原文出處：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/rationaledge/content/mar06/eeles/

總結(jié)如下：

一，關(guān)于架構(gòu)的定義，不同的組織都有各自的定義
1，架構(gòu)是在組件之間以及與環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系。[IEEE 1471]
??? Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution.

2，架構(gòu)是對(duì)軟件系統(tǒng)組織，結(jié)構(gòu)部分和系統(tǒng)包含接口的選擇，集合部分的特定行為，較大子系統(tǒng)部分的構(gòu)成和架構(gòu)風(fēng)格的重大決定的設(shè)置。
?? An architecture is the set of significant decisions about the organization of a software system, the selection of structural elements and their interfaces by which the system is composed, together with their behavior as specified in the collaborations among those elements, the composition of these elements into progressively larger subsystems, and the architectural style that guides this organization -- these elements and their interfaces, their collaborations, and their composition. [Kruchten]

3，系統(tǒng)或計(jì)算機(jī)的軟件架構(gòu)是包含軟件部分，外部可見特性部分，和他們之間關(guān)系的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
?? The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software elements, the externally visible properties of those elements, and the relationships among them. [Bass et al.]⁵
4，[架構(gòu)]是系統(tǒng)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和相關(guān)行為。架構(gòu)可被重復(fù)分解為通過接口，互聯(lián)部分的關(guān)系和結(jié)合部相互作用的部分。通過接口相互作用的部分包括類，組件和子系統(tǒng)。
??? [UML 1.5]⁶?? [Architecture is] the organizational structure and associated behavior of a system. An architecture can be recursively decomposed into parts that interact through interfaces, relationships that connect parts, and constraints for assembling parts. Parts that interact through interfaces include classes, components and subsystems. [UML 1.5]⁶

5，軟件架構(gòu)或系統(tǒng)由組成系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)的相互作用和軟件結(jié)構(gòu)的重要設(shè)計(jì)決定組成。設(shè)計(jì)決定應(yīng)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)所期望支持的質(zhì)量。設(shè)計(jì)決定為系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，支持和維護(hù)提供概念上的基礎(chǔ)。
?? The software architecture of a system or a collection of systems consists of all the important design decisions?about the software structures and the interactions between those structures that comprise the systems. The design decisions support a desired set of qualities that the system should support to be successful. The design decisions provide a conceptual basis for system development, support, and maintenance. [McGovern]⁷
?
二，架構(gòu)的組成和作用
1，一個(gè)架構(gòu)定義結(jié)構(gòu)
2，一個(gè)架構(gòu)定義行為
3，一個(gè)架構(gòu)關(guān)注于重要元素
4，一個(gè)架構(gòu)可以平衡涉眾需求
5，一個(gè)架構(gòu)基于基本原理體現(xiàn)決策
6，一個(gè)架構(gòu)可以符合一個(gè)架構(gòu)樣式。
7，一個(gè)架構(gòu)被其環(huán)境所影響
8，一個(gè)架構(gòu)影響團(tuán)隊(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)
9，一個(gè)架構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)在每個(gè)系統(tǒng)中
10，一個(gè)架構(gòu)擁有特定的范圍