第三章 數據庫基本語法

          Posted on 2006-11-10 20:16 黑夜ちつ獨行者 閱讀(345) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏
          3.1、創建表
          格式:create table 表名;

          3.2、刪除表
          格式:drop table 表名;

          3.3、創建臨時表
          格式:create gkoabl temporary table temp
          AS
          select Name,PhoneNo from friend;

          3.4、復制表
          格式:create table My_friend AS select*from friend;

          3.5 、創建非空約束 ( not null )

          3.6、指定默認值 ( default '默認值內容' )

          3.7、設定主鍵 ( primary key )

          3.8、設置唯一約束 ( 語句后面加 unipue )

          3.9、設置檢查約束
          格式:age int check(age between 20 and 50);
          或 sex varchar check(sex in ('男','女'));

          3.10 、使用序列 ( sequences)
          格式:
          create sequences friendidseq;
          (序列的初始值為1,增量為1)

          create sequences friendidseq increment by 1
          start with 1000;
          (序列的初始值為1000,增量為1)
          顯示最后一個序列值
          select friendidseq.currval from dual;

          3.11、使用自動編號字段
          格式:create sequences seq;

          create or replace trigger autonumber
          before insert on friend
          for each row
          begin
          select seq.nextval
          into :new.friendid from dual;
          end;

          3.12、外鍵約束
          關鍵字:constraint?? foreign key()
          ?????????????????references?
          舉例
          ?????????create???table???student(
          ?????????studentid?? int???not?? null???primary?? key,
          ?????????name???varchar(20)?? not?? null
          ?????????);
          ?????????
          ?????????create???table???phone(
          ?????????phoneid???int???not???null???primary?? key,
          ?????????studentid?? int???not???null,
          ?????????phone?? varchar(14),

          ?????????constraint?? fid_fk???foreign???key(srudentid)
          ?????????????references????student(studentid)????????
          ?????????)?;

          3.13、創建索引
          ?????????格式:create???index???nameindex?? on?? student (name);???(創建非唯一索引)
          ?????????????????????create???unique???index???nameindex???on???student(name);???(創建唯一索引)??
          ?????????????????????
          ????????查詢索引:
          ??????????????????????select???student.name???from???student???where???name = '但是';????
          ??
          ??????????????????????select???student.name???from???student???where???name =??'%電'?;
          ??????? 刪除索引
          ????????????????????? drop???index???nameindex;???
          ???????????????

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