|
Directory Mappings |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| Root filesystem |
/ {/dev/hd4} |
/ {/dev/ad0s1a} |
/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1} |
/ {/dev/sda1} |
/ {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} |
/ {/dev/rz0a} |
| Home Directory |
/home {/dev/hd1} |
|
/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4} |
|
/export/home
/dev/vx/dsk/home} |
|
| |
/tmp {/dev/hd3} |
|
/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6} |
|
/tmp
/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol} |
|
| |
/usr {/dev/hd2} |
/usr {/dev/ad0s1f} |
/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7} |
|
/usr |
/usr {/dev/rz0g} |
| |
/var {/dev/hd9var} |
/var {/dev/ad0s1e} |
/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8} |
|
/var |
|
| Sample configuration files |
- |
|
/usr/newconfig |
|
|
|
|
User Accounts |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
| Password files |
/etc/passwd
/etc/security/passwd |
/etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd |
/etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root |
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow |
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow |
/etc/passwd |
| Groups file |
/etc/group
/etc/security/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group
/etc/logingroup |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
| Maximum # of user ID |
4294967295 |
65535 |
2147483647 |
65535 |
2147483647 |
65535 |
| Allow/Deny remote login |
/etc/security/user
{rlogin=true} |
/etc/ttys
{secure} |
/etc/securetty
{console} |
/etc/securetty
{ttyp1} |
/etc/default/login
{CONSOLE=/dev/console} |
/etc/securettys
{ttyp1} |
| User nobody's id # |
4294967294 |
65534 |
-2 |
99 |
60001 & 65534(nobody4) |
65534 |
| Group nobody's id # |
4294967294 |
65534 |
-2(nogroup) |
99 |
60002 & 65534(nogroup) |
65534 |
| Recover root password |
boot from CD/Tape
Installation/Maintenance
Start Limited Shell
getrootfs hdisk0
vi /etc/security/passwd |
ok boot -s
passwd root |
>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS
passwd root |
{lilo}
control-x
linux S
passwd root
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot
passwd root |
boot cdrom -s
mkdir /tmp/a
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a
vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow |
press the HALT Button or (Control-P)
>>>boot -fl s
lsmbstartup
/sbin/bcheckrc
passwd root |
| Create new user |
mkuser |
adduser |
useradd |
useradd |
useradd |
useradd |
| Delete user |
rmuser |
rmuser |
userdel |
userdel |
userdel |
userdel |
| List users |
lsuser -f ALL |
|
logins |
|
logins |
|
| Modify user account |
chuser -a |
|
usermod |
usermod |
usermod |
usermod |
|
General Commands |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
| Unique host ID |
hostid |
|
uname -i |
hostid |
hostid |
hostid |
| Administrator |
smit |
|
sam |
linuxconf |
admintool |
sysman |
| Performance monitor |
top
monitor |
top |
top
glance |
top |
top |
top |
| System activity reporter |
sar |
sa |
sar |
sar {sysstat} |
sar |
/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar |
| Virtual Memory statistics |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
| I/O statistics |
iostat |
iostat |
iostat |
iostat {sysstat} |
iostat |
iostat |
| Error logs |
alog -o -t boot
errpt |
dmesg |
dmesg |
dmesg |
dmesg |
uerf -R -o full |
| Physical RAM |
1TB |
|
4TB |
64 GB {>2.3.24} |
16TB |
4TB |
| Shared Memory |
2.75GB |
|
8TB |
sysctl kernel.shmmax |
|
|
| Process Data Space |
2GB |
|
4GB |
900 MB |
|
|
| Swap device |
/dev/hd6 |
/dev/ad0s1b |
/dev/vg00/lvol2 |
/dev/sda2 |
/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol |
/dev/rz0b |
| Swap file type |
/etc/swapspaces |
swap |
swap |
partition type 82 |
swap |
raw |
| Display swap size |
lsps -a |
swapinfo |
swapinfo -a |
free |
swap -l |
swapon -s |
| Activate Swap |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swap -a |
swapon -a |
|
Printers |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
| Printer Queues |
/etc/qconfig |
/var/spool/print |
/etc/lp/interface/* |
/var/spool/lpd/lp/* |
/etc/lp/interfaces/* |
/usr/spool/lpd |
| Stop LP |
stopsrc -s lpd |
|
lpshut |
/etc/init.d/lpd stop |
/usr/lib/lp/lpshut |
/sbin/init.d/lpd stop |
| Start LP |
startsrc -s lpd |
lpd |
lpsched |
/etc/init.d/lpd start |
/usr/lib/lp/lpsched |
/sbin/init.d/lpd start |
| Submit print jobs |
enq
lp
lpr
qprt |
lp |
lp |
lpr |
lp
lpr |
lp
lpr |
| LP statistics |
enq -A
lpq
lpstat
qchk |
lpq |
lpstat |
lpq |
lpstat |
lpstat |
| Remove print jobs |
cancel
lprm
qcan
enq -x |
cancel
lprm |
cancel |
lprm |
cancel
lprm |
cancel
lprm |
| Add printer queue |
smit mkpq |
|
lpadmin -p pq |
printtool |
lpadmin -p pq |
lprsetup |
| Remove Printer queue |
smit rmpq |
|
lpadmin -x pq |
|
lpadmin -x pq |
lprsetup |
| Make default printer |
export LPDEST="pq" |
|
lpadmin -d pq |
|
lpadmin -d pq |
export PRINTER="lp" |
|
TCP/IP |
AIX |
|
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
| Network IP configuration |
lsattr -E -l inet0 |
/etc/rc.conf |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf |
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ |
/etc/hostname.*
/etc/inet/*
/etc/defaultrouter |
/etc/rc.config |
| Hosts IP addresses |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/inet/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
| Name service switch |
/etc/netsvc.conf |
/etc/host.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/svc.conf |
| Network parameters |
no -a |
sysctl |
ndd -h |
sysctl -a | grep net |
ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ? |
|
| Routing daemon |
gated |
routed |
gated |
routed |
in.routed |
routed |
| NIC Configurations |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
lanscan -v |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
| Secondary IP Address |
ifconfig en0 alias IP |
ifconfig xl0 alias IP |
ifconfig lan0:1 IP |
modprobe ip_alias
ifconfig eth0:1 IP |
ifconfig hme0:1 IP up |
ifconfig ln0 alias |
| Login prompt |
HERALD @
/etc/security/login.cfg |
|
telnetd -b /etc/issue |
/etc/issue |
BANNER @
/etc/default/telnetd |
/etc/issue |
| Increase the # of pseudo-terminals |
odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |
odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt
chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
reboot
|
|
rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#
NSTRPY=#
reboot
insf -d ptys -n #
insf -d ptym -n #
insf -d pts -s # -e -v
|
cd /dev
./MAKEDEV -v pty |
{/etc/system}
set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}
set npty = # {BSD}
{/etc/iu.ap}
ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
halt
boot -r
|
cd /dev
./MAKEDEV PTY_1 |
| Maximum # of ptys |
512 |
|
{MAXUSERS} |
256 |
176 {BSD}
3000 {SYSV} |
8192 |
| Remote Shell |
remsh
rsh |
rsh |
remsh |
rsh |
rsh |
rsh |
| YP/NIS service binder |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/usr/sbin/ypbind |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/sbin/ypbind |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/usr/sbin/ypbind |
|
System Files |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
| NFS exported |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/dfs/sharetab |
/etc/exports |
| NFS Client mounted directories |
/etc/xtab |
|
/etc/xtab |
/var/lib/nfs/xtab |
/etc/rmtab |
/var/adm/mountdtab |
| Max File System |
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
2 TB |
1 TB
8000 TB {vxfs} |
128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs} |
| Max File Size |
64 GB |
|
128 GB |
2 GB {512B block size}
8192 GB {8KB block size} |
1 TB
2 GB {=<2.5.1} |
128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs} |
| Max # File Descriptors |
64 K |
|
60~ K |
sysctl fs.file-max |
64 K |
64 K |
|
DISK/LVM Commands |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| Filesystem table |
/etc/filesystems |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/vfstab |
/etc/fstab |
| Free disk blocks |
df -k |
df -k |
bdf |
df -k |
df -k |
df -k |
| Device listing |
lsdev -C |
|
/sbin/ioscan |
cat /proc/devices |
sysdef |
|
| Disk information |
bootinfo -s hdisk# |
fdisk -v ad0 |
diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d# |
cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model |
format -d c#t#d#
format>current
format>inquiry |
file /dev/rrz0c |
| Disk Label |
lspv -l hdisk# |
disklabel ad0 |
pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d# |
fdisk -l |
prtvtoc |
disklabel -p rz0 |
| LVM Concepts |
Partition |
sub disk |
logical extents |
logical extents |
sub disk |
sub disk |
| |
Volume |
Volume |
logical volume |
logical volume |
Volume |
Volume |
| |
|
Plex |
|
|
Plex |
Plex |
| |
Volume group |
|
volume group |
volume group |
disk group |
disk group |
| Journal Filesystem type |
jfs |
|
vxfs |
ext3
reiserfs |
vxfs |
advfs |
| Default volume group |
/dev/rootvg |
|
/dev/vg00 |
|
/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg |
/dev/vol/rootdg |
| Display volume group |
lsvg -l rootvg |
|
vgdisplay -v vg00 |
vgdisplay -v |
vxprint -l -g rootdg |
volprint -l -g rootdg |
| Modify physical volume |
chpv |
|
pvchange |
pvchange |
|
|
| Prepare physical disk |
mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# |
|
pvcreate |
pvcreate |
vxdiskadd |
voldiskadd |
| List physical volume |
lspv |
vinum ld |
pvdisplay |
pvdisplay |
vxprint -dl |
volprint -dl |
| Remove disk from volume group |
reducevg |
|
vgreduce |
vgreduce |
vxdg rmdisk |
voldg rmdisk |
| Move logical volumes to another physical volumes |
migratepv |
vinum move -f drive object |
pvmove |
pvmove |
vxassist move |
volassist move |
| Create volume group |
mkvg |
|
vgcreate |
vgcreate |
vxdg init |
voldg init |
| Remove volume group |
|
|
vgremove |
vgremove |
|
|
| Volume group availability |
chvg
varyonvg
varyoffvg |
|
vgchange |
vgchange |
|
|
| Restore volume group |
|
|
vgcfgrestore |
vgcfgrestore |
|
|
| Exports volume group |
exportvg |
|
vgexport |
vgexport |
vxdg deport |
voldg deport |
| Imports volume group |
importvg |
|
vgimport |
vgimport |
vxdg import |
voldg import |
| Volume group listing |
lsvg |
|
vgscan |
vgscan |
|
|
| Change logical volume characteristics |
chlv |
|
lvchange |
lvchange |
vxedit set |
voledit set |
| List logical volume |
lslv |
vinum lv |
lvdisplay |
lvdisplay |
vxprint -vl |
volprint -vl |
| Make logical volume |
mklv |
|
lvcreate |
lvcreate |
vxassist make |
volassist make |
| Extend logical volume |
extendlv |
|
lvextend |
lvextend |
vxassist growto |
volassist growto |
| Reduce logical volume |
AIX reduce LV |
|
lvreduce |
lvreduce |
vxassist shrinkto |
volassist shrinkto |
| Remove logical volume |
rmlv |
vinum rm vol |
lvremove |
lvremove |
vxedit rm |
voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1 |
| Prepare boot volumes |
bootlist -m normal |
|
lvlnboot |
lilo |
vxbootsetup |
|
| Remove boot volumes |
|
|
lvrmboot |
|
|
|
| Extend File system |
chfs -a size=# /mt |
|
extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8
fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt |
resize2fs
resize_reiserfs |
vxva
mkfs -M |
|
| Reduce/Split mirrors |
rmlvcopy |
|
lvsplit |
lvsplit |
|
|
| Merge mirrors |
|
|
lvmerge |
lvmerge |
|
|
| Create mirrors |
mklv -c 2 |
vinum mirror drive |
lvcreate -m 1 |
|
vxassist mirror |
volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true |
| Add mirrors |
mklvcopy lv 2 |
|
lvextend -m 1 |
|
|
|
| Create striped volumes |
mklv -u 3 -S 64K |
vinum stripe drive |
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 |
volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe |
| System recovery tape |
mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 |
|
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery |
|
|
/usr/sys/bin/btcreate |
| Backup |
savevg -i rootvg |
vinum saveconfig |
fbackup |
tar cvf /dev/rst0 / |
ufsdump |
vdump |
| Restore |
restvg |
|
frecover |
tar xvf /dev/rst0 |
ufsrestore |
vrestore |
|
MISC |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| Startup script |
/etc/rc |
/etc/rc |
/sbin/rc |
/etc/rc.d/rc |
/etc/init.d |
/sbin/init.d |
| Kernel |
/usr/lib/boot/unix_up |
/kernel |
/stand/vmunix |
/boot/vmlinuz |
/kernel/genunix |
/vmunix |
| Kernel Parameters |
lsattr -E -l sys0 |
sysctl -a |
sysdef
kmtune
kmsystem |
sysctl -a |
sysdef -i |
sysconfig
dxkerneltuner |
| Reconfigure the kernel |
chdev -l sys0 -a |
cd /sys/i386/conf
vi KERNEL
config KERNEL
cd ../../compile/KERNEL
make depend
make
make install |
cd /stand/build
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
vi system
mk_kernel -s system
cd /stand
mv system system.prev
mv vmunix vmunix.prev
mv dlkm dlkm.prev
mv /stand/build/system system
kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test |
cd /usr/src/linux
make mrproper
make menuconfig
make dep
make clean
make bzImage
make install
make modules
make modules_install
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16
vi /etc/lilo.conf
lilo
|
vi /etc/system
reboot |
doconfig |
| List modules |
genkex |
kldstat |
kmadmin -s |
lsmod |
modinfo |
|
| Load module |
|
kldload |
kmadmin -L |
insmod |
modload |
|
| Unload module |
|
kldunload |
kmadmin -U |
rmmod |
modunload |
|
| Initialize system |
install_assist |
/stand/sysinstall |
set_parms initial |
netconf |
sys-unconfig |
netsetup |
| Physical RAM |
bootinfo -r |
sysctl hw.physmem |
grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log |
free |
prtconf |
uerf | grep memory |
| Kernel Bits |
bootinfo -K |
|
getconf KERNEL_BITS |
getconf LONG_BIT |
isainfo -kv |
64 |
| Crash utility |
crash |
crash |
adb |
lcrash |
crash |
kdbx |
| Trace System Calls |
syscalls |
truss |
tusc |
strace |
truss |
trace |
| Machine model |
uname -m
bootinfo -m |
uname -m |
model
uname -m |
uname -m |
uname -imp |
uname -p |
| OS Level |
oslevel |
uname -r |
uname -r |
uname -r |
uname -r |
sizer -v |
| Run Level |
who -r |
|
who -r |
runlevel |
who -r |
who -r |
| Core dump files |
/var/adm/ras |
|
/var/adm/crash |
|
/var/crash/`uname -n` |
|
| Boot single user |
Key on service mode/F4
Boot from CD/Tape
Select Maintenance
Limited function Shell |
ok boot -s |
>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS |
{lilo}
control-x
linux S
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot |
ok boot -s |
>>> boot -fl s |
| Maintenance mode |
|
ok boot -as |
>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm |
|
ok boot -as |
|
| Interrupt Key |
|
|
control-B |
|
Stop-A |
control-P |
| Return to console |
|
|
co |
|
ok go |
|
| Timezone Management |
/etc/environment
/etc/profile |
/etc/localtime |
/etc/TIMEZONE |
/etc/sysconfig/clock |
/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init |
/etc/svid3_tz
timezone |
| NTP Daemon |
/etc/ntp.conf
startsrc -s xntpd |
/etc/rc.conf {xntpd_enable="YES"}
/etc/rc.network |
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons
/sbin/init.d/xntpd |
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd |
/etc/inet/ntp.conf
/etc/init.d/xntpd |
rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES
/sbin/init.d/xntpd |
|
Software |
AIX |
|
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| Install Software |
installp -a |
pkg_add |
swinstall |
rpm -i package |
pkgadd |
setld -l |
| Uninstall software |
installp -u |
pkg_delete |
swremove |
rpm -e package |
pkgrm |
setld -d |
| List installed software |
lslpp -L all |
pkg_info -a |
swlist |
rpm -qa |
pkginfo |
setld -i |
| Verify installed software |
lppchk -v |
|
swlist -l fileset -a state |
rpm -V package |
pkginfo -i
pkginfo -p |
setld -v |
| List all files |
lslpp -f fileset |
pkg_info -L package |
swlist -l file fileset |
rpm -ql package |
pkgchk -l package |
setld -i package |
| List installed patches |
instfix -i |
|
swlist -l patch
what /stand/vmunix |
|
patchadd -p |
dupatch -track -type patch |
| Package owner |
lslpp -w path |
|
swlist -l file | grep path |
rpm -qf file |
pkgchk -l -p path |
|
| SW Directory |
/usr/lpp |
/var/db/pkg |
/var/adm/sw/ |
/var/lib/rpm |
/var/sadm |
/var/adm/smlogs |
|
Devices |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| Devices |
/dev |
/dev |
/dev |
/dev |
/devices |
/dev |
| Install devices for attached peripherals |
cfgmgr -v |
/dev/MAKEDEV |
insf -e |
/dev/MAKEDEV |
drvconfig
devlinks
disks
tapes
ports |
scu scan edt
scsimgr -scan_all |
| Remove device |
rmdev -l |
|
rmsf |
|
rem_drv |
|
| Device drivers |
lscfg |
|
lsdev |
|
prtconf -D |
|
| CPU |
lsdev -Cc processor |
sysctl hw.model |
ioscan -fnC processor |
cat /proc/cpuinfo |
psrinfo -v |
psrinfo -v |
| List Terminal |
lsdev -Cc tty |
|
ioscan -fnC tty |
|
pmadm -l |
|
| Diagnostics |
diag |
pciconf -l |
stm |
lspci
pnpdump |
/usr/platform/`uname -m`/
sbin/prtdiag
ok test-all
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts |
|
| Whole Disk |
/dev/hdisk# |
/dev/ad0s1c |
/dev/dsk/c#t#d0 |
/dev/sda |
/dev/c#t#d0s2 |
/dev/rz0c |
| CDROM |
/dev/cd0 |
/dev/acd0c |
/dev/dsk/c#t2d0 |
/dev/cdrom |
/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 |
/dev/rz3c |
| CDROM file type |
cdrfs |
cd9660 |
cdfs |
iso9660 |
hsfs |
cdfs |
| Rewinding tape drive |
/dev/rmt0 |
/dev/rwt0d |
/dev/rmt/0m |
/dev/rst0 { c 9 0} |
/dev/rmt/0 |
/dev/rmt0 |
| Non-rewinding tape drive |
/dev/rmt0.1 |
/dev/nrwt0d |
/dev/rmt/0mn |
/dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } |
/dev/rmt/0n |
/dev/nrmt0 |
| Floppy drive |
/dev/rfd0 |
/dev/fd0 |
- |
/dev/fd0 |
/dev/diskette |
/dev/fd0c |
|
Links |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
| FAQ |
AIX-FAQ |
FreeBSD FAQ |
HP-UX FAQ |
LINUX FAQ |
Solaris 2 FAQ |
Tru64 FAQ |
| Online Manual |
AIX 5.3 Docs |
FreeBSD Hand Book |
HP-UX Reference Manual |
Linux Documentation Project |
Solaris 10 Documentation |
Tru64 Documents |
| Technical Support |
p5 TechSupport |
|
IT Resource Center |
Red Hat support |
SunSolve |
Alpha Systems Support |
| Phone Number |
1-800-CALL-AIX |
|
1-800-633-3600 |
1-888-REDHAT1 |
1-800-USA-4SUN |
1-800-474-6836 |
| Free Software |
Public Domain Software Library |
FreeBSD Primary Site |
HP-UX Ports |
Linux Software Map |
Sun Freeware |
Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware |
| Certification |
www.ibm.com |
|
education.hp.com |
RHCE |
suned.sun.com |
ASE Information |