?
log4j.appender.logfile.File=e:/projects/springapp/springapp.log?
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxFileSize=512KB?
#?Keep?three?backup?files?
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxBackupIndex=3?
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
#Pattern?to?output?:?date?priority?[category]?-?<message>line_separator?
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d?%p?[%c]?-?<%m>%n?
第11步：部署應用?
運行ant?deploy?
第12步：創建視圖?
代碼:?
springapp/war/hello.jsp?
<html>?
<head><title>Example?::?Spring?Application</title></head>?
<body>?
<h1>Hello?-?Spring?Application</h1>?
<p>Greetings.</p>?
</body>?
</html>?
下面我們修改SpringappController.java?
代碼:?
springapp/src/SpringappController.java?
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;?
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;?
import?javax.servlet.ServletException;?
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;?
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;?
import?java.io.IOException;?
import?org.apache.commons.logging.Log;?
import?org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;?
public?class?SpringappController?implements?Controller?{?
???/**?Logger?for?this?class?and?subclasses?*/?
????protected?final?Log?logger?=?LogFactory.getLog(getClass());?
????public?ModelAndView?handleRequest(HttpServletRequest?request,?HttpServletResponse?response)?
????????????throws?ServletException,?IOException?{?
???????logger.info("SpringappController?-?returning?hello?view");?
????????return?new?ModelAndView("hello.jsp");?
????}?
}?
現在我們運行build,?deploy,?stop,?start?命令.?
這樣我們就成功地建立了一個mvc應用，訪問http://loaclhost:8080/springapp/hello.htm?
小結?
以上，我們快速地利用spring?framework建立了MVC應用程序,?
1、建立index.jsp,測試管理工具和開發環境?
2、編寫springapp-servlet.xml配置文件。?
3、編寫控制器代碼,SpringappController.java結合springapp-servlet中的定義進行工作.?
4、編寫、展示hello.jsp,完成MVC的應用程序.?
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