such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副
詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much, little連用,形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)] such +n. [不可數(shù)]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換也是so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
so和such的用法小結(jié)
在初中英語(yǔ)課本和各省市的英語(yǔ)中考試題中,so和such兩個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。這兩個(gè)詞的用法和區(qū)別正是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)上的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面將二者的用法小結(jié)如下,供老師們參考。
一、so的常見(jiàn)用法
1.當(dāng)so作副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),表示程度,意為“這么”、“那么”。如:
Don’ t be so silly.
別那么傻。
He ran so fast.
他跑得那么快。
2.如果so后無(wú)形容詞,則so不能與名詞連用。如:
I’ ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).
我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)個(gè)兒那么高的小孩。
切不可以說(shuō)"He is so a child.”
但是,so little,so much可與不可數(shù)名詞連用,so few,so many可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。如:
Tom ate so much food a meal.
湯姆一餐吃了那么多的食物。
There’ re so few people in the hall.
大廳里的人很少。
3.So…that 意為“如此……以至于……”,是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型,也是中考常考的句型。如:
Jane’ s leg was so painful that she couldn’ t move at all.
簡(jiǎn)的腿那么疼,以至于根本動(dòng)不了。
該句型還可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“So + adj.+ a/an+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.
麥克這么聰明,大家都喜歡他。
so that意為“以便”、“為的是”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(該目的狀語(yǔ)通常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ))如:
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.
他們能幫助你比較兩種不同的產(chǎn)品,以便你能買到自己真正喜歡的。
so that從句還可表示結(jié)果,意為“因此”, 如:
His pen is missing,so that he hasn’ t done his homework.
他的筆不見(jiàn)了,因此他無(wú)法完成作業(yè)。
4.so與動(dòng)詞say,tell,think,believe,suppose等連用,可以替代一個(gè)意義完整的賓語(yǔ)從句。如:
Is she a top student in her class? Yes,I think so.
她是她們班最好的學(xué)生嗎? 是的,我想是這樣。
so與動(dòng)詞do連用,意為“這樣做”,以避免重復(fù)前面的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。而if so意為“如果是這樣”。如:
He did so in order to help her.
他這樣做是為了幫助她。
Are you a student? If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please?
你是學(xué)生嗎? 如果是,請(qǐng)問(wèn)你叫什么名字?
5.“So + be/其他助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),意為“同樣”、“也”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)在中考試題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。如:
—I usually go to bed at night.
—So do I.
—我通常晚上睡覺(jué)。
—我也是。
6.so作連詞,表示結(jié)果,意為“所以”、“因此”。如:
—How do you like this shirt?
—It’ s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.
—你喜歡這件襯衣嗎?
—它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜歡。
7.“not so +adj./adv.(原級(jí))+as"是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的比較級(jí)句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是“不如”、“不及”。如:
The man doesn’ t work so hard as me.
這個(gè)人工作不如我努力。
二、such的常見(jiàn)用法
1.such是限定詞,常和名詞連用,意為“如此的”、“這樣的”。如:
She is such a kind woman.
她是一個(gè)如此善良的女人。
Grandpa often told us such funny stories.
爺爺常給我們講這么有趣的故事。
Don't go out in such bad weather.
天氣這么糟,不要出去了。
2.such as/such…as與such…that的意義和用法均不相同。such as/such…as意為“比如”、“例如”,相當(dāng)于for example,引出同位語(yǔ);而such…that意為“如此……以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。試比較以下兩句。
People such as him(=Such people as him) 1ike to stay home on weekends.
像他那樣的人喜歡周末呆在家里。
He spoke in such a low voice that the other two couldn’t hear.
他說(shuō)話的聲音很低,另外兩人聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。
三、so…that,such…that與enough to及too…to結(jié)構(gòu)的互換,常出現(xiàn)在句型轉(zhuǎn)換或改寫(xiě)句子的練習(xí)或考題中。
當(dāng)句子具有肯定意義時(shí),so…that或 such…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換或改寫(xiě)成enough to 結(jié)構(gòu),而意思保持不變。如:
Jack is so old that he can join the army.
(=Jack is so old a boy that join the army.)
Jack is such an old boy that he can join the army.
Jack is old enough to join the army.
當(dāng)句子具有否定意義時(shí),so…that或such… that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換或改寫(xiě)成具有否定意義的 too…to結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
The 1ady is so weak that she can’t go any further.( =She is so weak a 1ady that she can’ t go any further.)
She is such a weak lady that she can’ t go any further.
The lady is too weak to go any further.