2007年4月19日

                   how to setup jacorb dev env
1:download JacORB_2_2

       http://www.jacorb.org/download.html
  download ant
       http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi

2:extact JacORB_2_2.jar to d:\JacORB_2_2

3:setup sys environment

       set ANT_HOME=
       set JAVA_HOME=
       set JACORB_HOME=d:\JacORB_2_2
       set PATH=%PATH%;%ANT_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JACORB_HOME%\bin;
       set CLASSPAHT=.;%CLASSPAHT%;%ANT_HOME%\lib\ant.jar;%JACORB_HOME%\lib\jarorb.jar;%JACORB_HOME%\lib\idl.jar\;%JACORB_HOME%\lib\logkit-1.2.jar

4:rename %JACORB_HOME%\etc\jacorb_properties.template to %JACORB_HOME%\etc\jacorb.properties
  and modify the 50th line to 53th line to
 
       #ORBInitRef.NameService=file:/y:/nsiona.ref
      
ORBInitRef.NameService=file://d://test//NS_Ref
      
#ORBInitRef.NameService=http://www.x.y.z/~user/NS_Ref
      
#ORBInitRef.TradingService=http://www.x.y.z/~user/TraderRef
 
  modify 618th line to
       jacorb.naming.ior_filename=d://test//NS_Ref

5:rename  %JACORB_HOME%\jacotemplate.bat to %JACORB_HOME%\jaco.bat
 
  and modify related env variable
 
  rename   %JACORB_HOME%\idltemplate.bat to %JACORB_HOME%\idl.bat
  
  and modify related env variable

6:  use ant compile and build idl and java

     cd  %JACORB_HOME%\demo\grid  

     run ant
   
     the generate class file in %JACORB_HOME%\classes  and generated java file in %JACORB_HOME%\demo\grid

7: open a new cmd window:
          cd %JACORB_HOME%   ns
 
   you can see the following result:   
       [ configuration jacorb loaded from file %JAORB_HOME%\etc\jacorb.properties]

   open a new cmd window:
          cd %JACORB_HOME%   jaco demo.grid.Server
  you can see the following result:   
  [ configuration jacorb loaded from file %JAORB_HOME%\etc\jacorb.properties]
  
  open a new cmd window:
          cd %JACORB_HOME%   jaco demo.grid.client
    you can see the following result:   
 
  [ configuration jacorb loaded from file D:\work\nj\JACORB\etc\jacorb.properties]
   Height = 31
   Width = 14
   Old value at (30,13): 0.21
   Setting (30,13) to 470.11
   New value at (30,13): 470.11
   MyException, reason: This is only a test exception, no harm done :-)
   done.

由于一些原因，最近要復(fù)習(xí)一些東西，所以就把JMS的東西再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一遍，以下便是例子

jms 中最重要的幾個(gè)概念destination，ACKNOWLEDGE，subscribe,durable subscribe

destination：topic queque
  queue簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)說(shuō)就是1:1 一個(gè)消息只能由一個(gè)consumer去消費(fèi)，別的consumer來(lái)消費(fèi)的時(shí)候已經(jīng)沒(méi)了，先到先得
topic簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)說(shuō)就是1:N 一個(gè)消息可以由多個(gè)consumer來(lái)消費(fèi)，誰(shuí)來(lái)消費(fèi)都有
 subscribe，拿topic來(lái)說(shuō)如果當(dāng)前訂閱不是持久訂閱，只有再訂閱后生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)得消息才能被consumer得到，持久訂閱只要沒(méi)有被consumer消費(fèi)，早晚會(huì)消費(fèi)這個(gè)消息
 
 
 
 一下是幾個(gè)例子
 
 queuesend：queque消息產(chǎn)生
 queuereceive：queque消息得消費(fèi)
 topicsend ：topic消息得產(chǎn)生
 topicreceive1：topic消息的非訂閱
 topicrecieve2：topic消息的持久訂閱
 
 這個(gè)例子實(shí)在WEBLOGIC814上測(cè)試過(guò)的，當(dāng)然要定義JMSSERVER,FACTORY,DESTINATION。
 
 
 
 QueueSend
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Queue;
import javax.jms.QueueConnection;
import javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.QueueSender;
import javax.jms.QueueSession;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class QueueSend {
 // Defines the JNDI context factory.
 public final static String JNDI_FACTORY = "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory";

 // Defines the JNDI provider url.
 public final static String PROVIDER_URL = " t3://localhost:7001";

 // Defines the JMS connection factory for the queue.
 public final static String JMS_FACTORY = "SendJMSFactory";

 // Defines the queue.
 public final static String QUEUE = "SendJMSQueue";

 private QueueConnectionFactory qconFactory;

 private QueueConnection qcon;

 private QueueSession qsession;

 private QueueSender qsender;

 private Queue queue;

 private TextMessage msg;

 /**
  * Creates all the necessary objects for sending messages to a JMS queue.
  *
  * @param ctx
  *            JNDI initial context
  * @param queueName
  *            name of queue
  * @exception NamingException
  *                if operation cannot be performed
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to initialize due to internal error
  */
 public void init(Context ctx, String queueName) throws NamingException,
   JMSException {
  qconFactory = (QueueConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(JMS_FACTORY);
  qcon = qconFactory.createQueueConnection();
  qsession = qcon.createQueueSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
  queue = (Queue) ctx.lookup(queueName);
  qsender = qsession.createSender(queue);
  msg = qsession.createTextMessage();
  qcon.start();
 }

 /**
  * Sends a message to a JMS queue.
  *
  * @param message
  *            message to be sent
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to send message due to internal error
  */
 public void send(String message) throws JMSException {
  msg.setText(message);
  qsender.send(msg);
 }

 /**
  * Closes JMS objects.
  *
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to close objects due to internal error
  */
 public void close() throws JMSException {
  qsender.close();
  qsession.close();
  qcon.close();
 }

 /**
  * main() method.
  *
  * @param args
  *            WebLogic Server URL
  * @exception Exception
  *                if operation fails
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  try {
   InitialContext ic = getInitialContext();
   QueueSend qs = new QueueSend();
   qs.init(ic, QUEUE);
   readAndSend(qs);
   qs.close();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 private static void readAndSend(QueueSend qs) throws IOException,
   JMSException {
  BufferedReader msgStream = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
    System.in));
  String line = null;
  boolean quitNow = false;
  do {
   System.out.print("Enter message (\"quit\" to quit): ");
   line = msgStream.readLine();
   if (line != null && line.trim().length() != 0) {
    qs.send(line);
    System.out.println("JMS Message Sent: " + line + "\n");
    quitNow = line.equalsIgnoreCase("quit");
   }
  } while (!quitNow);

 }

 private static InitialContext getInitialContext() throws NamingException {
  Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
  env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, JNDI_FACTORY);
  env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, PROVIDER_URL);
  return new InitialContext(env);
 }

}

QueueReceive

import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Queue;
import javax.jms.QueueConnection;
import javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.QueueReceiver;
import javax.jms.QueueSession;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class QueueReceive implements MessageListener {
 // Defines the JNDI context factory.
 public final static String JNDI_FACTORY = "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory";

 // Defines the JNDI provider url.
 public final static String PROVIDER_URL = " t3://localhost:7001";

 // Defines the JMS connection factory for the queue.
 public final static String JMS_FACTORY = "SendJMSFactory";

 // Defines the queue.
 public final static String QUEUE = "SendJMSQueue";

 private QueueConnectionFactory qconFactory;

 private QueueConnection qcon;

 private QueueSession qsession;

 private QueueReceiver qreceiver;

 private Queue queue;

 private boolean quit = false;

 /**
  * Message listener interface.
  *
  * @param msg
  *            message
  */
 public void onMessage(Message msg) {
  try {
   String msgText;
   if (msg instanceof TextMessage) {
    msgText = ((TextMessage) msg).getText();
   } else {
    msgText = msg.toString();
   }

   System.out.println("Message Received: " + msgText);

//   if (msgText.equalsIgnoreCase("123")) {
//    synchronized (this) {
//     quit = true;
//     this.notifyAll(); // Notify main thread to quit
//    }
//   }
  } catch (JMSException jmse) {
   jmse.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 /**
  * Creates all the necessary objects for receiving messages from a JMS
  * queue.
  *
  * @param ctx
  *            JNDI initial context
  * @param queueName
  *            name of queue
  * @exception NamingException
  *                if operation cannot be performed
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to initialize due to internal error
  */
 public void init(Context ctx, String queueName) throws NamingException,
   JMSException {
  qconFactory = (QueueConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(JMS_FACTORY);
  qcon = qconFactory.createQueueConnection();
  qsession = qcon.createQueueSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
  queue = (Queue) ctx.lookup(queueName);
  qreceiver = qsession.createReceiver(queue);
  qreceiver.setMessageListener(this);
  qcon.start();
 }

 /**
  * Closes JMS objects.
  *
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to close objects due to internal error
  */
 public void close() throws JMSException {
  qreceiver.close();
  qsession.close();
  qcon.close();
 }

 /**
  * main() method.
  *
  * @param args
  *            WebLogic Server URL
  * @exception Exception
  *                if execution fails
  */

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  InitialContext ic = getInitialContext();
  QueueReceive qr = new QueueReceive();
  qr.init(ic, QUEUE);

  System.out
    .println("JMS Ready To Receive Messages (To quit, send a \"quit\" message).");

  // Wait until a "quit" message has been received.
  synchronized (qr) {
   System.out.println("111111111111");
   while (!qr.quit) {
    try {
     System.out.println("2222222222");
     qr.wait();
     System.out.println("333333333");
    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
    }
   }
  }
  qr.close();
 }

 private static InitialContext getInitialContext() throws NamingException {
  Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
  env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, JNDI_FACTORY);
  env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, PROVIDER_URL);
  return new InitialContext(env);
 }

}

TopicSend

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import javax.jms.TopicConnection;
import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.TopicSession;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.jms.TopicPublisher;
public class TopicSend {
 // Defines the JNDI context factory.
 public final static String JNDI_FACTORY = "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory";

 // Defines the JNDI provider url.
 public final static String PROVIDER_URL = " t3://localhost:7001";

 // Defines the JMS connection factory for the queue.
 public final static String JMS_FACTORY = "SendJMSFactory";

 // Defines the queue.
 public final static String TOPIC = "SendJMSTopic";

 private TopicConnectionFactory tconFactory;

 private TopicConnection tcon;

 private TopicSession tsession;

 private TopicPublisher tsender;

 private Topic topic;

 private TextMessage msg;
 public static InitialContext ic ;

 /**
  * Creates all the necessary objects for sending messages to a JMS queue.
  *
  * @param ctx
  *            JNDI initial context
  * @param queueName
  *            name of queue
  * @exception NamingException
  *                if operation cannot be performed
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to initialize due to internal error
  */
 public void init(Context ctx, String queueName) throws NamingException,
   JMSException {
  tconFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(JMS_FACTORY);
  tcon = tconFactory.createTopicConnection();
  tsession = tcon.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
  System.out.println(topic);
  topic = (Topic) ctx.lookup(queueName);
  System.out.println(topic);
  tsender = tsession.createPublisher(topic);
  msg = tsession.createTextMessage();
  tcon.start();
 }

 /**
  * Sends a message to a JMS queue.
  *
  * @param message
  *            message to be sent
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to send message due to internal error
  */
 public void send(String message) throws JMSException ,NamingException{
  System.out.println(topic+"-----------");
  msg.setText(message);
  tsender.publish(msg);
 }

 /**
  * Closes JMS objects.
  *
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to close objects due to internal error
  */
 public void close() throws JMSException {
  tsender.close();
  tsession.close();
  tcon.close();
 }

 /**
  * main() method.
  *
  * @param args
  *            WebLogic Server URL
  * @exception Exception
  *                if operation fails
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  try {
   ic= getInitialContext();
   TopicSend ts = new TopicSend();
   ts.init(ic, TOPIC);
   readAndSend(ts);
   ts.close();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 private static void readAndSend(TopicSend ts) throws IOException,
   JMSException,NamingException {
  BufferedReader msgStream = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
    System.in));
  String line = null;
  boolean quitNow = false;
  do {
   System.out.print("Enter message (\"quit\" to quit): ");
   line = msgStream.readLine();
   if (line != null && line.trim().length() != 0) {
    ts.send(line);
   
    System.out.println("JMS Message Sent: " + line + "\n");
    quitNow = line.equalsIgnoreCase("quit");
   }
  } while (!quitNow);

 }

 private static InitialContext getInitialContext() throws NamingException {
  Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
  env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, JNDI_FACTORY);
  env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, PROVIDER_URL);
  return new InitialContext(env);
 }

}

TopicReceive1

import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import javax.jms.TopicConnection;
import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.TopicSession;
import javax.jms.TopicSubscriber;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class TopicReceive1 implements MessageListener {
 // Defines the JNDI context factory.
 public final static String JNDI_FACTORY = "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory";

 // Defines the JNDI provider url.
 public final static String PROVIDER_URL = " t3://localhost:7001";

 // Defines the JMS connection factory for the queue.
 public final static String JMS_FACTORY = "SendJMSFactory";

 // Defines the queue.
 public final static String TOPIC = "SendJMSTopic";

 private TopicConnectionFactory tconFactory;

 private TopicConnection tcon;

 private TopicSession tsession;

 private TopicSubscriber tsubscriber;

 private Topic topic;

 private boolean quit = false;

 /**
  * Message listener interface.
  *
  * @param msg
  *            message
  */
 public void onMessage(Message msg) {
  System.out.println("===================");
  try {
   String msgText;
   if (msg instanceof TextMessage) {
    msgText = ((TextMessage) msg).getText();
   } else {
    msgText = msg.toString();
   }

   System.out.println("Message Received: " + msgText);

//   if (msgText.equalsIgnoreCase("123")) {
//    synchronized (this) {
//     quit = true;
//     this.notifyAll(); // Notify main thread to quit
//    }
//   }
  } catch (JMSException jmse) {
   jmse.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 /**
  * Creates all the necessary objects for receiving messages from a JMS
  * queue.
  *
  * @param ctx
  *            JNDI initial context
  * @param queueName
  *            name of queue
  * @exception NamingException
  *                if operation cannot be performed
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to initialize due to internal error
  */
 public void init(Context ctx, String queueName) throws NamingException,
   JMSException {
  tconFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(JMS_FACTORY);
  tcon = tconFactory.createTopicConnection();
  tsession = tcon.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
  topic = (Topic) ctx.lookup(queueName);
  tsubscriber = tsession.createSubscriber(topic);
  //System.out.println("12");
  //Message msg = treceiver.receive();
  //msg.acknowledge();
  //tsubscriber = tsession.createSubscriber(topic);Message msg = tsubscriber.receive();msg.acknowledge();
  //System.out.println(msg);
  tsubscriber.setMessageListener(this);
  tcon.start();
 }

 /**
  * Closes JMS objects.
  *
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to close objects due to internal error
  */
 public void close() throws JMSException {
  tsubscriber.close();
  tsession.close();
  tcon.close();
 }

 /**
  * main() method.
  *
  * @param args
  *            WebLogic Server URL
  * @exception Exception
  *                if execution fails
  */

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  InitialContext ic = getInitialContext();
  TopicReceive1 tr1 = new TopicReceive1();
  tr1.init(ic, TOPIC);

  System.out
    .println("JMS Ready To Receive Messages (To quit, send a \"quit\" message).");
  
  

  // Wait until a "quit" message has been received.
//  synchronized (tr1) {
//   System.out.println("111111111111");
//   while (!tr1.quit) {
//    try {
//     System.out.println("2222222222");
//     tr1.wait();
//     System.out.println("333333333");
//    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
//    }
//   }
//  }
  tr1.close();
 }

 private static InitialContext getInitialContext() throws NamingException {
  Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
  env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, JNDI_FACTORY);
  env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, PROVIDER_URL);
  return new InitialContext(env);
 }

}

TopicReceive2

import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import javax.jms.TopicConnection;
import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.TopicSession;
import javax.jms.TopicSubscriber;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class TopicReceive2 {
 // Defines the JNDI context factory.
 public final static String JNDI_FACTORY = "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory";

 // Defines the JNDI provider url.
 public final static String PROVIDER_URL = " t3://localhost:7001";

 // Defines the JMS connection factory for the queue.
 public final static String JMS_FACTORY = "SendJMSFactory";

 // Defines the queue.
 public final static String TOPIC = "SendJMSTopic";

 private TopicConnectionFactory tconFactory;

 private TopicConnection tcon;

 private TopicSession tsession;

 private TopicSubscriber tsubscriber;

 private Topic topic;

 private boolean quit = false;

 /**
  * Creates all the necessary objects for receiving messages from a JMS
  * queue.
  *
  * @param ctx
  *            JNDI initial context
  * @param queueName
  *            name of queue
  * @exception NamingException
  *                if operation cannot be performed
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to initialize due to internal error
  */
 public void init(Context ctx, String queueName) throws NamingException,
   JMSException,InterruptedException {
  tconFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(JMS_FACTORY);
  tcon = tconFactory.createTopicConnection();
  tcon.setClientID("IP10.200.7.104");
  tcon.start();
  
  tsession = tcon.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
  System.out.println("333333333333");
  topic = (Topic) ctx.lookup(queueName);
  //tsubscriber = tsession.createSubscriber(topic);
  tsubscriber= tsession.createDurableSubscriber(topic,"88888");
   for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
             //
             TextMessage message = (TextMessage) tsubscriber.receive();
             System.out.println("message["+i+"]: " + message.getText());
         }
          Thread.sleep(10000);
  //System.out.println("12");
  //Message msg = treceiver.receive();
  //msg.acknowledge();
  //tsubscriber = tsession.createSubscriber(topic);Message msg = tsubscriber.receive();msg.acknowledge();
  //System.out.println(msg);

 }

 /**
  * Closes JMS objects.
  *
  * @exception JMSException
  *                if JMS fails to close objects due to internal error
  */
 public void close() throws JMSException {
  tsubscriber.close();
  tsession.close();
  tcon.close();
 }

 /**
  * main() method.
  *
  * @param args
  *            WebLogic Server URL
  * @exception Exception
  *                if execution fails
  */

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  InitialContext ic = getInitialContext();
  TopicReceive2 tr2 = new TopicReceive2();
  tr2.init(ic, TOPIC);

  System.out
    .println("JMS Ready To Receive Messages (To quit, send a \"quit\" message).");
  
  

  // Wait until a "quit" message has been received.
//  synchronized (tr1) {
//   System.out.println("111111111111");
//   while (!tr1.quit) {
//    try {
//     System.out.println("2222222222");
//     tr1.wait();
//     System.out.println("333333333");
//    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
//    }
//   }
//  }
  tr2.close();
 }

 private static InitialContext getInitialContext() throws NamingException {
  Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
  env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, JNDI_FACTORY);
  env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, PROVIDER_URL);
  return new InitialContext(env);
 }

}

計(jì)劃任務(wù)工具 cron 的配置和說(shuō)明

第一段應(yīng)該定義的是：分鐘，表示每個(gè)小時(shí)的第幾分鐘來(lái)執(zhí)行。范圍是從0-59
        第二段應(yīng)該定義的是：小時(shí)，表示從第幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)執(zhí)行，范圍是從0-23
        第三段應(yīng)該定義的是：日期，表示從每個(gè)月的第幾天執(zhí)行，范圍從1-31
        第四段應(yīng)該定義的是：月，表示每年的第幾個(gè)月來(lái)執(zhí)行，范圍從1-12
        第五段應(yīng)該定義的是：周，表示每周的第幾天執(zhí)行，范圍從0-6，其中 0表示星期日。
        每六段應(yīng)該定義的是：用戶(hù)名，也就是執(zhí)行程序要通過(guò)哪個(gè)用戶(hù)來(lái)執(zhí)行，這個(gè)一般可以省略；
        第七段應(yīng)該定義的是：執(zhí)行的命令和參數(shù)。
        

一、注銷(xiāo)，關(guān)機(jī)，重啟

　　注銷(xiāo)系統(tǒng)的logout命令

　　1，Logout 注銷(xiāo)是登陸的相對(duì)操作，登陸系統(tǒng)后，若要離開(kāi)系統(tǒng)，用戶(hù)只要直接下達(dá)logout命令即可:

　　[root@localhost root]#logout

　　Red Hat Linuxrelease 9(Shike)

　　Kernel 2.4.20.8 on an i686

　　Login: ← 回到登陸的畫(huà)面

　　2，關(guān)機(jī)或重新啟動(dòng)的shutdown命令

　　Shutdown命令可以關(guān)閉所有程序，依照用戶(hù)的需要，重新啟動(dòng)或關(guān)機(jī)。

　　參數(shù)說(shuō)明如下:

　　? 立即關(guān)機(jī):-h 參數(shù)讓系統(tǒng)立即關(guān)機(jī)。范例如下:

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown –h now ← 要求系統(tǒng)立即關(guān)機(jī)

　　? 指定關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)間:time參數(shù)可指定關(guān)機(jī)的時(shí)間;或設(shè)置多久時(shí)間后運(yùn)行shutdown命令，范例如下:

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown now ← 立刻關(guān)機(jī)

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown +5 ← 5分鐘后關(guān)機(jī)

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown 10:30 ← 在10:30時(shí)關(guān)機(jī)

　　? 關(guān)機(jī)后自動(dòng)重啟:-r 參數(shù)設(shè)置關(guān)機(jī)后重新啟動(dòng)。范例如下:

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown -r now ← 立刻關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)并重啟

　　[root@localhost root]#shutdown -r 23:59 ← 指定在23:59時(shí)重啟動(dòng)

　　3，重新啟動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)的reboot命令

　　顧名思義，reboot命令是用來(lái)重新啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的。常用的參數(shù)如下:

　　? -f 參數(shù):不依正常的程序運(yùn)行關(guān)機(jī)，直接關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)并重新啟動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)。

　　? -I 參數(shù):在在重新啟動(dòng)之前關(guān)閉所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口。

　　雖然reboot命令有個(gè)參數(shù)可以使用，但是一般只需要單獨(dú)運(yùn)行reboot命令就可以了

最近測(cè)試OMADM1.2的時(shí)候，039，040兩個(gè)case是關(guān)于TLS SSL的，搞的很迷惑，最近看了一下原來(lái)TLS幾乎就是SSL，基本上一摸一樣而已。

Sun.com上面看到

SSL was developed by Netscape in 1994, and with input from the Internet community, has evolved to become a standard. It is now under the control of the international standards organization, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF has renamed SSL to Transport Layer Security (TLS), and released the first specification, version 1.0, in January 1999. TLS 1.0 is a modest upgrade to the most recent version of SSL, version 3.0. The differences between SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 are minor.

所以這2個(gè)case基本上測(cè)試一個(gè)就足夠了。

另外tls本來(lái)就是傳輸層上的一個(gè)協(xié)議，所以要是用HTTPS的話(huà)，如果你用應(yīng)用服務(wù)器，比如TOMCAT WBLOGIC,他們都支持SSL，根本不需要程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)任何東西，只要你會(huì)使用keytool生成證書(shū)就可以了。

這塊只是牽扯到JSSE,具體可以到http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#Introduction看

Keytool其實(shí)再JRE/LIB/SECUTITY下面的包里面，

C:\j2sdk1.4.2_05\jre\lib\security>keytool

keytool 用法：

-certreq     [-v] [-alias <alias>] [-sigalg <sigalg>]

             [-file <csr_file>] [-keypass <keypass>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-delete      [-v] -alias <alias>

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-export      [-v] [-rfc] [-alias <alias>] [-file <cert_file>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-genkey      [-v] [-alias <alias>] [-keyalg <keyalg>]

             [-keysize <keysize>] [-sigalg <sigalg>]

             [-dname <dname>] [-validity <valDays>]

             [-keypass <keypass>] [-keystore <keystore>]

             [-storepass <storepass>] [-storetype <storetype>]

             [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-help

-identitydb [-v] [-file <idb_file>] [-keystore <keystore>]

             [-storepass <storepass>] [-storetype <storetype>]

             [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-import      [-v] [-noprompt] [-trustcacerts] [-alias <alias>]

             [-file <cert_file>] [-keypass <keypass>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-keyclone    [-v] [-alias <alias>] -dest <dest_alias>

             [-keypass <keypass>] [-new <new_keypass>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-keypasswd   [-v] [-alias <alias>]

             [-keypass <old_keypass>] [-new <new_keypass>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-list        [-v | -rfc] [-alias <alias>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-printcert   [-v] [-file <cert_file>]

-selfcert    [-v] [-alias <alias>] [-sigalg <sigalg>]

             [-dname <dname>] [-validity <valDays>]

             [-keypass <keypass>] [-keystore <keystore>]

             [-storepass <storepass>] [-storetype <storetype>]

             [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

-storepasswd [-v] [-new <new_storepass>]

             [-keystore <keystore>] [-storepass <storepass>]

             [-storetype <storetype>] [-provider <provider_class_name>] ...

1：生成一個(gè)

C:\j2sdk1.4.2_05\jre\lib\security>keytool -genkey -alias duke -keyalg RSA   -val

idity 10 -storetype jks -keystore trust1.jks

2：查看你剛才生成的證書(shū)

C:\j2sdk1.4.2_05\jre\lib\security>keytool -list -v -keystore trust1.jks

當(dāng)然要輸入密碼了。

但是我不太明白服務(wù)器需要2個(gè)證書(shū)1個(gè)是custom identity keystore 一個(gè)是custom trust keystore為什么2個(gè) 的輸入類(lèi)型不一樣，一個(gè)是KeyEntry另外一個(gè)是trustedCertEntry,這個(gè)流程到底是怎樣的？申請(qǐng)證書(shū)－>導(dǎo)入證書(shū) 還是不明白，請(qǐng)指教。

Java對(duì)象序列化學(xué)習(xí)筆記- -

beejoy 原創(chuàng)  來(lái)源：java研究組織

目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)上關(guān)于對(duì)象序列化的文章不少，但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)詳細(xì)敘述用法和原理的文章太少。本人
把自己經(jīng)過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)和實(shí)際運(yùn)用中的體會(huì)寫(xiě)成的學(xué)習(xí)筆記貢獻(xiàn)給大家。希望能為整個(gè)java社
區(qū)的繁榮做一點(diǎn)事情。
 
序列化的過(guò)程就是對(duì)象寫(xiě)入字節(jié)流和從字節(jié)流中讀取對(duì)象。將對(duì)象狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成字節(jié)流之后，
可以用java.io包中的各種字節(jié)流類(lèi)將其保存到文件中，管道到另一線(xiàn)程中或通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接
將對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到另一主機(jī)。對(duì)象序列化功能非常簡(jiǎn)單、強(qiáng)大，在RMI、Socket、JMS、EJB
都有應(yīng)用。對(duì)象序列化問(wèn)題在網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中并不是最激動(dòng)人心的課題，但卻相當(dāng)重要，具有
許多實(shí)用意義。
一：對(duì)象序列化可以實(shí)現(xiàn)分布式對(duì)象。主要應(yīng)用例如：RMI要利用對(duì)象序列化運(yùn)行遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)
上的服務(wù)，就像在本地機(jī)上運(yùn)行對(duì)象時(shí)一樣。
二：java對(duì)象序列化不僅保留一個(gè)對(duì)象的數(shù)據(jù)，而且遞歸保存對(duì)象引用的每個(gè)對(duì)象的數(shù)據(jù)。
可以將整個(gè)對(duì)象層次寫(xiě)入字節(jié)流中，可以保存在文件中或在網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接上傳遞。利用對(duì)象序
列化可以進(jìn)行對(duì)象的"深復(fù)制"，即復(fù)制對(duì)象本身及引用的對(duì)象本身。序列化一個(gè)對(duì)象可能
得到整個(gè)對(duì)象序列。
 
從上面的敘述中，我們知道了對(duì)象序列化是java編程中的必備武器，那么讓我們從基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)始
，好好學(xué)習(xí)一下它的機(jī)制和用法。

java序列化比較簡(jiǎn)單，通常不需要編寫(xiě)保存和恢復(fù)對(duì)象狀態(tài)的定制代碼。實(shí)現(xiàn)java.io.Seri
alizable接口的類(lèi)對(duì)象可以轉(zhuǎn)換成字節(jié)流或從字節(jié)流恢復(fù)，不需要在類(lèi)中增加任何代碼。只
有極少數(shù)情況下才需要定制代碼保存或恢復(fù)對(duì)象狀態(tài)。這里要注意：不是每個(gè)類(lèi)都可序列化，
有些類(lèi)是不能序列化的，例如涉及線(xiàn)程的類(lèi)與特定JVM有非常復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。

序列化機(jī)制：

序列化分為兩大部分：序列化和反序列化。序列化是這個(gè)過(guò)程的第一部分，將數(shù)據(jù)分解成字
節(jié)流，以便存儲(chǔ)在文件中或在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳輸。反序列化就是打開(kāi)字節(jié)流并重構(gòu)對(duì)象。對(duì)象序列
化不僅要將基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換成字節(jié)表示，有時(shí)還要恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)。恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)要求有恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)的
對(duì)象實(shí)例。ObjectOutputStream中的序列化過(guò)程與字節(jié)流連接，包括對(duì)象類(lèi)型和版本信息。
反序列化時(shí)，JVM用頭信息生成對(duì)象實(shí)例，然后將對(duì)象字節(jié)流中的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制到對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)成員中。
下面我們分兩大部分來(lái)闡述：

處理對(duì)象流：
（序列化過(guò)程和反序列化過(guò)程）

java.io包有兩個(gè)序列化對(duì)象的類(lèi)。ObjectOutputStream負(fù)責(zé)將對(duì)象寫(xiě)入字節(jié)流，ObjectInp
utStream從字節(jié)流重構(gòu)對(duì)象。
    我們先了解ObjectOutputStream類(lèi)吧。ObjectOutputStream類(lèi)擴(kuò)展DataOutput接口。
writeObject()方法是最重要的方法，用于對(duì)象序列化。如果對(duì)象包含其他對(duì)象的引用，則
writeObject()方法遞歸序列化這些對(duì)象。每個(gè)ObjectOutputStream維護(hù)序列化的對(duì)象引用表，
防止發(fā)送同一對(duì)象的多個(gè)拷貝。（這點(diǎn)很重要）由于writeObject()可以序列化整組交叉引用的
對(duì)象，因此同一ObjectOutputStream實(shí)例可能不小心被請(qǐng)求序列化同一對(duì)象。這時(shí)，進(jìn)行反引用
序列化，而不是再次寫(xiě)入對(duì)象字節(jié)流。
下面，讓我們從例子中來(lái)了解ObjectOutputStream這個(gè)類(lèi)吧。

// 序列化 today's date 到一個(gè)文件中.
    FileOutputStream f = new FileOutputStream("tmp");
    ObjectOutputStream s = new ObjectOutputStream(f);
    s.writeObject("Today");
    s.writeObject(new Date());
    s.flush();

 
現(xiàn)在，讓我們來(lái)了解ObjectInputStream這個(gè)類(lèi)。它與ObjectOutputStream相似。它擴(kuò)展Dat
aInput接口。ObjectInputStream中的方法鏡像DataInputStream中讀取Java基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型的
公開(kāi)方法。readObject()方法從字節(jié)流中反序列化對(duì)象。每次調(diào)用readObject()方法都返回
流中下一個(gè)Object。對(duì)象字節(jié)流并不傳輸類(lèi)的字節(jié)碼，而是包括類(lèi)名及其簽名。readObject()
收到對(duì)象時(shí)，JVM裝入頭中指定的類(lèi)。如果找不到這個(gè)類(lèi)，則readObject()拋出
ClassNotFoundException,如果需要傳輸對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)和字節(jié)碼，則可以用RMI框架。
ObjectInputStream的其余方法用于定制反序列化過(guò)程。
例子如下：

//從文件中反序列化 string 對(duì)象和 date 對(duì)象
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("tmp");
    ObjectInputStream s = new ObjectInputStream(in);
    String today = (String)s.readObject();
    Date date = (Date)s.readObject();

定制序列化過(guò)程:

序列化通常可以自動(dòng)完成，但有時(shí)可能要對(duì)這個(gè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制。java可以將類(lèi)聲明為serial
izable，但仍可手工控制聲明為static或transient的數(shù)據(jù)成員。
例子：一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的序列化類(lèi)。

public class simpleSerializableClass implements Serializable{
    String sToday="Today:";
    transient Date dtToday=new Date();
}

序列化時(shí)，類(lèi)的所有數(shù)據(jù)成員應(yīng)可序列化除了聲明為transient或static的成員。將變量聲
明為transient告訴JVM我們會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)將變?cè)蛄谢?shù)據(jù)成員聲明為transient后，序列化
過(guò)程就無(wú)法將其加進(jìn)對(duì)象字節(jié)流中，沒(méi)有從transient數(shù)據(jù)成員發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)。后面數(shù)據(jù)反序
列化時(shí)，要重建數(shù)據(jù)成員（因?yàn)樗穷?lèi)定義的一部分），但不包含任何數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)
成員不向流中寫(xiě)入任何數(shù)據(jù)。記住，對(duì)象流不序列化static或transient。我們的類(lèi)要用
writeObject()與readObject()方法以處理這些數(shù)據(jù)成員。使用writeObject()與readObject()
方法時(shí)，還要注意按寫(xiě)入的順序讀取這些數(shù)據(jù)成員。
關(guān)于如何使用定制序列化的部分代碼如下：

//重寫(xiě)writeObject()方法以便處理transient的成員。
public void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException{
    outputStream.defaultWriteObject();//使定制的writeObject()方法可以
                        利用自動(dòng)序列化中內(nèi)置的邏輯。
    outputStream.writeObject(oSocket.getInetAddress());
    outputStream.writeInt(oSocket.getPort());
}
//重寫(xiě)readObject()方法以便接收transient的成員。
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream inputStream) throws
IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
    inputStream.defaultReadObject();//defaultReadObject()補(bǔ)充自動(dòng)序列化
    InetAddress oAddress=(InetAddress)inputStream.readObject();
    int iPort =inputStream.readInt();
    oSocket = new Socket(oAddress,iPort);
    iID=getID();
    dtToday =new Date();
}

完全定制序列化過(guò)程:

如果一個(gè)類(lèi)要完全負(fù)責(zé)自己的序列化，則實(shí)現(xiàn)Externalizable接口而不是Serializable接口
。Externalizable接口定義包括兩個(gè)方法writeExternal()與readExternal()。利用這些方
法可以控制對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)成員如何寫(xiě)入字節(jié)流.類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)Externalizable時(shí)，頭寫(xiě)入對(duì)象流中，
然后類(lèi)完全負(fù)責(zé)序列化和恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)成員，除了頭以外，根本沒(méi)有自動(dòng)序列化。這里要注意了。
聲明類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)Externalizable接口會(huì)有重大的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。writeExternal()與readExternal()
方法聲明為public，惡意類(lèi)可以用這些方法讀取和寫(xiě)入對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)。如果對(duì)象包含敏感信息，
則要格外小心。這包括使用安全套接或加密整個(gè)字節(jié)流。到此為至，我們學(xué)習(xí)了序列化的
基礎(chǔ)部分知識(shí)。關(guān)于序列化的高級(jí)教程，以后再述。

1:redhat 語(yǔ)言設(shè)置 這個(gè)語(yǔ)言是安裝的時(shí)候決定的,并不是每個(gè)user決定的

  /etc/sysconfig/i18n

2:redhat 模式

  /etc/inittab

id:5 xwindow  mode id:3 test mode

3:使用光驅(qū)

  掛載光驅(qū)mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom

  卸載光驅(qū)時(shí)候出現(xiàn) umount: /mnt/cdrom device is busy

  是因?yàn)楫?dāng)前的目錄已經(jīng)在光盤(pán)目錄,應(yīng)該先退出這個(gè)目錄

4:安裝rpm 文件

  rpm -ivh xxx.rpm  安裝包

  rpm -qa |grep "tt*"  查詢(xún)安裝過(guò)的包

  rpm -e xxx

5:在text mode 上翻頁(yè) shift +pageup pagedown

6:ls -al
  查找隱藏的文件

7:set 查看環(huán)境變量  .bash_profile

  用戶(hù)的語(yǔ)言設(shè)置與這個(gè)相關(guān),如果沒(méi)有設(shè)置會(huì)默認(rèn)使用/etc/sysconfig/i18n

8:查看文件類(lèi)型以及編碼方式

  file *.file

9: 編碼轉(zhuǎn)換

命令名稱(chēng)：iconv
命令格式：iconv -f "文件目前編碼" -t "文件轉(zhuǎn)換后的編碼" -o "轉(zhuǎn)換后生成的新文件名" "源文件名"
ex: iconv -f ISO-8859 -t utf-8 -o mydoc.inc.php mydoc.inc.php.bak

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class TestConn {

    public TestConn() {
        super();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = null;
        getHttpText(url);
        System.out.println("abc");
    }

    public static String getHttpText(String str) {
        URL url = null;
        try {
            url = new URL(str);
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        HttpURLConnection huc = null;
        try {

            huc = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            huc.setRequestMethod("GET");
            huc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
                    "application/vnd.syncml.dm+xml");
            // application/x-www-form-urlencoded
            // application/vnd.syncml.dm+xml
            huc.setDoOutput(true);
            huc.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "private");
            huc.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            huc.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/vnd.syncml.dm+xml");
            huc.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", "3");
            DataOutputStream printout;
            printout = new DataOutputStream(huc.getOutputStream());
            printout.writeBytes("abc");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            is = huc.getInputStream();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        String line = "";
        try {
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line).append("\n");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

}