2009年7月22日

          ?HTML中<,>,&等有特殊含義(<,>,用于鏈接簽,&用于轉義),不能直接使用。這些符號是不顯示在我們最終看到的網頁里的,那如果我們希望在網頁中顯示這些符號,該怎么辦呢?

          這就要說到HTML轉義字符串(Escape Sequence)了。

          轉義字符串 (Escape Sequence)也稱字符實體(Character Entity)。在HTML中,定義轉義字符串的原因有兩個:第一個原因是像“<”和“>”這類符號已經用來表示HTML標簽,因此就不能直接當作文本中的符號來使用。為了在HTML文檔中使用這些符號,就需要定義它的轉義字符串。當解釋程序遇到這類字符串時就把它解釋為真實的字符。在輸入轉義字符串時,要嚴格遵守字母大小寫的規則。第二個原因是,有些字符在ASCII字符集中沒有定義,因此需要使用轉義字符串來表示。

          轉義字符串的組成

          轉義字符串(Escape Sequence),即字符實體(Character Entity)分成三部分:第一部分是一個&符號,英文叫ampersand;第二部分是實體(Entity)名字或者是#加上實體(Entity)編號;第三部分是一個分號。

          比如,要顯示小于號(<),就可以寫 &lt; 或者 &#60; 。

          用實體(Entity)名字的好處是比較好理解,一看lt,大概就猜出是less than的意思,但是其劣勢在于并不是所有的瀏覽器都支持最新的Entity名字。而實體(Entity)編號,各種瀏覽器都能處理。

          提示:實體名稱(Entity)是區分大小寫的。

          備注:同一個符號,可以用“實體名稱”和“實體編號”兩種方式引用,“實體名稱”的優勢在于便于記憶,但不能保證所有的瀏覽器都能順利識別它,而“實體編號”則沒有這種擔憂,但它實在不方便記憶。

          如何顯示空格?

          通常情況下,HTML會自動截去多余的空格。不管你加多少空格,都被看做一個空格。比如你在兩個字之間加了10個空格,HTML會截去9個空格,只保留一個。為了在網頁中增加空格,你可以使用&nbsp;表示空格。


          HTML特殊轉義字符列表

          最常用的字符實體
          Character Entities

          顯示 說明 實體名稱 實體編號
          半方大的空白 &ensp; &#8194;
          全方大的空白 &emsp; &#8195;
          不斷行的空白格 &nbsp; &#160;
          < 小于 &lt; &#60;
          > 大于 &gt; &#62;
          & &符號 &amp; &#38;
          " 雙引號 &quot; &#34;
          ? 版權 &copy; &#169;
          ? 已注冊商標 &reg; &#174;
          ? 商標(美國) ? &#8482;
          × 乘號 &times; &#215;
          ÷ 除號 &divide; &#247;

          ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)字符集

          HTML 4.01 支持 ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) 字符集。

          備注:為了方便起見,以下表格中,“實體名稱”簡稱為“名稱”,“實體編號”簡稱為“編號”

          顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號
          ? &nbsp; &#160; ? &iexcl; &#161; &cent; &#162; &pound; &#163; ¤ &curren; &#164;
          &yen; &#165; | &brvbar; &#166; § &sect; &#167; ¨ &uml; &#168; ? &copy; &#169;
          a &ordf; &#170; ? &laquo; &#171; ? &not; &#172; - &shy; &#173; ? &reg; &#174;
          ˉ &macr; &#175; ° &deg; &#176; ± &plusmn; &#177; 2 &sup2; &#178; 3 &sup3; &#179;
          &acute; &#180; μ &micro; &#181; ? &para; &#182; · &middot; &#183; ? &cedil; &#184;
          1 &sup1; &#185; o &ordm; &#186; ? &raquo; &#187; ? &frac14; &#188; ? &frac12; &#189;
          ? &frac34; &#190; ? &iquest; &#191; à &Agrave; &#192; á &Aacute; &#193; ? &Acirc; &#194;
          ? &Atilde; &#195; ? &Auml; &#196; ? &Aring; &#197; ? &AElig; &#198; ? &Ccedil; &#199;
          è &Egrave; &#200; é &Eacute; &#201; ê &Ecirc; &#202; ? &Euml; &#203; ì &Igrave; &#204;
          í &Iacute; &#205; ? &Icirc; &#206; ? &Iuml; &#207; D &ETH; &#208; ? &Ntilde; &#209;
          ò &Ograve; &#210; ó &Oacute; &#211; ? &Ocirc; &#212; ? &Otilde; &#213; ? &Ouml; &#214;
          × &times; &#215; ? &Oslash; &#216; ù &Ugrave; &#217; ú &Uacute; &#218; ? &Ucirc; &#219;
          ü &Uuml; &#220; Y &Yacute; &#221; T &THORN; &#222; ? &szlig; &#223; à &agrave; &#224;
          á &aacute; &#225; a &acirc; &#226; ? &atilde; &#227; ? &auml; &#228; ? &aring; &#229;
          ? &aelig; &#230; ? &ccedil; &#231; è &egrave; &#232; é &eacute; &#233; ê &ecirc; &#234;
          ? &euml; &#235; ì &igrave; &#236; í &iacute; &#237; ? &icirc; &#238; ? &iuml; &#239;
          e &eth; &#240; ? &ntilde; &#241; ò &ograve; &#242; ó &oacute; &#243; ? &ocirc; &#244;
          ? &otilde; &#245; ? &ouml; &#246; ÷ &divide; &#247; ? &oslash; &#248; ù &ugrave; &#249;
          ú &uacute; &#250; ? &ucirc; &#251; ü &uuml; &#252; y &yacute; &#253; t &thorn; &#254;
          ? &yuml; &#255;

          數學和希臘字母標志
          symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters

          顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號
          ? &fnof; &#402; Α &Alpha; &#913; Β &Beta; &#914; Γ &Gamma; &#915; Δ &Delta; &#916;
          Ε &Epsilon; &#917; Ζ &Zeta; &#918; Η &Eta; &#919; Θ &Theta; &#920; Ι &Iota; &#921;
          Κ &Kappa; &#922; Λ &Lambda; &#923; Μ &Mu; &#924; Ν &Nu; &#925; Ξ &Xi; &#926;
          Ο &Omicron; &#927; Π &Pi; &#928; Ρ &Rho; &#929; Σ &Sigma; &#931; Τ &Tau; &#932;
          Υ &Upsilon; &#933; Φ &Phi; &#934; Χ &Chi; &#935; Ψ &Psi; &#936; Ω &Omega; &#937;
          α &alpha; &#945; β &beta; &#946; γ &gamma; &#947; δ &delta; &#948; ε &epsilon; &#949;
          ζ &zeta; &#950; η &eta; &#951; θ &theta; &#952; ι &iota; &#953; κ &kappa; &#954;
          λ &lambda; &#955; μ &mu; &#956; ν &nu; &#957; ξ &xi; &#958; ο &omicron; &#959;
          π &pi; &#960; ρ &rho; &#961; ? &sigmaf; &#962; σ &sigma; &#963; τ &tau; &#964;
          υ &upsilon; &#965; φ &phi; &#966; χ &chi; &#967; ψ &psi; &#968; ω &omega; &#969;
          ? &thetasym; &#977; ? &upsih; &#978; ? &piv; &#982; ? &bull; &#8226; &hellip; &#8230;
          &prime; &#8242; &Prime; &#8243; &oline; &#8254; ? &frasl; &#8260; ? &weierp; &#8472;
          ? &image; &#8465; ? &real; &#8476; ? &trade; &#8482; ? &alefsym; &#8501; &larr; &#8592;
          &uarr; &#8593; &rarr; &#8594; &darr; &#8595; ? &harr; &#8596; ? &crarr; &#8629;
          ? &lArr; &#8656; ? &uArr; &#8657; ? &rArr; &#8658; ? &dArr; &#8659; ? &hArr; &#8660;
          ? &forall; &#8704; ? &part; &#8706; ? &exist; &#8707; ? &empty; &#8709; ? &nabla; &#8711;
          &isin; &#8712; ? &notin; &#8713; ? &ni; &#8715; &prod; &#8719; &sum; &#8721;
          ? &minus; &#8722; ? &lowast; &#8727; &radic; &#8730; &prop; &#8733; &infin; &#8734;
          &ang; &#8736; &and; &#8743; &or; &#8744; &cap; &#8745; &cup; &#8746;
          &int; &#8747; &there4; &#8756; &sim; &#8764; &cong; &#8773; &asymp; &#8776;
          &ne; &#8800; &equiv; &#8801; &le; &#8804; &ge; &#8805; ? &sub; &#8834;
          ? &sup; &#8835; ? &nsub; &#8836; ? &sube; &#8838; ? &supe; &#8839; &oplus; &#8853;
          ? &otimes; &#8855; &perp; &#8869; ? &sdot; &#8901; ? &lceil; &#8968; ? &rceil; &#8969;
          ? &lfloor; &#8970; ? &rfloor; &#8971; ? &lang; &#9001; ? &rang; &#9002; ? &loz; &#9674;
          ? &spades; &#9824; ? &clubs; &#9827; ? &hearts; &#9829; ? &diams; &#9830;

          重要的國際標記
          markup-significant and internationalization characters

          顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號 顯示 名稱 編號
          " &quot; &#34; & &amp; &#38; < &lt; &#60; > &gt; &#62; ? &OElig; &#338;
          ? &oelig; &#339; ? &Scaron; &#352; ? &scaron; &#353; ? &Yuml; &#376; ? &circ; &#710;
          ? &tilde; &#732; ? &ensp; &#8194; ? &emsp; &#8195; ? &thinsp; &#8201; ? &zwnj; &#8204;
          ? &zwj; &#8205; ? &lrm; &#8206; ? &rlm; &#8207; &ndash; &#8211; &mdash; &#8212;
          &lsquo; &#8216; &rsquo; &#8217; ? &sbquo; &#8218; &ldquo; &#8220; &rdquo; &#8221;
          ? &bdquo; &#8222; ? &dagger; &#8224; ? &Dagger; &#8225; &permil; &#8240; ? &lsaquo; &#8249;
          ? &rsaquo; &#8250; &euro; &#8364;

          JavaScript轉義符

          轉義序列 字符
          \b 退格
          \f 走紙換頁
          \n 換行
          \r 回車
          \t 橫向跳格 (Ctrl-I)
          \' 單引號
          \" 雙引號
          \\ 反斜杠

          編程的時候要注意特殊字符的問題,很多運行時出現的問題都是因為特殊字符的出現而引起的。

          注意,由于反斜杠本身用作轉義符,因此不能直接在腳本中鍵入一個反斜杠。如果要產生一個反斜杠,必須一起鍵入兩個反斜杠 (\\)。


          編碼轉換(to Unicode)

          (程序代碼來源于網絡)

          Js版

          <script>
          ???? test = "你好abc"
          ???? str = ""
          ???? for( i=0;??? i<test.length; i++ )
          ???? {
          ????  temp = test.charCodeAt(i).toString(16);
          ????  str??? += "\\u"+ new Array(5-String(temp).length).join("0") +temp;
          ???? }
          ???? document.write (str)
          </script>


          vbs版


          Function Unicode(str1)
          ???? Dim str,temp
          ???? str = ""
          ???? For i=1??? to len(str1)
          ????  temp = Hex(AscW(Mid(str1,i,1)))
          ????  If len(temp) < 5 Then??? temp = right("0000" & temp, 4)
          ????  str = str & "\u" & temp
          ???? Next
          ???? Unicode = str
          End Function


          Function htmlentities(str)
          ???? For i = 1 to Len(str)
          ???????? char = mid(str, i, 1)
          ???????? If Ascw(char) > 128 then
          ???????????? htmlentities = htmlentities & "&#" & Ascw(char) & ";"
          ???????? Else
          ???????????? htmlentities = htmlentities & char
          ???????? End if
          ???? Next
          End Function

          coldfusion

          function nochaoscode(str)
          {
          ???? var new_str = “”;
          ???? for(i=1; i lte len(str);i=i+1){
          ???????? if(asc(mid(str,i,1)) lt 128){
          ???????????? new_str = new_str & mid(str,i,1);
          ???????? }else{
          ???????????? new_str = new_str & “&##” & asc(mid(str,i,1));
          ???????? }
          ???? }
          ???? return new_str;
          }


          附:

          在php中我們可以用mbstring的mb_convert_encoding函數實現這個正向及反向的轉化。 如:


          mb_convert_encoding ("你好", "HTML-ENTITIES", "gb2312"); //輸出:&#20320;&#22909;

          mb_convert_encoding ("&#20320;&#22909;", "gb2312", "HTML-ENTITIES"); //輸出:你好

          如果需要對整個頁面轉化,則只需要在php文件的頭部加上這三行代碼:

          mb_internal_encoding("gb2312"); // 這里的gb2312是你網站原來的編碼

          mb_http_output("HTML-ENTITIES");

          ob_start('mb_output_handler');

          posted @ 2009-08-05 15:32 zhuyongjp 閱讀(1853) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
           

          keycode??? 8 = BackSpace BackSpace
          keycode??? 9 = Tab Tab
          keycode?? 12 = Clear
          keycode?? 13 = Enter
          keycode?? 16 = Shift_L
          keycode?? 17 = Control_L
          keycode?? 18 = Alt_L
          keycode?? 19 = Pause
          keycode?? 20 = Caps_Lock
          keycode?? 27 = Escape Escape
          keycode?? 32 = space space
          keycode?? 33 = Prior
          keycode?? 34 = Next
          keycode?? 35 = End
          keycode?? 36 = Home
          keycode?? 37 = Left
          keycode?? 38 = Up
          keycode?? 39 = Right
          keycode?? 40 = Down
          keycode?? 41 = Select
          keycode?? 42 = Print
          keycode?? 43 = Execute
          keycode?? 45 = Insert
          keycode?? 46 = Delete
          keycode?? 47 = Help
          keycode?? 48 = 0 equal braceright
          keycode?? 49 = 1 exclam onesuperior
          keycode?? 50 = 2 quotedbl twosuperior
          keycode?? 51 = 3 section threesuperior
          keycode?? 52 = 4 dollar
          keycode?? 53 = 5 percent
          keycode?? 54 = 6 ampersand
          keycode?? 55 = 7 slash braceleft
          keycode?? 56 = 8 parenleft bracketleft
          keycode?? 57 = 9 parenright bracketright
          keycode?? 65 = a A
          keycode?? 66 = b B
          keycode?? 67 = c C
          keycode?? 68 = d D
          keycode?? 69 = e E EuroSign
          keycode?? 70 = f F
          keycode?? 71 = g G
          keycode?? 72 = h H
          keycode?? 73 = i I
          keycode?? 74 = j J
          keycode?? 75 = k K
          keycode?? 76 = l L
          keycode?? 77 = m M mu
          keycode?? 78 = n N
          keycode?? 79 = o O
          keycode?? 80 = p P
          keycode?? 81 = q Q at
          keycode?? 82 = r R
          keycode?? 83 = s S
          keycode?? 84 = t T
          keycode?? 85 = u U
          keycode?? 86 = v V
          keycode?? 87 = w W
          keycode?? 88 = x X
          keycode?? 89 = y Y
          keycode?? 90 = z Z
          keycode?? 96 = KP_0 KP_0
          keycode?? 97 = KP_1 KP_1
          keycode?? 98 = KP_2 KP_2
          keycode?? 99 = KP_3 KP_3
          keycode 100 = KP_4 KP_4
          keycode 101 = KP_5 KP_5
          keycode 102 = KP_6 KP_6
          keycode 103 = KP_7 KP_7
          keycode 104 = KP_8 KP_8
          keycode 105 = KP_9 KP_9
          keycode 106 = KP_Multiply KP_Multiply
          keycode 107 = KP_Add KP_Add
          keycode 108 = KP_Separator KP_Separator
          keycode 109 = KP_Subtract KP_Subtract
          keycode 110 = KP_Decimal KP_Decimal
          keycode 111 = KP_Divide KP_Divide
          keycode 112 = F1
          keycode 113 = F2
          keycode 114 = F3
          keycode 115 = F4
          keycode 116 = F5
          keycode 117 = F6
          keycode 118 = F7
          keycode 119 = F8
          keycode 120 = F9
          keycode 121 = F10
          keycode 122 = F11
          keycode 123 = F12
          keycode 124 = F13
          keycode 125 = F14
          keycode 126 = F15
          keycode 127 = F16
          keycode 128 = F17
          keycode 129 = F18
          keycode 130 = F19
          keycode 131 = F20
          keycode 132 = F21
          keycode 133 = F22
          keycode 134 = F23
          keycode 135 = F24
          keycode 136 = Num_Lock
          keycode 137 = Scroll_Lock
          keycode 187 = acute grave
          keycode 188 = comma semicolon
          keycode 189 = minus underscore
          keycode 190 = period colon
          keycode 192 = numbersign apostrophe
          keycode 210 = plusminus hyphen macron
          keycode 211 =
          keycode 212 = copyright registered
          keycode 213 = guillemotleft guillemotright
          keycode 214 = masculine ordfeminine
          keycode 215 = ae AE
          keycode 216 = cent yen
          keycode 217 = questiondown exclamdown
          keycode 218 = onequarter onehalf threequarters
          keycode 220 = less greater bar
          keycode 221 = plus asterisk asciitilde
          keycode 227 = multiply division
          keycode 228 = acircumflex Acircumflex
          keycode 229 = ecircumflex Ecircumflex
          keycode 230 = icircumflex Icircumflex
          keycode 231 = ocircumflex Ocircumflex
          keycode 232 = ucircumflex Ucircumflex
          keycode 233 = ntilde Ntilde
          keycode 234 = yacute Yacute
          keycode 235 = oslash Ooblique
          keycode 236 = aring Aring
          keycode 237 = ccedilla Ccedilla
          keycode 238 = thorn THORN
          keycode 239 = eth ETH
          keycode 240 = diaeresis cedilla currency
          keycode 241 = agrave Agrave atilde Atilde
          keycode 242 = egrave Egrave
          keycode 243 = igrave Igrave
          keycode 244 = ograve Ograve otilde Otilde
          keycode 245 = ugrave Ugrave
          keycode 246 = adiaeresis Adiaeresis
          keycode 247 = ediaeresis Ediaeresis
          keycode 248 = idiaeresis Idiaeresis
          keycode 249 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis
          keycode 250 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis
          keycode 251 = ssharp question backslash
          keycode 252 = asciicircum degree
          keycode 253 = 3 sterling
          keycode 254 = Mode_switch

          字母和數字鍵的鍵碼值(keyCode)
          按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼
            A
          ?65 J 74 S 83 1 49
          B 66 K 75 T 84 2 50
          C 67 L 76 U 85 3 51
          D 68 M 77 V 86 4 52
          E 69 N 78 W 87 5 53
          F 70 O 79 X 88 6 54
          G 71 P 80 Y 89 7 55
          H 72 Q 81 Z 90 8 56
          I 73 R 82 0 48 9 57
          數字鍵盤上的鍵的鍵碼值(keyCode) 功能鍵鍵碼值(keyCode)
          按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼
            0
          ?96 8 104 F1 112 F7 118
          1 97 9 105 F2 113 F8 119
          2 98 * 106 F3 114 F9 120
          3 99 + 107 F4 115 F10 121
          4 100 Enter 108 F5 116 F11 122
          5 101 - 109 F6 117 F12 123
          6 102   .
          ?110????????
          7   103
          ?/ 111????????
          控制鍵鍵碼值(keyCode)
          按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼 按鍵 鍵碼
          BackSpace 8 Esc 27 Right Arrow 39 -_ 189
          Tab 9 Spacebar 32 Down Arrow 40 .> 190
          Clear 12 Page Up 33 Insert 45 /? 191
          Enter 13 Page Down 34 Delete 46 `~ 192
          Shift 16 End 35 Num Lock 144 [{ 219
          Control 17 Home 36 ;: 186 \| 220
          Alt 18 Left Arrow 37 =+ 187 ]} 221
          Cape Lock 20 Up Arrow 38 ,< 188 '" 222

          posted @ 2009-07-23 17:57 zhuyongjp 閱讀(2084) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
           
          javascript 如何創建一個 DOM 節點?





          key
          -------------------------------------------
          1、a.創建一個Element???????????? var newDiv = document.createElement("div");
          ?? b.設置它的屬性??????????????? newDiv.id = "divNew";
          ?? ??? c.如果需要,創建子節點????? var newTable = document.createElement("table");
          ?? ??? d.設置子節點屬性?????????? newTable.setAttribute("id","tableNew");
          ?? ??? e.重復步驟c和d,直到完成整個目錄樹
          ?? ??? f.創建Text節點??????????? var newText = document.createTextNode("string");
          ? g.從葉子節點往上appendChild ??? newDiv.appendChild(newTable);
          ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? document.body.appendChild(newDiv);

          另一種方式
          ??? a.創建一個Element??????????? var newDiv = document.createElement("div");
          ??? b.用 innerHTML ?????????????????????? ??? ??? newDiv.innerHTML="<table><tr><th>type</th><th>value</th></tr></table>";
          posted @ 2009-07-22 15:27 zhuyongjp 閱讀(1341) | 評論 (1)編輯 收藏
           
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