spring的IOC非常的強大。。特別是管理Web項目中的自動加載。

但是實際應用中，可能會碰到這樣兩類的問題：

1.寫UnitTest的時候，需要脫離容器，手動讀取xml文件加載bean。

2.在一個Web容器中，可能某個脫離了spring管理（也就是一個非bean）的類，需要感知并讀取某個spring容易的bean。

下面轉了2篇文章，分別是對應上面2個問題的解決方案

http://hi.baidu.com/%C9%CF%B5%DB%D2%B2%B7%B8%C0%A7/blog/item/f934474a104c3e2008f7ef66.html

Spring中讀取bean配置文件的幾種方式    

BeanFactory允許InputStream作為構造函數的參數，也可以org.springframework.core.io.Resource接口。下面這個例子是用ClassPathResource作為參數：
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
ActionBean action = (ActionBean) factory.getBean("actionBean");

如果同一個Bean在配置文件有多個bean的定義，則用下面的方法取得所有的對象：
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
ListableBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
      
Map helloBeans = factory.getBeansOfType(ActionBean.class, false, false);

    一個應用程序中往往有很多的Bean要放在配置文件，如果所有的Bean都放在一個文件中，維護起來就相當的麻煩，這時我們可以按照模塊把每個模塊用到Bean放到不同的配置文件，Spring提供了相應的方法：
BeanDefinitionRegistry reg = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(reg);
  
// 載入bean定義檔  
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(new ClassPathResource("bean1.xml"));
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(new ClassPathResource("bean2.xml"));
....

// 取得Bean
BeanFactory bf = (BeanFactory) reg;
Object o = bf.getBean("actionBean");

===================================================================

讀取配置文件的幾種方法
在讀spring in aciton 時，他用的BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileInputStream("hello.xml"));
可是現在的用的1.2.6版本的構造器(XmlBeanFactory)只能接收Resource接口了，所以調不出來是正常的事情，假設現在有一個文件hello.xml
讀取方法

1:ApplicationContext cx=new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("hello.xml");//指定的路徑去找文件
2:ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("hello.xml");//還會在classpath去找
3:Resource fa = new FileSystemResource("hello.xml");
BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(fa);
4:這個要設制classpath了，麻煩
　 Resource res = new ClassPathResource("com/springinaction/chapter01/hello/hello.xml");
　 BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(res);
好了，用了上面那種方法都可以調用getBean("your bean name")了，
eg: BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(fa);
      hello he=(hello)factory.getBean("hello");
              he.getHello();

================================================================================

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http://babycountry.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!18767b1e2eb6d0e1!236.entry

spring 讀取注冊bean的一些方法(轉)
       我現在在做的東西,主要用到了框架是struts2+hibernate+spring開發一個上傳,下載,播放視頻,聽歌的東西,在做到獲得到注冊bean的時候,我想通過在web.xml配置context-param中獲得,但老也不成功,后來在網站上看到別人寫的,共同分享:
          通過幾個項目的實踐總結一下幾種獲得spring里注冊Bean的方法：
一：方法一（多在struts框架中）繼承BaseDispatchAction
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041 package com.mas.wawacommunity.wap.web.action;
 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
 
import com.mas.wawacommunity.wap.service.UserManager;
 
public class BaseDispatchAction extends DispatchAction {
    /**
    * web應用上下文環境變量
    */
    protected WebApplicationContext ctx;
 
    protected UserManager userMgr;
 
    /**
    * 獲得注冊Bean    
    * @param beanName String 注冊Bean的名稱
    * @return
    */
    protected final Object getBean(String beanName) {
        return ctx.getBean(beanName);
    }
 
    protected ActionForward unspecified(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
              javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
              javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) {    
        return mapping.findForward("index");
    }
 
    public void setServlet(ActionServlet servlet) {
        this.servlet = servlet;
        this.ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servlet.getServletContext());
        this.userMgr = (UserManager) getBean("userManager");
    }        
}
 

action調用：
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839 package com.mas.wawacommunity.wap.web.action;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
 
import com.mas.wawacommunity.wap.model.News;
import com.mas.wawacommunity.wap.service.NewsManager;
 
public class NewsAction extends BaseDispatchAction {
  NewsManager newsManager;      
   
    public void setServlet(ActionServlet servlet) {
        super.setServlet(servlet);
        newsManager = (NewsManager) this.getBean("newsManager");        
  }
   
    /**
    * 得到新聞列表
    * @param mapping
    * @param form
    * @param request
    * @param resp
    * @return
    */
    public ActionForward getNewsList(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp) {
        int category = Text.parseInt(request, "category", 0);
        int pageNo = Text.parseInt(request, "pageNo", 1);
        int pageSize = Text.parseInt(request, "pageSize", 9);
        PageRoll pageRoll = newsManager.getAllNews(category, pageNo, pageSize);              
        request.setAttribute("pageRoll", pageRoll);
        return mapping.findForward("news.list");
    }
}
 

二：方法二實現BeanFactoryAware
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253 package com.anymusic.oa.commons.service;
 
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
 
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Weany
* Date: 2006-4-2
* Time: 2:46:51
* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
public class ServiceLocator implements BeanFactoryAware {
    private static BeanFactory beanFactory = null;
 
    private static ServiceLocator servlocator = null;
 
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory factory) throws BeansException {
        this.beanFactory = factory;
    }
 
    public BeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
        return beanFactory;
    }
 
    /**
    * 創建讀取Bean服務類實例(從spring.xml中加載)
    * <bean id="serviceLocator" class="com.am.oa.commons.service.ServiceLocator" singleton="true" />
    */
    public static ServiceLocator getInstance() {
        if (servlocator == null)
              servlocator = (ServiceLocator) beanFactory.getBean("serviceLocator");
        return servlocator;
    }
 
    /**
    * 根據提供的bean名稱得到相應的服務類    
    * @param servName bean名稱    
    */
    public static Object getService(String servName) {
        return beanFactory.getBean(servName);
    }
 
    /**
    * 根據提供的bean名稱得到對應于指定類型的服務類
    * @param servName bean名稱
    * @param clazz 返回的bean類型,若類型不匹配,將拋出異常
    */
    public static Object getService(String servName, Class clazz) {
        return beanFactory.getBean(servName, clazz);
    }
}
 

action調用:
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738 package com.anymusic.oa.webwork;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
import com.anymusic.oa.commons.service.ServiceLocator;
import com.anymusic.oa.hibernate.pojo.Role;
import com.anymusic.oa.hibernate.pojo.Users;
import com.anymusic.oa.spring.IUserService;
import com.opensymphony.webwork.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ModelDriven;
 
public class UserAction extends BaseAction implements Action,ModelDriven{
   
    private Users user = new Users();
    protected ServiceLocator service = ServiceLocator.getInstance();
    UserService userService = (UserService)service.getService("userService");
 
    public String execute() throws Exception {        
        return SUCCESS;
    }
 
  public Object getModel() {
        return user;
    }    
   
    public String getAllUser(){
        HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();        
        List ls=userService.LoadAllObject( Users.class );
        request.setAttribute("user",ls);    
        this.setUrl("/yonghu.jsp");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}
 

三：方法三實現ApplicationContextAware

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687 package com.easou.framework.common.util;
 
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
 
public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {
  private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;     //Spring應用上下文環境
 
  /**
  * 實現ApplicationContextAware接口的回調方法，設置上下文環境  
  * @param applicationContext
  * @throws BeansException
  */
  public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
    SpringContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;
  }
 
  /**
  * @return ApplicationContext
  */
  public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
    return applicationContext;
  }
 
  /**
  * 獲取對象  
  * @param name
  * @return Object 一個以所給名字注冊的bean的實例
  * @throws BeansException
  */
  public static Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
    return applicationContext.getBean(name);
  }
 
  /**
  * 獲取類型為requiredType的對象
  * 如果bean不能被類型轉換，相應的異常將會被拋出（BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException）
  * @param name       bean注冊名
  * @param requiredType 返回對象類型
  * @return Object 返回requiredType類型對象
  * @throws BeansException
  */
  public static Object getBean(String name, Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
    return applicationContext.getBean(name, requiredType);
  }
 
  /**
  * 如果BeanFactory包含一個與所給名稱匹配的bean定義，則返回true
  * @param name
  * @return boolean
  */
  public static boolean containsBean(String name) {
    return applicationContext.containsBean(name);
  }
 
  /**
  * 判斷以給定名字注冊的bean定義是一個singleton還是一個prototype。
  * 如果與給定名字相應的bean定義沒有被找到，將會拋出一個異常（NoSuchBeanDefinitionException）  
  * @param name
  * @return boolean
  * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
  */
  public static boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {
    return applicationContext.isSingleton(name);
  }
 
  /**
  * @param name
  * @return Class 注冊對象的類型
  * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
  */
  public static Class getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {
    return applicationContext.getType(name);
  }
 
  /**
  * 如果給定的bean名字在bean定義中有別名，則返回這些別名  
  * @param name
  * @return
  * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
  */
  public static String[] getAliases(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {
    return applicationContext.getAliases(name);
  }
}
 

action調用：
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738 package com.anymusic.oa.webwork;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
import com.anymusic.oa.commons.service.ServiceLocator;
import com.anymusic.oa.hibernate.pojo.Role;
import com.anymusic.oa.hibernate.pojo.Users;
import com.anymusic.oa.spring.IUserService;
import com.opensymphony.webwork.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ModelDriven;
 
public class UserAction extends BaseAction implements Action,ModelDriven{
   
    private Users user = new Users();    
    UserService userService = (UserService) SpringContextUtil.getBean("userService");
   
    public String execute() throws Exception {        
        return SUCCESS;
    }
 
  public Object getModel() {
        return user;
    }    
   
    public String getAllUser(){
        HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();        
        List ls=userService.LoadAllObject( Users.class );
        request.setAttribute("user",ls);    
        this.setUrl("/yonghu.jsp");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}
 

本文來自CSDN博客，轉載請標明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/d8111/archive/2008/08/31/2856601.aspx