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          Propagation behavior:

          PROPAGATION_MANDATORY:
           Indicates that the method must run within a transaction. If no
           existing transaction is in progress, an exception will be thrown.


          PROPAGATION_NESTED:
           Indicates that the method should be run within a nested transaction
           if an existing transaction is in progress. The nested transaction
           can be committed and rolled back individually from the enclosing
           transaction. If no enclosing transaction exists, behaves like
          PROPAGATION_REQUIRED:
           Beware that vendor support for this propagation behavior is spotty at best.
           Consult the documentation for your resource  manager to determine if nested
           transactions are supported.
          PROPAGATION_NEVER:
           Indicates that the current method should not run within a transactional
           context. If there is an existing transaction in progress, an
           exception will be thrown.
          PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED:
           Indicates that the method should not run within a transaction. If an
           existing transaction is in progress, it will be suspended for the
           duration of the method. If using JTATransactionManager,
           access to TransactionManager is required.
          PROPAGATION_REQUIRED:
           Indicates that the current method must run within a transaction. If
           an existing transaction is in progress, the method will run within
           that transaction. Otherwise, a new transaction will be started.
          PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW:
           Indicates that the current method must run within its own transaction.
           A new transaction is started and if an existing transaction is in
           progress, it will be suspended for the duration of the method. If
           using JTATransactionManager, access to Transaction-
           Manager is required.
          PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS:
           Indicates that the current method does not require a transactional
           context, but may run within a transaction if one is already in
           progress.


          Isolation levels:
          In a typical application, multiple transactions run concurrently, often working
          with the same data to get their job done. Concurrency, while necessary, can lead
          to the following problems:
           ■ Dirty read—Dirty reads occur when one transaction reads data that has
           been written but not yet committed by another transaction. If the
           changes are later rolled back, the data obtained by the first transaction
           will be invalid.
           ■ Nonrepeatable read—Nonrepeatable reads happen when a transaction performs
           the same query two or more times and each time the data is different.
           This is usually due to another concurrent transaction updating the
           data between the queries.
           ■ Phantom reads—Phantom reads are similar to nonrepeatable reads. These
           occur when a transaction (T1) reads several rows, then a concurrent transaction
           (T2) inserts rows. Upon subsequent queries, the first transaction
           (T1) finds additional rows that were not there before.


          Isolation level:
          ISOLATION_DEFAULT:
           Use the default isolation level of the underlying datastore.
          ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED:
           Allows you to read changes that have not yet been committed. May
           result in dirty reads, phantom reads, and nonrepeatable reads.
          ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED:
           Allows reads from concurrent transactions that have been committed.
           Dirty reads are prevented, but phantom and nonrepeatable
           reads may still occur.
          ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ:
           Multiple reads of the same field will yield the same results, unless
           changed by the transaction itself. Dirty reads and nonrepeatable
           reads are prevented by phantom reads may still occur.
          ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE:
           This fully ACID-compliant isolation level ensures that dirty reads,
           nonrepeatable reads, and phantom reads are all prevented. This is
           the slowest of all isolation levels because it is typically accomplished
           by doing full table locks on the tables involved in the transaction. 


          文章來源:http://blog.csdn.net/Wingel/archive/2006/11/26/1414826.aspx
          posted on 2006-11-29 11:21 Wingel 閱讀(216) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏

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