Guice真的無法享受企業級組件嗎,JavaEye里炮轟Guice的占絕大多數。但如果Guice能整合Spring,那么我們似乎可以做很多有意義的事了。那么開始Spring整合之旅吧。不過crazybob在整合方面極不配合,就給了我們一個單元測試類,然后讓我們自力更生。好在Guice本身足夠簡單。
首先還是來一個最簡單無聊的HelloWorld整合吧。
HelloWorld.java
- package com.leo.domain;
-
- public class HelloWorld {
-
- public String sayHello(String str) {
- return str;
- }
- }
package com.leo.domain;
public class HelloWorld {
public String sayHello(String str) {
return str;
}
}
夠簡單了吧。
現在開始編寫你的applicationContext.xml(如果不熟悉Spring的話,可能無法繼續往下看)。
為保持簡潔,去掉了那一段DTD。
- <beans>
- <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.leo.domain.HelloWorld" />
- </beans>
<beans>
<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.leo.domain.HelloWorld" />
</beans>
好了,開始與Guice整合吧。
Guice的核心就是com.google.inject.Module,它類似于Spring的bean工廠。 HelloWorldMyModule.java
- package com.leo.module;
-
- import static com.google.inject.spring.SpringIntegration.fromSpring;
-
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
-
- import com.google.inject.Binder;
- import com.google.inject.Module;
- import com.leo.domain.HelloWorld;
-
- public class HelloWorldMyModule implements Module {
- public void configure(Binder binder) {
- final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- new String[] { "applicationContext.xml", "daoContext.xml" });
- binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
- binder.bind(HelloWorld.class).toProvider(
- fromSpring(HelloWorld.class, "helloWorld"));
- }
- }
package com.leo.module;
import static com.google.inject.spring.SpringIntegration.fromSpring;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.google.inject.Binder;
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.leo.domain.HelloWorld;
public class HelloWorldMyModule implements Module {
public void configure(Binder binder) {
final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "applicationContext.xml", "daoContext.xml" });
binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
binder.bind(HelloWorld.class).toProvider(
fromSpring(HelloWorld.class, "helloWorld"));
}
}
其中:
- final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- new String[] { "applicationContext.xml", "daoContext.xml" });
- binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "applicationContext.xml", "daoContext.xml" });
binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
定義了Guice與Spring整合后,將spring工廠也由Guice托管。我感覺crazybob在與Spring整合事件上非常低調,給了個嚇死人的單元測試,而且沒有任何文檔,這個單元測試里的bean都是臨時動態注入進去的,不知道是因為出自對Spring XML配置的不滿,還是根本沒想到用Guice的人會去整合Spring,我個人感覺他在這一點上非常吝嗇。 注意這一句:
- binder.bind(HelloWorld.class).toProvider(
- fromSpring(HelloWorld.class, "helloWorld"));
binder.bind(HelloWorld.class).toProvider(
fromSpring(HelloWorld.class, "helloWorld"));
這與普通Guice本身托管的Bean注入不一樣,fromSpring很明顯說明這個bean來自于spring,而且與helloWorld與applicationContext.xml中定義的那個是一致的。
好了,我們開始來個單元測試
HelloWorldTest.java
- package com.leo.service;
-
- import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
- import com.google.inject.Guice;
- import com.google.inject.Inject;
- import com.google.inject.Injector;
- import com.leo.domain.HelloWorld;
- import com.leo.module.HelloWorldMyModule;
-
-
-
-
- public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {
-
- @Inject
- private HelloWorld helloWorld;
-
- public void testHelloWorld() {
- HelloWorldMyModule module = new HelloWorldMyModule();
- HelloWorldTest test = new HelloWorldTest();
- Injector in = Guice.createInjector(module);
- in.injectMembers(test);
- System.out.println(test.helloWorld.sayHello("hey, hello-world"));
- }
- }
package com.leo.service;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.leo.domain.HelloWorld;
import com.leo.module.HelloWorldMyModule;
/**
* @author superleo
*/
public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {
@Inject
private HelloWorld helloWorld;
public void testHelloWorld() {
HelloWorldMyModule module = new HelloWorldMyModule(); // 建HelloWorldModule,生成Guice的bean工廠
HelloWorldTest test = new HelloWorldTest();
Injector in = Guice.createInjector(module);
in.injectMembers(test); // 將HelloWorldTest所依賴的helloWorld注入進去
System.out.println(test.helloWorld.sayHello("hey, hello-world"));
}
}
代碼還是非常簡單。運行后,正常的結果會出來在控制臺上。但是這段代碼能說明什么,無非就是helloWorld不需要set,get方法,但還多加了一大堆什么Injector, Module之類的。實際上在Guice與Struts2整合后,這些硬編碼是不會出現的,而且如果不是因為與Spring整合,連Module里面配置HelloWorld都不要。但不是有人說Guice無法使用企業級組件嗎?就單純一個DI,根本就是玩具,但大家想想Guice能通過Spring來應用這些企業級組件的話,Guice還是有優勢的。因為它夠簡單,夠快,夠靈活,強類型,本身沒有XML(與其它框架整合,不能保證別的框架沒有),幾乎沒有學習曲線,文檔就一個HTML。因此,我現在想給大家運用JavaMail,這個算企業級常用的組件了吧?
繼續編寫Spring的applicationContext.xml applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
-
- <beans>
-
- <bean id="mailSender"
- class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
- <property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
-
- <property name="username" value="kyo100900@163.com" />
- <property name="password" value="111111" />
- <property name="javaMailProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
-
-
- <bean id="mailMessage"
- class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage">
- <property name="to" value="superleo_cn@hotmail.com" />
- <property name="from" value="kyo100900@163.com" />
- <property name="subject" value="fdsfdsfsdfsd" />
- </bean>
-
- </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!-- Java Mail -->
<bean id="mailSender"
class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
<!-- 有些郵件服務器發送郵件需要認證,所以必須提供帳號 -->
<property name="username" value="kyo100900@163.com" />
<property name="password" value="111111" />
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--一個郵件模板(測試時使用)-->
<bean id="mailMessage"
class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage">
<property name="to" value="superleo_cn@hotmail.com" />
<property name="from" value="kyo100900@163.com" />
<property name="subject" value="fdsfdsfsdfsd" />
</bean>
</beans>
上面就是大家在Spring配置文件里寫爛了的代碼,別的什么整合代碼同理,就不多說了。 這時候,我們寫一個JavaMailModule
JavaMailModule.java
- package com.leo.module;
-
- import static com.google.inject.spring.SpringIntegration.fromSpring;
-
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
- import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
- import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
-
- import com.google.inject.Binder;
- import com.google.inject.Module;
-
- public class JavaMailModule implements Module {
-
- public void configure(Binder binder) {
- final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- new String[] { "applicationContext.xml"});
- binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
- binder.bind(SimpleMailMessage.class).toProvider(
- fromSpring(SimpleMailMessage.class, "mailMessage"));
-
- binder.bind(MailSender.class).toProvider(
- fromSpring(JavaMailSenderImpl.class, "mailSender"));
- }
-
- }
package com.leo.module;
import static com.google.inject.spring.SpringIntegration.fromSpring;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
import com.google.inject.Binder;
import com.google.inject.Module;
public class JavaMailModule implements Module {
public void configure(Binder binder) {
final BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "applicationContext.xml"});
binder.bind(BeanFactory.class).toInstance(beanFactory);
binder.bind(SimpleMailMessage.class).toProvider(
fromSpring(SimpleMailMessage.class, "mailMessage"));
binder.bind(MailSender.class).toProvider(
fromSpring(JavaMailSenderImpl.class, "mailSender"));
}
}
和HelloWorld一樣,只是分別換成了mailMessage, mailSender。寫到這里大家肯定明白了,Guice與Spring整合其實非常非常簡單。
寫個測試吧:
JavaMail.java
- package com.leo.util;
-
- import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
- import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
-
- import com.google.inject.Guice;
- import com.google.inject.Inject;
- import com.google.inject.Injector;
- import com.leo.module.MyModuleSpring;
-
- public class JavaMail {
-
- @Inject
- private MailSender mailSender;
-
- @Inject
- private SimpleMailMessage mailMessage;
-
- public void sendMail() {
-
- System.out.println("-----------發送郵件!---------");
- mailMessage.setText("send maiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
- try {
- System.out.println(mailSender.toString());
- mailSender.send(mailMessage);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("-----------發送成功!---------");
- }
-
- public static void main(String... strings) {
- MyModuleSpring spring = new MyModuleSpring();
- JavaMail mail = new JavaMail();
- Injector in = Guice.createInjector(spring);
- in.injectMembers(mail);
- mail.sendMail();
- }
- }
package com.leo.util;
import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.leo.module.MyModuleSpring;
public class JavaMail {
@Inject
private MailSender mailSender;
@Inject
private SimpleMailMessage mailMessage;// 郵件模板
public void sendMail() {
System.out.println("-----------發送郵件!---------");
mailMessage.setText("send maiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
try {
System.out.println(mailSender.toString());
mailSender.send(mailMessage);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("-----------發送成功!---------");
}
public static void main(String... strings) {
MyModuleSpring spring = new MyModuleSpring();
JavaMail mail = new JavaMail();
Injector in = Guice.createInjector(spring);
in.injectMembers(mail);
mail.sendMail();
}
}
只要用戶名密碼正確,沒有設置什么代理,防火墻之類的,就能正常的運行,但大家如果測試的時候,請把電子郵件改改。至于說與Hibernate,事務等整合,已經出了wrap框架了,有興趣可以看看robbin寫的《Warp framework - 一個相當有前途的Java框架》。 因此Guice不是完全不可能使用所謂的企業級組件的,直接使用Spring就可很容易做到。那么在應用Guice的時候,我感覺可以單獨建立一個SpringModule,將Guice無法做到的事通過Spring工廠來幫你組裝,其它方面,比如說Struts2的Action或Service層之間的注入等,直接用@Inject就得了,不要那么多set,get,(Struts2需要放入到值棧的屬性例外)我們項目大多數Action超過幾千行了,光set,get就幾百行。Spring配置文件估計拼在一起也有幾千行,但所謂注入到的其它企業級組件還不到5個,剩下全是service,dao,action等等。就算Spring可以autowire,也不是解決問題的根本。