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概述
1.1. 背景
在應用程序中添加日志記錄總的來說基于三個目的：監視代碼中變量的變化情況，周期性的記錄到文件中供其他應用進行統計分析工作；跟蹤代碼運行時軌跡，作為日后審計的依據；擔當集成開發環境中的調試器的作用，向文件或控制臺打印代碼的調試信息。
最普通的做法就是在代碼中嵌入許多的打印語句，這些打印語句可以輸出到控制臺或文件中，比較好的做法就是構造一個日志操作類來封裝此類操作，而不是讓一系列的打印語句充斥了代碼的主體。
1.2. Log4j簡介
在強調可重用組件開發的今天，除了自己從頭到尾開發一個可重用的日志操作類外，Apache為我們提供了一個強有力的日志操作包-Log4j。
Log4j是Apache的一個開放源代碼項目，通過使用Log4j，我們可以控制日志信息輸送的目的地是控制臺、文件、GUI組件、甚至是套接口服務器、NT的事件記錄器、UNIX Syslog守護進程等；我們也可以控制每一條日志的輸出格式；通過定義每一條日志信息的級別，我們能夠更加細致地控制日志的生成過程。最令人感興趣的就是，這些可以通過一個配置文件來靈活地進行配置，而不需要修改應用的代碼。
此外，通過Log4j其他語言接口，您可以在C、C++、.Net、PL/SQL程序中使用Log4j，其語法和用法與在Java程序中一樣，使得多語言分布式系統得到一個統一一致的日志組件模塊。而且，通過使用各種第三方擴展，您可以很方便地將Log4j集成到J2EE、JINI甚至是SNMP應用中。
本文介紹的Log4j版本是1.2.3。作者試圖通過一個簡單的客戶/服務器Java程序例子對比使用與不使用Log4j 1.2.3的差別，并詳細講解了在實踐中最常使用Log4j的方法和步驟。在強調可重用組件開發的今天，相信Log4j將會給廣大的設計開發人員帶來方便。加入到Log4j的隊伍來吧！
一個簡單的例子
我們先來看一個簡單的例子，它是一個用Java實現的客戶/服務器網絡程序。剛開始我們不使用Log4j，而是使用了一系列的打印語句，然后我們將使用Log4j來實現它的日志功能。這樣，大家就可以清楚地比較出前后兩個代碼的差別。
2.1. 不使用Log4j
2.1.1. 客戶程序
package log4j ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;
/**
*
* <p> Client Without Log4j </p>
* <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
* @version 1.0
*/
public class ClientWithoutLog4j {
/**
*
* @param args
*/
public static void main ( String args [] ) {
String welcome = null;
String response = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
PrintWriter writer = null;
InputStream in = null;
OutputStream out = null;
Socket client = null;
try {
client = new Socket ( "localhost", 8001 ) ;
System.out.println ( "info: Client socket: " + client ) ;
in = client.getInputStream () ;
out = client.getOutputStream () ;
} catch ( IOException e ) {
System.out.println ( "error: IOException : " + e ) ;
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
}
try{
reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ), true ) ;
welcome = reader.readLine () ;
System.out.println ( "debug: Server says: '" + welcome + "'" ) ;
System.out.println ( "debug: HELLO" ) ;
writer.println ( "HELLO" ) ;
response = reader.readLine () ;
System.out.println ( "debug: Server responds: '" + response + "'") ;
System.out.println ( "debug: HELP" ) ;
writer.println ( "HELP" ) ;
response = reader.readLine () ;
System.out.println ( "debug: Server responds: '" + response + "'" ) ;
System.out.println ( "debug: QUIT" ) ;
writer.println ( "QUIT" ) ;
} catch ( IOException e ) {
System.out.println ( "warn: IOException in client.in.readln()" ) ;
System.out.println ( e ) ;
}
try{
Thread.sleep ( 2000 ) ;
} catch ( Exception ignored ) {}
}
}
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2.1.2. 服務器程序
package log4j ;
import java.util.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;
/**
*
* <p> Server Without Log4j </p>
* <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
* @version 1.0
*/
public class ServerWithoutLog4j {
final static int SERVER_PORT = 8001 ; // this server's port
/**
*
* @param args
*/
public static void main ( String args [] ) {
String clientRequest = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
PrintWriter writer = null;
ServerSocket server = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream in = null;
OutputStream out = null;
try {
server = new ServerSocket ( SERVER_PORT ) ;
System.out.println ( "info: ServerSocket before accept: " + server ) ;
System.out.println ( "info: Java server without log4j, on-line!" ) ;
// wait for client's connection
socket = server.accept () ;
System.out.println ( "info: ServerSocket after accept: " + server ) ;
in = socket.getInputStream () ;
out = socket.getOutputStream () ;
} catch ( IOException e ) {
System.out.println( "error: Server constructor IOException: " + e ) ;
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
}
reader = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ) , true ) ;
// send welcome string to client
writer.println ( "Java server without log4j, " + new Date () ) ;
while ( true ) {
try {
// read from client
clientRequest = reader.readLine () ;
System.out.println ( "debug: Client says: " + clientRequest ) ;
if ( clientRequest.startsWith ( "HELP" ) ) {
System.out.println ( "debug: OK!" ) ;
writer.println ( "Vocabulary: HELP QUIT" ) ;
}
else {
if ( clientRequest.startsWith ( "QUIT" ) ) {
System.out.println ( "debug: OK!" ) ;
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
}
else{
System.out.println ( "warn: Command '" +
clientRequest + "' not understood." ) ;
writer.println ( "Command '" + clientRequest
+ "' not understood." ) ;
}
}
} catch ( IOException e ) {
System.out.println ( "error: IOException in Server " + e ) ;
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
}
}
}
}
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2.2. 遷移到Log4j
2.2.1. 客戶程序
package log4j ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;
// add for log4j: import some package
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator ;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger ;
import org.apache.log4j.Level ;
/**
*
* <p> Client With Log4j </p>
* <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
* @version 1.0
*/
public class ClientWithLog4j {
/*
add for log4j: class Logger is the central class in the log4j package.
we can do most logging operations by Logger except configuration.
getLogger(...): retrieve a logger by name, if not then create for it.
*/
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger
( ClientWithLog4j.class.getName () ) ;
/**
*
* @param args : configuration file name
*/
public static void main ( String args [] ) {
String welcome = null ;
String response = null ;
BufferedReader reader = null ;
PrintWriter writer = null ;
InputStream in = null ;
OutputStream out = null ;
Socket client = null ;
/*
add for log4j: class BasicConfigurator can quickly configure the package.
print the information to console.
*/
PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "ClientWithLog4j.properties" ) ;
// add for log4j: set the level
// logger.setLevel ( ( Level ) Level.DEBUG ) ;
try{
client = new Socket( "localhost" , 8001 ) ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the info level
logger.info ( "Client socket: " + client ) ;
in = client.getInputStream () ;
out = client.getOutputStream () ;
} catch ( IOException e ) {
// add for log4j: log a message with the error level
logger.error ( "IOException : " + e ) ;
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
}
try{
reader = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ), true ) ;
welcome = reader.readLine () ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "Server says: '" + welcome + "'" ) ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "HELLO" ) ;
writer.println ( "HELLO" ) ;
response = reader.readLine () ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "Server responds: '" + response + "'" ) ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "HELP" ) ;
writer.println ( "HELP" ) ;
response = reader.readLine () ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "Server responds: '" + response + "'") ;
// add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
logger.debug ( "QUIT" ) ;
writer.println ( "QUIT" ) ;
} catch ( IOException e ) {
// add for log4j: log a message with the warn level
logger.warn ( "IOException in client.in.readln()" ) ;
System.out.println ( e ) ;
}
try {
Thread.sleep ( 2000 ) ;
} catch ( Exception ignored ) {}
}
}
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posted on 2007-01-03 16:36
???MengChuChen 閱讀(282)
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