Todd

啟動數據庫實例，分為兩步：第一步，啟動監聽；第二步，啟動數據庫實例。
 
一、如何啟動數據庫實例
   1.進入到sqlplus啟動實例
[oracle@redhat ~]$ su - oracle                                 --“切換到oracle用戶”
Password:
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl start                               --“打開監聽”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus /nolog                                --“進入到sqlplus”
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 19:06:45 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba                                              --“連接到sysdba”
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup                                                     --“啟動數據庫實例”
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size      1218968 bytes
Variable Size     88082024 bytes
Database Buffers   188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers      7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> shutdown immediate                                          --“關閉數據庫實例”
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl stop                                 --“關閉監聽”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:08:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
The command completed successfully
 
   2.用dbstart和dbshut啟動和關閉數據庫實例
 
先啟動監聽 lsnrctl start
啟動實例  dbstart
 
使用dbstart命令啟動數據庫比較方便，但是在linux上安裝好oracle之后，第一次使用dbstart命令可能會報如下錯誤：
 
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME

原因：
dbstart和dbshut腳本文件中ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER的設置有問題，分別打開兩個文件找到：用vi編輯dbstart，ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改為
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
 
 
然后保存退出，此時再運行dbstart，已經不報錯了，但是沒有任何反應，ps一下進程，沒有oracle的進程，說明oracle實例沒有正常啟動。
 
此時的原因是在/etc/oratab的設置問題，我們vi一下，發現
zgz:/home/oracle/product/10g:N
最后設置的是"N"（我的環境中只有一個實例，因此只有一行配置語句），我們需要把“N”修改為“Y”。
 
以上的工作做好之后，dbstart就可以正常使用了：
 
[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl start                                   --“啟動監聽”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                14-OCT-2009 19:44:53
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbstart                                   --“啟動數據庫實例”
Processing Database instance "zgz": log file /home/oracle/product/10g/startup.log
[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbshut                                    --“關閉數據庫實例”
[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl stop                              --“關閉監聽”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:45:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
The command completed successfully
 
二、如何使數據庫實例和linux系統一起啟動
在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下語句即可實現同系統啟動實例：
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"
su - oracle -c "dbstart"