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            2006年7月21日

          Question:
          The restore command works fine, but while attempting the rolforward of the sql logs, it complains about database falling short on bufferpool,and then terminates the rollforward process. One close look at the db2diag.log file, I noticed that db2 tried to start the database with the hidden bufferpool. But, apparently, that hidden bufferpool was pretty small to rollforward the logs and bring it online.

          I cannot reduce the bufferpool size as the database cannot be connected to.I cannot connect to the database as it is in rollforward pending state. I cannot rollforward the database, as it's not happy with the size of the *hidden* bufferpool and terminates.

          Answer:

          db2set DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF=50000

          This will bring up all configured bufferpools using 50000 pages each. You
          can choose a smaller/larger value that is suitable for your number of
          bufferpools and available system memory. You can also configure each
          bufferpool individually if you want

          値: 正數(shù)のページ數(shù)
          ???? OR
          ?<entry>[;<entry>...] (<entry>=<バッファー?プール ID>,<ページ數(shù)> )

          There is sitiuation that above solution does not work.

          				When you try to create a bufferpool or alter a bufferpool to a
          very large size and there is not enough memory in the system
          , DB2 may occupies all pagespace and overrall performance of
          the system become slow and may get hang at last because no
          pagespace is available. Then after you connect the database
          next time, DB2 will do crash recovery and still try to
          allocate memory for this big bufferpool and occupy all
          pagespace again. when you specify DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF parameter
          to override bufferpool size, it doesn't take effect in this
          situation. This is becasue DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF only applies for
          bufferpools that already exist at startup, and not to
          bufferpools that are created during crash recovery or roll
          forward. We will fix this problem and check DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF
          registry when creating bufferpools during crash recovery or
          roll forward. This problem only occurs in a 64 bit instance.
          
          		

          Local fix

          				You can use db2iupdt -w 32 <INSTNAME> to update the instance to
          a 32 bit instance, then you can connect to the database
          succefully. After that, use db2iupdt -w 64 <INSTNAME> to update
          the instance to 64 bit again. Please take a backup at this
          point, so we don't have to roll forward through bufferpool
          creation that fails if we need restore and roll forward
          database.
          
          		

          Problem summary

          				Users Affected:
          All users using 64 bit instance
          Problem Description:
          When you try to create a bufferpool or alter a bufferpool to a
          very large size and there is not enough memory in the system
          , DB2 may occupies all pagespace and overrall performance
          of the system become slow and may get hang at last
          because no pagespace is available. Then after you connect the
          database at next time, DB2 will do crash recovery and still try
          to allocate
          memory for this big bufferpool and occupy all pagespace again.
          In this situation, when you specify DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF parameter
          to override bufferpool size, it doesn't take effect in this
          situation. This
          is becasue DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF only applies for bufferpools that
          already exist at startup, and not to bufferpools that are
          created during crash recovery or roll forward. We will fix
          this problem and check
          DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF registry when creating bufferpools during crash
          recovery or roll forward. This problem only occurs in 64 bit
          instance.
          Problem Summary:
          This problem is caused by a misoperation, when you create or alt
          er a bufferpool, the size is too large to allocated from OS and
          cause overrall performance of the system is very slow and seems
          hang. Another problem is that DB2_OVERRIDE_BPF registry only app
          lies to bufferpools that already exists, and not bufferpools wil
          l be created in crash recovery or roll forward. So DB2 will try
          to create this big bufferpool again when doing crash recovery or
           roll forward. We will fix this problem and check DB2_OVERRIDE_B
          PF registry in our crash recovery and roll forward code.
          
          		

          Problem conclusion

          				
          				
          		

          Temporary fix

          				You can use db2iupdt -w 32 <INSTNAME> to update the instance to
          a 32 bit instance, then you can connect to the database
          succefully. After that, use db2iupdt -w 64 <INSTNAME> to update
          the instance to 64 bit again. Please take a backup at this
          point, so we don't have to roll forward through bufferpool
          creation that fails if we need restore and roll
          forward database.Please also notice that be careful when creati
          ng bufferpool, don't specify a too large value.
          
          		


          posted @ 2007-03-15 15:21 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(745) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏

          Change db2 password in db2 level

          DB2 depends on operation system level authorization to control DB2 system access.

          In some case, our db2 account only allows to connect to instance or database, but not log on the system. In other words, we are not able to use the account to get a shell on unix or logon locally on windows.

          As usual, when we need to change db2 password, we take action on the system level because it's more frank. But in the case above that we can't get logon, we have to do it on db2 level. There are 2 ways.

          • Use the GUI tool DB2 Configuration Assistance
          • Use the command line tools DB2 CLP or CE

          Using DB2 Configuration Assistance

          Right click on a database name, then choose "Change password".

          CA tool interface

          Note: When more than one databases live in same system, we might share the same account in multi-database. Changing password for one of them will affect all databases in this system. In other words, we don't need to do the change on each database, we could choose any we have privileges on the system.

          Limitation: We are not able to change our password in the case of that we are only allowed to attach to the node but not connect to any database, or we don't get the catalog information for any database in the node.

          For this limitation, it works out with the 2nd way.?

          Using DB2 CLP and CE

          We could use CLP and CE to change password for databases and nodes that we connected or attached to.

          • Change by connecting to database
          C:\> db2 connect to SAMPLE user TEST using OLDPWD new NEWPWD confirm NEWPWD
          C:\> db2 connect to SAMPLE user TEST using OLDPWD change password
          • Change by attaching to node, this way works out for the limitation in Configuration Assistance
          C:\> db2 attach to NODE user TEST using OLDPWD new NEWPWD confirm NEWPWD
          C:\> db2 attach to NODE user TEST using OLDPWD change password


          alter table xxx VOLATILE

          valatile

          • a. 反復(fù)無常的,揮發(fā)性的

          VOLATILE CARDINALITY or NOT VOLATILE CARDINALITY
          Indicates to the optimizer whether or not the cardinality of table table-name can
          vary significantly at run time. Volatility applies to the number of rows in the
          table, not to the table itself. CARDINALITY is an optional keyword. The default
          is NOT VOLATILE.

          VOLATILE
          Specifies that the cardinality of table table-name can vary significantly at
          run time, from empty to large. To access the table, the optimizer will use
          an index scan (rather than a table scan, regardless of the statistics) if that
          index is index-only (all referenced columns are in the index), or that index
          is able to apply a predicate in the index scan. The list prefetch access method
          will not be used to access the table. If the table is a typed table, this option
          is only supported on the root table of the typed table hierarchy (SQLSTATE 428DR).

          NOT VOLATILE
          Specifies that the cardinality of table-name is not volatile.
          Access plans to this table will continue to be based on existing statistics and
          on the current optimization level.

          NOTE: The keyword could be specified within ALTER TABLE, but not CREATE TABLE.

          ?

          Difference between Local and System Database Directory

          DB2 automatically catalogs databases when they are created. It catalogs an entry
          for the database in the local database directory and another entry in the system
          database directory. If the database is created from a remote client (or a client which
          is executing from a different instance on the same machine), an entry is also made
          in the system database directory at the client instance.

          Databases on the same node as the database manager instance are cataloged as
          indirect entries. Databases on other nodes are cataloged as remote entries.

          List DBs in Local Database Directory

          $ db2 list db directory on /path_to_where_db_created?

          List DBs in System Database Directory

          $ db2 list db directory

          ?

          Illustration of standard tables

          Standard Tables Overview

          Query the status for one specified tablespace?

          As we know, we could issue following command to query status for all of tablespaces in current connected DB.

          $ db2 list tablespaces show detail > /tmp/ts.list

          Then find the status for the tablespaces we concerned.

          Is there's a way to query the status for one specified tablespace?

          My answer is No.?

          1. First, I don't find the related column defination in the table or view:
            • sysibm.systablespaces
            • syscat.tablespaces
          2. Second, I don't think DB2 stores the status flag within syscata tables. The reason is that once a tablespace comes into a special status, it will not be allowed changing any longer(this may also happen on a system catalog tablespace.) that will lead to a conflict on changing the tablespace status flag if stores it within system catalog tables.

          Illustration of the DMS table-space address map

          address map for DMS TS

          DB2 directories and files

          • http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v8//topic/com.ibm.db2.udb.doc/admin/c0005420.htm

          Illustration of DB2 architechure and process

          overview for tuning

          Reference

          • http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v8//topic/com.ibm.db2.udb.doc/admin/c0005418.htm?

          Tablespaces are put into backup pending after a load

          DB2 sets tablespace as Backup Pending state after loading data into a table in linear logging database(that is, logretain or userexit is on), whatever the load is successful or failed. the reason is that the load process will not write log file. from the begin time of loading to the end time of loading, there will be a blank segment in log file, and the rollforward recovery can Not jump over the blank segment to apply the later log file.

          so database needs a backup after loading to make sure db2 have recovery capicibility.

          it's able to use [COPY YES|NO]? or [NONRECOVERABLE] to prevent tablespace go into Backup Pending state. COPY YES will do the backup automatically after loading, and COPY NO and NONRECOVERABLE will give up this backup that means db2 will be not able to recover the database once an serious error occured.


          繼續(xù)閱讀 "Tablespaces are put into backup pending after a load" 的剩余內(nèi)容

          Come pending when droping Procedures

          Problem Description?

          There's no any response for creating or droping any procedures in DB2. Seems it's pending there, without any error returned. This time UPDATE statement on tables could be issued successfully.

          Check Process

          Check OS disk available

          $ df -kl?

          Check database configure

          db2 => get db cfg |more?

          Check system catalog tablespace?

          db2 => list tablespaces show detail |more
          syscatspace 0x0000?

          Cause?

          It caused by issuing CREATE or DROP statement without COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement in CLP which is in non-Autocommit mode.

          Solution?

          After you issue a COMMIT or a ROLLBACK in the CLP or close it, the pending is gone.

          We must be very careful when we use client in non-Autocommit mode just like CLPs in this case.

          To check the Autocommit mode in CLP issues. Refer to:

          set COMMIT mode in db2 clp

          db2 => list command options

          -c 自動落實(shí) OFF

          More?

          From this point, we could get more. Most of strange things like this(pending there and no error return) are caused by locking.

          In this case, it was only the opertation on procedures being pended, so track on this thread to suppose the syscat tables related with procedures are locked then find the what probably causes it.
          ?

          db2 can not create index on local view

          There's an object called index view since MS SQL Server 2000, it's an index which is created on an view which is based on a local table. it is attent to imporve the select performence on the view when this view is based on multi-table and has complex logic.

          I try to find a simular thing in DB2, but there's no the simular solution in DB2 v8.2 for now. Instead, I found another thing instested.

          DB2 allows creating index on the tables or views in remote data source, such as a database on another host or an XML data source. To be exactly, that's Not true Index, it's Index Specification. It requests that the tables in remote data source have created index in its own system. And it only repeat the index description in local system.

          										Local DB2 Env??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Remote DB2 Env
          										

          Index Specification??? ->??? Nickname?? - - ->?? True Index??? ->??? Table

          See following example in DB2 info center.

          • CREATE INDEX statement
            http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v8//topic/com.ibm.db2.udb.doc/admin/r0000919.htm?resultof=%22%63%72%65%61%74%65%22%20%22%63%72%65%61%74%22%20%22%69%6e%64%65%78%22%20%22%73%74%61%74%65%6d%65%6e%74%22%20

          Example 3:? The nickname EMPLOYEE references a data source table called CURRENT_EMP. After this nickname was created, an index was defined on CURRENT_EMP. The columns chosen for the index key were WORKDEBT and JOB. Create an index specificationindex. Through this specification, the optimizer will know that the index exists and what its key is. With this information, the optimizer can improve its strategy to access the table. that describes this

             CREATE UNIQUE INDEX JOB_BY_DEPT
          ON EMPLOYEE (WORKDEPT, JOB)
          SPECIFICATION ONLY

          Note: the Nickname is only allowed to be created on tables in local database and on much kind of objects at remote data source. It's not allowed to be created on views in local database.

          set COMMIT mode in db2 clp

          As default, DB2 CLP will do commit after you issue each DB2 statements or SQL automatically.

          If you want to change it instead of issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK manually, do following.

          SQLLIB\BIN> db2
          db2 => list command options
          ??? -c?? ON
          db2 => update command options using c off
          db2 => list command options
          ??? -c?? OFF

          This change will only exists during this session. The setting will lose when you close this CLP and open CLP next time.

          following cmd will get the same result with above.

          SQLLIB\BIN> db2 list command options
          ??? -c??? ON
          SQLLIB\BIN> db2 +c
          db2 =>
          db2 => list command options
          ??? -c??? OFF
          db2 => quit
          SQLLIB\BIN> db2 list command options
          ??? -c??? ON

          There's also the way to keep the settings forever, do following.

          SQLLIB\BIN\> db2 list command options
          ??? -c?? ON
          SQLLIB\BIN\> db2set db2options=+c
          SQLLIB\BIN\> db2 list command options
          ??? -c?? OFF

          This change will take effection immediately even for others having been opened CLP windows. And will keep along.

          Use following cmd set it back to ON.?

          SQLLIB\BIN> db2set db2opptions=-c

          Reference

          表與索引的重命名 RENAME

          在DB2 中重命名表或者索引

          db2=> RENAME TABLE EMP TO EMPLOYEE
          db2=> RENAME TABLE ABC.EMP TO EMPLOYEE
          db2=> RENAME INDEX NEW-IND TO IND
          db2=> RENAME INDEX ABC.NEW-IND TO IND
          posted @ 2007-03-15 15:00 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(536) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
          三個(gè)UNIX文件時(shí)間ctime、mtime、atime
          ?????? 我曾經(jīng)根據(jù)文件的狀態(tài)在指定時(shí)間內(nèi)是否改變寫過一個(gè)WatchDog來對服務(wù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,其間曾被這三個(gè)時(shí)間搞混淆,所以覺得很有必要和大家分享我對這三個(gè)術(shù)語的理解。
          ????? ctime(change time)改變時(shí)間:是指文件狀態(tài)最后一次被改變的時(shí)間;
          ????? mtime(modification time)修改時(shí)間:是指文件內(nèi)容最后一次被改變的時(shí)間;
          ????? atime(access time)訪問時(shí)間:是指文件最后一次被讀取的時(shí)間。
          ????? 前兩者的區(qū)別就在于文件狀態(tài)的改變既包括文件索引節(jié)點(diǎn)的改變,也包括文件內(nèi)容的改變。也就是說如果你改變了文件內(nèi)容,則同時(shí)更新了ctime和mtime,但是如果你只改變了文件索引節(jié)點(diǎn)則只是改變了ctime。atime只有在文件被讀取的時(shí)侯才會改變。它的改變與文件狀態(tài)以及文件內(nèi)容的改變沒有直接的聯(lián)系。
          ???? 例如:echo “Hello World” >> myfile 則同時(shí)改變了ctime和mtime,atime不變;
          ???? chmod u+x myfile 則只改變了ctime,mtime和atime不變。
          ???? cat myfile,則只改變了atime,ctime和mtime不變
          ???? ps:以上操作均在redhat linux下驗(yàn)證通過
          posted @ 2007-03-13 17:51 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(1179) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
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          查看文章
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          DB2/SQL命令大全
          2006-12-25 13:21

          連接數(shù)據(jù)庫:

          ??connect?to?[數(shù)據(jù)庫名]?user?[操作用戶名]?using?[密碼]?

          創(chuàng)建緩沖池(8K):

          ??create?bufferpool?ibmdefault8k?IMMEDIATE??SIZE?5000?PAGESIZE?8?K?;
          創(chuàng)建緩沖池(16K)(OA_DIVERTASKRECORD):
          ??create?bufferpool?ibmdefault16k?IMMEDIATE??SIZE?5000?PAGESIZE?16?K?;
          創(chuàng)建緩沖池(32K)(OA_TASK):
          ??create?bufferpool?ibmdefault32k?IMMEDIATE??SIZE?5000?PAGESIZE?32?K?;

          創(chuàng)建表空間:

          ??CREATE?TABLESPACE?exoatbs?IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMDEFAULTGROUP?PAGESIZE?8K?MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer')?EXTENTSIZE?32?PREFETCHSIZE?16??BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT8K??OVERHEAD?24.10?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          ??CREATE?TABLESPACE?exoatbs16k??IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMDEFAULTGROUP?PAGESIZE?16K?MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer16k'???)?EXTENTSIZE?32??PREFETCHSIZE?16??BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT16K??OVERHEAD?24.1?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          ??CREATE?TABLESPACE?exoatbs32k??IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMDEFAULTGROUP?PAGESIZE?32K?MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoacontainer32k'???)?EXTENTSIZE?32??PREFETCHSIZE?16??BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT32K??OVERHEAD?24.1?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          GRANT?USE?OF?TABLESPACE?exoatbs?TO?PUBLIC;
          GRANT?USE?OF?TABLESPACE?exoatbs16k?TO?PUBLIC;
          GRANT?USE?OF?TABLESPACE?exoatbs32k?TO?PUBLIC;

          創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)表空間:

          ??CREATE?TEMPORARY?TABLESPACE?exoasystmp?IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMTEMPGROUP?PAGESIZE?8K??MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp'???)?EXTENTSIZE?32?PREFETCHSIZE?16?BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT8K??OVERHEAD?24.10?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          ??CREATE?TEMPORARY?TABLESPACE?exoasystmp16k?IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMTEMPGROUP?PAGESIZE?16K?MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp16k'??)?EXTENTSIZE?32?PREFETCHSIZE?16?BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT16K?OVERHEAD?24.10?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          ??CREATE?TEMPORARY?TABLESPACE?exoasystmp32k?IN?DATABASE?PARTITION?GROUP?IBMTEMPGROUP?PAGESIZE?32K?MANAGED?BY?SYSTEM?USING?('/home/exoa2/exoasystmp32k')?EXTENTSIZE?32?PREFETCHSIZE?16?BUFFERPOOL?IBMDEFAULT32K?OVERHEAD?24.10?TRANSFERRATE?0.90??DROPPED?TABLE?RECOVERY?OFF;

          1.?啟動實(shí)例(db2inst1):

          db2start

          2.?停止實(shí)例(db2inst1):

          db2stop

          3.?列出所有實(shí)例(db2inst1)

          db2ilist

          5.列出當(dāng)前實(shí)例:

          db2?get?instance

          4.?察看示例配置文件:

          db2?get?dbm?cfg|more

          5.?更新數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器參數(shù)信息:

          db2?update?dbm?cfg?using?para_name?para_value

          6.?創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫:

          db2?create?db?test

          7.?察看數(shù)據(jù)庫配置參數(shù)信息

          db2?get?db?cfg?for?test|more

          8.?更新數(shù)據(jù)庫參數(shù)配置信息

          db2?update?db?cfg?for?test?using?para_name?para_value

          10.刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫:

          db2?drop?db?test

          11.連接數(shù)據(jù)庫

          db2?connect?to?test

          12.列出所有表空間的詳細(xì)信息。

          db2?list?tablespaces?show?detail

          13.查詢數(shù)據(jù):

          db2?select?*?from?tb1

          14.刪除數(shù)據(jù):

          db2?delete?from?tb1?where?id=1

          15.創(chuàng)建索引:

          db2?create?index?idx1?on?tb1(id);

          16.創(chuàng)建視圖:

          db2?create?view?view1?as?select?id?from?tb1

          17.查詢視圖:

          db2?select?*?from?view1

          18.節(jié)點(diǎn)編目

          db2?catalog?tcp?node?node_name?remote?server_ip?server?server_port

          19.察看端口號

          db2?get?dbm?cfg|grep?SVCENAME

          20.測試節(jié)點(diǎn)的附接

          db2?attach?to?node_name

          21.察看本地節(jié)點(diǎn)

          db2?list?node?direcotry

          22.節(jié)點(diǎn)反編目

          db2?uncatalog?node?node_name

          23.數(shù)據(jù)庫編目

          db2?catalog?db?db_name?as?db_alias?at?node?node_name

          24.察看數(shù)據(jù)庫的編目

          db2?list?db?directory

          25.連接數(shù)據(jù)庫

          db2?connect?to?db_alias?user?user_name?using?user_password

          26.數(shù)據(jù)庫反編目

          db2?uncatalog?db?db_alias

          27.導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)

          db2?export?to?myfile?of?ixf?messages?msg?select?*?from?tb1

          28.導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)

          db2?import?from?myfile?of?ixf?messages?msg?replace?into?tb1

          29.導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有表數(shù)據(jù)

          db2move?test?export

          30.生成數(shù)據(jù)庫的定義

          db2look?-d?db_alias?-a?-e?-m?-l?-x?-f?-o?db2look.sql

          31.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫

          db2?create?db?test1

          32.生成定義

          db2?-tvf?db2look.sql

          33.導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)庫所有的數(shù)據(jù)

          db2move?db_alias?import

          34.重組檢查

          db2?reorgchk

          35.重組表tb1

          db2?reorg?table?tb1

          36.更新統(tǒng)計(jì)信息

          db2?runstats?on?table?tb1

          37.備份數(shù)據(jù)庫test

          db2?backup?db?test

          38.恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫test

          db2?restore?db?test

          399\.列出容器的信息

          db2?list?tablespace?containers?for?tbs_id?show?detail

          40.創(chuàng)建表:

          db2?ceate?table?tb1(id?integer?not?null,name?char(10))

          41.列出所有表

          db2?list?tables

          42.插入數(shù)據(jù):

          db2?insert?into?tb1?values(1,’sam’);

          db2?insert?into?tb2?values(2,’smitty’);

          .?建立數(shù)據(jù)庫DB2_GCB?

          CREATE?DATABASE?DB2_GCB?ON?G:?ALIAS?DB2_GCB?

          USING?CODESET?GBK?TERRITORY?CN?COLLATE?USING?SYSTEM?DFT_EXTENT_SZ?32?

          2.?連接數(shù)據(jù)庫?

          connect?to?sample1?user?db2admin?using?8301206?

          3.?建立別名?

          create?alias?db2admin.tables?for?sysstat.tables;?

          CREATE?ALIAS?DB2ADMIN.VIEWS?FOR?SYSCAT.VIEWS?

          create?alias?db2admin.columns?for?syscat.columns;?

          create?alias?guest.columns?for?syscat.columns;?

          4.?建立表?

          create?table?zjt_tables?as?

          (select?*?from?tables)?definition?only;?

          create?table?zjt_views?as?

          (select?*?from?views)?definition?only;?

          5.?插入記錄?

          insert?into?zjt_tables?select?*?from?tables;?

          insert?into?zjt_views?select?*?from?views;?

          6.?建立視圖?

          create?view?V_zjt_tables?as?select?tabschema,tabname?from?zjt_tables;?

          7.?建立觸發(fā)器?

          CREATE?TRIGGER?zjt_tables_del?

          AFTER?DELETE?ON?zjt_tables?

          REFERENCING?OLD?AS?O?

          FOR?EACH?ROW?MODE?DB2SQL?

          Insert?into?zjt_tables1?values(substr(o.tabschema,1,8),substr(o.tabname,1,10))?

          8.?建立唯一性索引?

          CREATE?UNIQUE?INDEX?I_ztables_tabname?

          [size=3]ON?zjt_tables(tabname);?

          9.?查看表?

          select?tabname?from?tables?

          where?tabname='ZJT_TABLES';?

          10.?查看列?

          select?SUBSTR(COLNAME,1,20)?as?列名,TYPENAME?as?類型,LENGTH?as?長度?

          from?columns?

          where?tabname='ZJT_TABLES';?

          11.?查看表結(jié)構(gòu)?

          db2?describe?table?user1.department?

          db2?describe?select?*?from?user.tables?

          12.?查看表的索引?

          db2?describe?indexes?for?table?user1.department?

          13.?查看視圖?

          select?viewname?from?views?

          where?viewname='V_ZJT_TABLES';?

          14.?查看索引?

          select?indname?from?indexes?

          where?indname='I_ZTABLES_TABNAME';?

          15.?查看存貯過程?

          SELECT?SUBSTR(PROCSCHEMA,1,15),SUBSTR(PROCNAME,1,15)?

          FROM?SYSCAT.PROCEDURES;?

          16.?類型轉(zhuǎn)換(cast)?

          ip?datatype:varchar?

          select?cast(ip?as?integer)+50?from?log_comm_failed?

          17.?重新連接?

          connect?reset?

          18.?中斷數(shù)據(jù)庫連接?

          disconnect?db2_gcb?

          19.?view?application?

          LIST?APPLICATION;?

          20.?kill?application?

          FORCE?APPLICATION(0);?

          db2?force?applications?all?(強(qiáng)迫所有應(yīng)用程序從數(shù)據(jù)庫斷開)?

          21.?lock?table

          lock?table?test?in?exclusive?mode?

          22.?共享?

          lock?table?test?in?share?mode?

          23.?顯示當(dāng)前用戶所有表?

          list?tables?

          24.?列出所有的系統(tǒng)表?

          list?tables?for?system?

          25.?顯示當(dāng)前活動數(shù)據(jù)庫?

          list?active?databases?

          26.?查看命令選項(xiàng)?

          list?command?options?

          27.?系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄?

          LIST?DATABASE?DIRECTORY?

          28.?表空間?

          list?tablespaces?

          29.?表空間容器?

          LIST?TABLESPACE?CONTAINERS?FOR?

          Example:?LIST?TABLESPACE?CONTAINERS?FOR?1?

          30.?顯示用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫的存取權(quán)限?

          GET?AUTHORIZATIONS?

          31.?啟動實(shí)例?

          DB2START?

          32.?停止實(shí)例?

          db2stop?

          33.?表或視圖特權(quán)?

          grant?select,delete,insert,update?on?tables?to?user?

          grant?all?on?tables?to?user?WITH?GRANT?OPTION?

          34.?程序包特權(quán)?

          GRANT?EXECUTE?

          ON?PACKAGE?PACKAGE-name?

          TO?PUBLIC?

          35.?模式特權(quán)?

          GRANT?CREATEIN?ON?SCHEMA?SCHEMA-name?TO?USER?

          36.?數(shù)據(jù)庫特權(quán)?

          grant?connect,createtab,dbadm?on?database?to?user?

          37.?索引特權(quán)?

          grant?control?on?index?index-name?to?user?

          38.?信息幫助?(??XXXnnnnn?)?

          例:??SQL30081?

          39.?SQL?幫助(說明?SQL?語句的語法)?

          help?statement?

          例如,help?SELECT?

          40.?SQLSTATE?幫助(說明?SQL?的狀態(tài)和類別代碼)?

          ??sqlstate?或???class-code?

          41.?更改與"管理服務(wù)器"相關(guān)的口令?

          db2admin?setid?username?password?

          42.?創(chuàng)建?SAMPLE?數(shù)據(jù)庫?

          db2sampl?

          db2sampl?F:(指定安裝盤)?

          43.?使用操作系統(tǒng)命令?

          !?dir?

          44.?轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)類型?(cast)?

          SELECT?EMPNO,?CAST(RESUME?AS?VARCHAR(370))?

          FROM?EMP_RESUME?

          WHERE?RESUME_FORMAT?=?'ascii'?

          45.?UDF

          要運(yùn)行?DB2?Java?存儲過程或?UDF,還需要更新服務(wù)器上的?DB2?數(shù)據(jù)庫管理程序配置,以包括在該機(jī)器上安裝?JDK?的路徑?

          db2?update?dbm?cfg?using?JDK11_PATH?d:sqllibjavajdk?

          TERMINATE?

          update?dbm?cfg?using?SPM_NAME?sample?

          46.?檢查?DB2?數(shù)據(jù)庫管理程序配置?

          db2?get?dbm?cfg?

          47.?檢索具有特權(quán)的所有授權(quán)名?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'DATABASE'?FROM?SYSCAT.DBAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'TABLE?'?FROM?SYSCAT.TABAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'PACKAGE?'?FROM?SYSCAT.PACKAGEAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'INDEX?'?FROM?SYSCAT.INDEXAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'COLUMN?'?FROM?SYSCAT.COLAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'SCHEMA?'?FROM?SYSCAT.SCHEMAAUTH?

          UNION?

          SELECT?DISTINCT?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?'SERVER?'?FROM?SYSCAT.PASSTHRUAUTH?

          ORDER?BY?GRANTEE,?GRANTEETYPE,?3?

          create?table?yhdab?

          (id?varchar(10),?

          password?varchar(10),?

          ywlx?varchar(10),?

          kh?varchar(10));?

          create?table?ywlbb?

          (ywlbbh?varchar(8),?

          ywmc?varchar(60))?

          48.?修改表結(jié)構(gòu)?

          alter?table?yhdab?ALTER?kh?SET?DATA?TYPE?varchar(13);?

          alter?table?yhdab?ALTER?ID?SET?DATA?TYPE?varchar(13);?

          alter?table?lst_bsi?alter?bsi_money?set?data?type?int;?

          insert?into?yhdab?values?

          ('20000300001','123456','user01','20000300001'),?

          ('20000300002','123456','user02','20000300002');?

          49.?業(yè)務(wù)類型說明?

          insert?into?ywlbb?values?

          ('user01','業(yè)務(wù)申請'),?

          ('user02','業(yè)務(wù)撤消'),?

          ('user03','費(fèi)用查詢'),?

          ('user04','費(fèi)用自繳'),?

          ('user05','費(fèi)用預(yù)存'),?

          ('user06','密碼修改'),?

          ('user07','發(fā)票打印'),?

          ('gl01','改用戶基本信息'),?

          ('gl02','更改支付信息'),?

          ('gl03','日統(tǒng)計(jì)功能'),?

          ('gl04','沖帳功能'),?

          ('gl05','對帳功能'),?

          ('gl06','計(jì)費(fèi)功能'),?

          ('gl07','綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)')?

          備份數(shù)據(jù)庫:
          CONNECT?TO?EXOA;
          QUIESCE?DATABASE?IMMEDIATE?FORCE?CONNECTIONS;
          CONNECT?RESET;
          BACKUP?DATABASE?EXOA?TO?"/home/exoa2/db2bak/"?WITH?2?BUFFERS?BUFFER?1024?PARALLELISM?1?WITHOUT?PROMPTING;
          CONNECT?TO?EXOA;
          UNQUIESCE?DATABASE;
          CONNECT?RESET;

          以下是小弟在使用db2move中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望對大家有所幫助。?

          ?db2???connect???to??YOURDB???
          連接數(shù)據(jù)庫?

          ?db2look?-d??YOURDB??-a?-e?-x?-o?creatab.sql?
          導(dǎo)出建庫表的SQL?

          ?db2move???YOURDB??export?
          用db2move將數(shù)據(jù)備份出來?

          ?vi???creatab.sql?
          如要導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)庫名與原數(shù)據(jù)庫不同,要修改creatab.sql中CONNECT?項(xiàng)?
          如相同則不用更改?

          ?db2move??NEWDB??load?
          將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入新庫中?

          在導(dǎo)入中可能因?yàn)榉N種原因發(fā)生中斷,會使數(shù)據(jù)庫暫掛?
          db2????list?tablespaces???show???detail?
          如:?
          ??????詳細(xì)說明:?
          ?????裝入暫掛?
          ?總頁數(shù)??????????????????????????=?1652?
          ?可用頁數(shù)????????????????????????=?1652?
          ?已用頁數(shù)?????????????????????????=?1652?
          ?空閑頁數(shù)?????????????????????????=?不適用?
          ?高水位標(biāo)記(頁)?????????????????=?不適用?
          ?頁大小(字節(jié))???????????????????=?4096?
          ?盤區(qū)大小(頁)???????????????????=?32?
          ?預(yù)讀取大小(頁)?????????????????=?32?
          ?容器數(shù)???????????????????????????=?1?
          ?狀態(tài)更改表空間標(biāo)識????????????????????=?2?
          ?狀態(tài)更改對象標(biāo)識??????????????????????=?59?

          ?db2?select?tabname,tableid?from?syscat.tables?where?tableid=59?
          查看是哪張表掛起?

          表名知道后到db2move.lst(在db2move??YOURDB??export的目錄中)中找到相應(yīng)的.ixf文件?
          ?db2?load?from?tab11.ixf?of?ixf?terminate?into?db2admin.xxxxxxxxx?
          tab11.ixf對應(yīng)的是xxxxxxxxx表?

          數(shù)據(jù)庫會恢復(fù)正常,可再用db2?list?tablespaces?show?detail查看

          30.不能通過GRANT授權(quán)的權(quán)限有哪種?

          SYSAM

          SYSCTRL

          SYSMAINT

          要更該述權(quán)限必須修改數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器配置參數(shù)

          31.表的類型有哪些?

          永久表(基表)

          臨時(shí)表(說明表)

          臨時(shí)表(派生表)

          32.如何知道一個(gè)用戶有多少表?

          SELECT*FROMSYSIBM.SYSTABLESWHERECREATOR='USER'

          33.如何知道用戶下的函數(shù)?

          select*fromIWH.USERFUNCTION

          select*fromsysibm.SYSFUNCTIONS

          34.如何知道用戶下的VIEW數(shù)?

          select*fromsysibm.sysviewsWHERECREATOR='USER'

          35.如何知道當(dāng)前DB2的版本?

          select*fromsysibm.sysvERSIONS

          36.如何知道用戶下的TRIGGER數(shù)?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSTRIGGERSWHERESCHEMA='USER'

          37.如何知道TABLESPACE的狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSTABLESPACES

          38.如何知道SEQUENCE的狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSSEQUENCES

          39.如何知道SCHEMA的狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSSCHEMATA

          40.如何知道INDEX的狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSINDEXES

          41.如何知道表的字段的狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSCOLUMNSWHERETBNAME='AAAA'

          42.如何知道DB2的數(shù)據(jù)類型?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSDATATYPES

          43.如何知道BUFFERPOOLS狀況?

          select*fromsysibm.SYSBUFFERPOOLS

          44.DB2表的字段的修改限制?

          只能修改VARCHAR2類型的并且只能增加不能減少.

          45.如何查看表的結(jié)構(gòu)?

          DESCRIBLETABLETABLE_NAME

          OR

          DESCRIBLESELECT*FROMSCHEMA.TABLE_NAME

          ?
          ?

          ? ? ?
          ?
          posted @ 2006-12-28 16:57 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(2772) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏

          DB2 UDB中用戶出口程序是如何工作的?

          ?

          采用用戶出口程序與DB2 UDB共同工作背后的基本思想是提供一種歸檔和檢索數(shù)據(jù)庫日志文件的方法以實(shí)現(xiàn)日志冗余處理并從易失性介質(zhì)上轉(zhuǎn)儲出來。重要的,值得注意的是,根據(jù)你的特殊需求,在用戶出口程序當(dāng)中,除了能實(shí)現(xiàn)歸檔和檢索日志之外,你還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)其他的操作。

          ?

          如果一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫需要采用歸檔日志文件來進(jìn)行恢復(fù),在DB2 UDB中實(shí)行用戶出口程序策略將不能恢復(fù)100%的事務(wù)。用戶出口程序只是一種通過拷貝已經(jīng)存在的日志文件到一個(gè)安全的地方來為其提供更多保護(hù)的方法。它是數(shù)據(jù)完整性策略中的一部分,而且是重要的一部分。

          ?

          編譯了用戶出口程序之后,可執(zhí)行程序db2uext2被放置在數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器可以找到的目錄當(dāng)中。在UNIX?中,這個(gè)目錄是/sqllib/adm;在Windows?中,是Program FilesIBMSQLLIBBIN。

          ?

          除非數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器知道用戶出口程序是可用的,不然它不會調(diào)用db2uext2。讓數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器知道db2uext2可以被調(diào)用的唯一方法是將數(shù)據(jù)庫配置參數(shù)userexit設(shè)置為on。一旦這個(gè)參數(shù)被設(shè)定好而且DB2實(shí)例被重復(fù)利用了,數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器將每五分鐘調(diào)用一次用戶出口程序來檢查那些可以被歸檔到程序相關(guān)的歸檔目錄的日志文件。

          ?

          如果數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)是必要的,在前滾操作期間,數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器將調(diào)用db2uext2把歸檔日志文件拷貝回活動的日志目錄當(dāng)中。然后,日志文件被再次運(yùn)用到重建的數(shù)據(jù)庫中。

          ?

          讓我們看看被數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器生成的到用戶出口程序的調(diào)用的格式。注意,這一信息也可以在用戶出口示例程序的注釋部分找到。

          db2uext2 -OS -RL

          -RQ -DB -NN

          -LP -LN [-AP]

          ?

          其中:

          os=操作系統(tǒng)

          release=DB2發(fā)行版本

          request= 'ARCHIVE' 或 'RETRIEVE'

          dbname=數(shù)據(jù)庫名

          nodenumber=節(jié)點(diǎn)號

          logpath=日志文件目錄

          logname=日志文件名

          logsize=日志文件大小(可選)

          startingpage=以4k頁為單位的起始偏移量(可選)

          adsmpasswd=ADSM密碼(可選)

          ?

          注意:只有當(dāng)logpath為裸設(shè)備時(shí)才使用logsize和startingpage。

          ?

          歸檔或者從磁盤檢索日志文件遵從以下命名規(guī)則:

          歸檔:歸檔路徑+數(shù)據(jù)庫名+節(jié)點(diǎn)號+日志文件名

          檢索:檢索路徑+數(shù)據(jù)庫名+節(jié)點(diǎn)號+日志文件名

          ?

          比如:如果歸檔的路徑為”c:mylogs”,

          檢索路徑是“c:mylogs”,

          數(shù)據(jù)庫名是“SAMPLE”,

          節(jié)點(diǎn)號是 NODE0000,

          文件名是 S0000001.LOG,

          日志文件將是:

          歸檔到 - c:mylogsSAMPLENODE0000S0000001.LOG

          檢索自 - c:mylogsSAMPLENODE0000S0000001.LOG

          以下描述了用戶出口程序中的邏輯是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的:

          1)? 安裝信號處理程序。

          2)? 驗(yàn)證傳遞的參數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)。

          3)? 驗(yàn)證操作請求。

          4)? 開始審計(jì)跟蹤(如果有此請求)。

          5)? 根據(jù)操作需求的不同獲取以下路徑中的一個(gè):

          a)? 如果操作需求為歸檔一個(gè)文件,將日志文件從日志路徑拷貝到歸檔路徑中。

          i) 如果沒有找到日志文件,執(zhí)行第6點(diǎn)。

          ?

          b)? 如果操作需求是檢索一個(gè)文件,將日志文件從檢索路徑拷貝到日志路徑中。

          i) 如果沒有找到日志文件,執(zhí)行第6點(diǎn)。

          6) 將錯(cuò)誤記入日志(如果要求或者有需要的話)。

          7)? 結(jié)束審計(jì)跟蹤(如果有請求)。

          8)? 以適當(dāng)?shù)姆祷卮a退出。

          ?

          手工調(diào)用用戶出口程序來歸檔日志文件是可以的,但最好還是使用ARCHIVE LOG命令以便在定義以上參數(shù)時(shí)不會因?yàn)槟愕脑驅(qū)е洛e(cuò)誤。在這篇文章的末尾,可以找到關(guān)于ARCHIVE LOG命令的鏈接。

          ?

          日志文件術(shù)語

          ?

          DB2 中用戶出口程序的基本功能是將日志文件拷貝到活動日志目錄或反之。這里,值得指出一些術(shù)語來闡明活動的日志目錄被置于何處以及數(shù)據(jù)庫日志文件的狀態(tài)如何。

          ?

          活動日志目錄:

          ?

          該目錄被置于你的數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄中。在Windows中,如果在C:中創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)叫做SAMPLE的單一數(shù)據(jù)庫且實(shí)例名為db2inst1,則將會出現(xiàn)以下的目錄結(jié)構(gòu):

          ?

          C:DB2INST1NODE0000SQL000001SQLOGDIR

          ?

          SQL00001是SAMPLE數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄,SQLOGDIR 是活動日志目錄。

          ?

          以下的圖1顯示了Windows操作系統(tǒng)上的活動日志目錄:

          PATH o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" />SHAPE id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 299.25pt; HEIGHT: 180.75pt" type="#_x0000_t75" />/P>

          ?

          圖 1活動日志目錄

          日志文件狀態(tài)

          ?

          在活動日志目錄中,日志文件可以是活動日志,也可以是聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志。活動日志是那些被 DB2 用于當(dāng)前事務(wù)處理和崩潰恢復(fù)的日志。聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志是那些 DB2 UDB 進(jìn)行常規(guī)處理時(shí)不再需要,而進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復(fù)時(shí)可能還會需要的日志。當(dāng)實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶出口程序時(shí),這些聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志將最終以歸檔日志目錄中的副本形式出現(xiàn)。

          ?

          既然 DB2 UDB 中用戶出口程序的目的是將數(shù)據(jù)庫日志拷貝到歸檔目錄中,你將最終在活動日志目錄(缺省為 SQLOGDIR)中得到重復(fù)的日志文件。你可能考慮刪除這些重復(fù)的聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志以釋放文件系統(tǒng)空間。在從數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄中除去這些日志之前,要十分小心地確認(rèn)它們是否已經(jīng)將成功地被復(fù)制到歸檔目錄中。還必須確保數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器進(jìn)行崩潰恢復(fù)時(shí)不再需要它們。要確定你的活動日志目錄中哪些日志文件不為正常處理所需要,可用通過以下命令檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫配置:

          ????????

          ???? db2 "get db cfg for sample"

          ?

          這條命令的數(shù)據(jù)庫配置輸出結(jié)果將包含第一個(gè)活動日志文件,如:

          First active log file = S000009.LOG

          ?

          在如上所示的輸出當(dāng)中,日志文件S000009.LOG是數(shù)據(jù)庫當(dāng)前的活動日志。任何編號比該日志文件小的日志文件都被看作聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志。

          ?

          這里有一個(gè)例子:

          ?

          在這個(gè)場景中,活動日志目錄中有日志文件 S000000.LOG - S000009.LOG,歸檔日志目錄中有 S000000.LOG - S000008.LOG。因?yàn)?S000009.LOG 是第一個(gè)活動日志文件,所以,可以從活動日志目錄中移走 S000001.LOG - S000008.LOG 以釋放磁盤空間。S000009.LOG 文件必須保留在活動日志目錄中,因?yàn)樗匀槐划?dāng)前事務(wù)使用。

          ?

          同樣可以通過檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫歷史文件來查看活動日志目錄中哪些日志文件不再有用。以下命令將列出數(shù)據(jù)庫備份信息:

          ?

          ???? db2 "list history backup all for database sample"

          ?

          以下是該命令的輸出結(jié)果的一個(gè)例子:

          ?

          List History File for sample

          Number of matching file entries = 4

          Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current? Log

          -- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------------------

          B D 20030416162026001 F D S0000010.LOGS0000014.LOG

          ------------------------------------------------------------

          Contains 2 tablespace(s):

          00001 SYSCATSPACE

          00002 USERSPACE1

          ------------------------------------------------------------

          ?

          在上面的輸出中,最早的日志將表示,需要 S0000010.LOG 及其之后的任何日志。 S00000010.LOG 之前的任何日志可以被安全的刪除。再次提醒,在從活動日志目錄中刪除日志文件之前,驗(yàn)證在活動日志目錄中存在這些日志文件的拷貝是十分重要的。

          ?

          雖然可以手動的從活動日志目錄中刪除日志文件,刪除聯(lián)機(jī)歸檔日志文件的安全方法是通過prune logfile命令。該命令可以用來刪除活動歸檔目錄中的日志文件。在下面的示例中,以下命令將刪除日志文件 S000000.LOG - S000008.LOG:

          ???? db2 "prune logfile prior to S000009.LOG"

          ?

          注意:根據(jù)您的恢復(fù)策略,可能會出現(xiàn)之前的前滾操作在數(shù)據(jù)庫上執(zhí)行的場景。歸檔目錄中的老日志文件可能被同名的新日志文件所覆蓋,從而阻止你使用舊日志文件對數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行時(shí)間點(diǎn)恢復(fù)。對用戶出口程序的設(shè)計(jì)程序員來說,考慮類似這樣的情況是很重要的。

          ?

          設(shè)置用戶出口

          ?

          在本文中,我們將采用DB2提供的db2uext2.cdisk樣例c程序,它位于你的c目錄當(dāng)中。在UNIX中,c目錄位于/sqllib/samples。Windows中,這目錄位于Program Files/IBM//samples。

          ?

          在Windows中設(shè)置用戶出口

          ?

          修改和編譯用戶出口程序

          1.? 創(chuàng)建名為C:mylogs的目錄

          2.? 將C:Program filesIBMSQLLIBsamplescdb2uext2.cdisk拷貝到一個(gè)工作目錄當(dāng)中

          3.? 對于本示例,用戶出口程序的以下部分應(yīng)該得以驗(yàn)證以反映路徑 c:\mylogs\

          ?

          #define ARCHIVE_PATH "c:\mylogs\"

          #define RETRIEVE_PATH "c:\mylogs\"

          #define AUDIT_ACTIVE 1 /* enable audit trail logging */

          #define ERROR_ACTIVE 1 /* enable error trail logging */

          #define AUDIT_ERROR_PATH "c:\mylogs\"

          ???????????????? /* path must end with a slash */

          #define AUDIT_ERROR_ATTR "a" /* append to text file */

          #define BUFFER_SIZE 32

          ??? /* # of 4K pages for output buffer */

          ?

          4.? 確定在你的系統(tǒng)中安裝了被支持的C編譯器(比如,Microsoft Visual Studio)而且環(huán)境中有該編譯器的路徑。

          5.? 通過命令行,將db2uext2.cdisk更名為db2uext2.c并構(gòu)建:

          cl db2uext2.c

          一旦程序被編譯,將創(chuàng)建db2uext2.exe和db2uext2.obj文件。

          6.? 將可執(zhí)行文件db2uext2.exe放到/SQLLIB/BIN目錄當(dāng)中從而使數(shù)據(jù)庫管理器能夠定位并執(zhí)行它用以歸檔和檢索日志。

          ?

          為用戶出口創(chuàng)建并準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)庫

          7.? 在 DB2 命令窗口中用 db2sampl 命令創(chuàng)建 SAMPLE 數(shù)據(jù)庫。這將使你對下面的示例使用樣本表。

          db2sampl

          8.? 更新數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件以便為數(shù)據(jù)庫打開用戶出口。請注意:只能為一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫分配用戶出口程序,因?yàn)?bin 目錄被所有 DB2 實(shí)例共享。

          db2 "update db cfg for sample using userexit on"

          db2stop force

          <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-

          /P>
          posted @ 2006-12-08 18:12 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(421) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
          其實(shí)主要的就是要創(chuàng)建一個(gè)密鑰倉庫以管理您的公鑰 / 私鑰對來自您所信任實(shí)體的證書。
          ?
          第一步:生成密鑰對
          您首先要做的是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)密鑰倉庫和生成密鑰對。您可以使用以下命令: ?
          keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -keysize 512 -dname "cn=hyq,o=eagle,c=cn" -alias weblogic -keypass 123456 -keystore C:/mykeystore/weblogic.jks -storepass 123456 -validity 365

          (請注意:鍵入該命令時(shí)必須使其成為一行。此處用多行來顯示,主要是為了可讀性。)如下圖:
          Snap2.gif

          該命令將在 ?C? 盤的 “mykeystore” 目錄中創(chuàng)建名為 “weblogic.jks” 的密鑰倉庫,并賦予它口令 123456 。它將為實(shí)體生成公鑰 / 私鑰對,該實(shí)體的 特征名 為:常用名 “hyq” 、組織 “eagle” 和兩個(gè)字母的國家代碼 “cn” 。“ -keyalg ”指定它使用的是那種密鑰生成算法來創(chuàng)建密鑰,缺省的是 “DSA” 密鑰生成算法(會使用缺省的 ?DSA? ?SHA1” 簽名算法),兩個(gè)密鑰(公鑰與私鑰)的長度是 512 位,由 -keysize 來指定,默認(rèn)的是 1024? 位。 ? 該證書包括公鑰和特征名信息。該證書的有效期為 365 天,由 -validity 來指定,且與別名 “business” 所代表的密鑰倉庫項(xiàng)關(guān)聯(lián)。私鑰被賦予口令 123456

          ?

          命令行里 DName 信息注解

          ?

          DN 信息域

          含義

          CN

          域名或 IP

          OU

          部門,沒有部門的可不要此項(xiàng)

          O

          單位名稱

          L

          單位地址

          S

          省份的拼音(第一個(gè)字母大寫)

          C

          國家的簡寫 ( CN 代表中國)


          如果采用選項(xiàng)的缺省值,可以大大縮短該命令。實(shí)際上,這些選項(xiàng)并不是必需的;對于有缺省值的選項(xiàng),未指定時(shí)將使用缺省值,對于任何被要求的值,您將會得到要求輸入它的提示。例如:輸入命令 keytool -genkey -keystore "C:/tone.jks" -storepass 123456 -keyalg RSA ,就會有如下提示:
          Snap3.gif


          注意:這里的
          密鑰倉庫路徑一定要存在,如果不存在的話,它就會拋如下的異常

          Snap4.gif
          第二步
          : 產(chǎn)生證書請求certreq.pem 文件

          使用如下命令:

          keytool -certreq -alias weblogic -sigalg "MD5withRSA" -file C:/mykeystore/certreq.pem -keypass 123456 -keystore C:/mykeystore/weblogic.jks -storepass 123456

          Snap5.gif
          這樣在
          C:/mykeystore/ 目錄下 就會產(chǎn)生一個(gè) certreq.pem 文件,內(nèi)容如下:

          -----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

          MIHlMIGQAgEAMCsxCzAJBgNVBAYTAmNuMQ4wDAYDVQQKEwVlYWdsZTEMMAoGA1UEAxMDaHlxMFww

          DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAMhaIG2Ki7+RwZUP4gPBdTbnY38bisW16u1XUyysPxdNwSie

          aSd6E3Hm277E7NjHoz56ZoaYdPPDmdiTkMrS9rcCAwEAAaAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA0EAYRNl

          l5dyGgV9hhu++ypcJNQTrDIwjx1QT4fgVubrtIaHU0fzHamD5QG6PYddw9TL51XQHvu6tOS0NUc/

          ItNKJw==

          -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

          第三步:這就相對來說簡單多了,就是CA提交證書請求。
          ??? 你可以隨便從網(wǎng)上找一家免費(fèi)的CA認(rèn)證適用機(jī)構(gòu)(很多的),然后按照上面的提示進(jìn)行操作就可以了,這一步就要用到前面生成的certreq.pem 文件了。(注意:一定要下載根證書)
          ??? 將生成的證書和下載的根證書放至你比較容易找到的位置,我一般將它們和生成的jks文件放到一起。

          第四步:導(dǎo)入證書
          ??? 通過命令:keytool -import -alias RootCA -trustcacerts -file C:/mykeystore/RootCADemo.cer -keystore C:/mykeystore/weblogic.jks -storepass 123456將根證書導(dǎo)入第一步生成的weblogic.jks中,接著將所有其它的證書按照此命令全部導(dǎo)入。(注意證書的別名不能重復(fù),同時(shí)一定注意要用上 -trustcacerts,否則,你在以后使用時(shí),它將會認(rèn)為你導(dǎo)入的這些證書是不可信任的 ,就會導(dǎo)致你在配置SSL時(shí)不能正常的工作。)
          ??? 這就全部完成了密鑰倉庫的創(chuàng)建。然后就可以在支持這些證書格式的服務(wù)器上使用了。下一篇將會寫一下在weblogic上如何配置雙向SSL

          posted @ 2006-10-31 17:18 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(456) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
          現(xiàn)在的DB2 UDB系統(tǒng)中, 主要通過鎖和隔離級別這兩個(gè)主要的工具來控制并發(fā)連接,維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)在高并發(fā)的環(huán)境下的安全。

          我們在這里將簡要的闡述一下鎖和隔離級別。

          鎖:

          DB2 UDB中, 鎖的主要作用對象是表和行, 其他如表空間和索引也是鎖的對象, 但是因?yàn)槠涠酁橄到y(tǒng)控制, 管理員和用戶使用較少,在這里就不涉及了。

          對于行級鎖和表級鎖, 它們的區(qū)別不言而喻, 主要是鎖的對象不同。 當(dāng)然鎖對象的不同連帶也會影響DB2的并發(fā)能力。

          DB2中的表級鎖主要有以下幾種:

          1. IS鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表,表示擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接要讀取表中的某些數(shù)據(jù), 但是在此應(yīng)用連接讀取具體的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí), 還必須獲得該行的行級鎖;

          2. IX鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表,表示擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接需要獨(dú)占使用表中的某些數(shù)據(jù), 但是在此應(yīng)用連接獨(dú)占使用具體的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí), 還必須獲得該行上相應(yīng)的行級鎖;

          3. SIX鎖: 此鎖是鎖轉(zhuǎn)換的產(chǎn)物,表示應(yīng)用連接擁有S和IX鎖的特性;

          4. S鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表, 擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接可以讀取表中的任何紀(jì)錄;

          5. U鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表, 擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接可以讀取表中的任何紀(jì)錄,也可以更新表中的紀(jì)錄, 但是更新時(shí)需要再獲得X鎖; 此鎖主要在“select … with update”語句建立的可更新游標(biāo)中起作用, 其他的應(yīng)用可以讀取表中的紀(jì)錄, 但是不能更新它;

          6. X鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表, 擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接獨(dú)占的使用表中的任何紀(jì)錄;可以進(jìn)行更新或其他操作;

          7. Z鎖: 此鎖作用于整個(gè)表, 也稱超級獨(dú)占鎖,主要是在象修改表的定義、 刪除表這一類的語句中會使用。 擁有此鎖的應(yīng)用連接對該表有完全的控制權(quán)。 其他的任何應(yīng)用不能讀取或更新表中的任何紀(jì)錄。

          在這里我們主要要看一下 IS/IX/SIX這三個(gè)鎖。 在這三個(gè)鎖中IS/IX本身并不具備使得應(yīng)用連接可以讀取或更新紀(jì)錄的能力,應(yīng)用連接要讀取和更新紀(jì)錄時(shí), 需要再得到相應(yīng)的行級鎖; 反之亦然, 任何應(yīng)用要獲得行級鎖操作數(shù)據(jù)記錄之前, 也必須獲得某個(gè)相應(yīng)的表級鎖。 SIX鎖也是類似的情況。這就是為什麼在很多情況下我們使用的是行級鎖, 但是用快照(SNAPSHOT)等工具卻能夠看到有表級鎖存在的原因。

          那麼DB2中又有哪些行級鎖呢? 讓我們來看下面的這張圖:

          那麼DB2中又有哪些行級鎖呢?

          此圖中列出了DB2中包含的行級鎖。 表中的第三列指出, 要獲得此行級鎖之前, 需要預(yù)先獲得的表級鎖, 這里列出的是最低要求。

          這六個(gè)行級鎖的主要功能如下:

          1. S鎖:此行級鎖的擁有者可以讀取該行的信息;

          2. U鎖:此行級鎖的擁有者可以讀取該行的信息,如果要更新該行,則仍然需要一個(gè)行級的X鎖;其他的應(yīng)用只能讀取該行的信息;此鎖主要是用于FOR UPDATE的游標(biāo)。

          3. X鎖:此行級鎖的擁有者可以更新該行的紀(jì)錄,其他的應(yīng)用不能連接此行的信息;

          4. W鎖:此鎖和X鎖類似,不同之處是此鎖和NW鎖兼容;

          5. NS鎖:類似于S鎖,用于Next Key;

          6. NW鎖:類似于W鎖,用于Next Key;

          在DB2數(shù)據(jù)庫中, 是通過行級鎖和表級鎖協(xié)調(diào)作用來提供較好的并發(fā)性, 同時(shí)保證數(shù)據(jù)庫中數(shù)據(jù)的安全。 在DB2中缺省情況下使用行級鎖(當(dāng)然需要IS/IX鎖配合),只有當(dāng)出現(xiàn)鎖資源不足, 或者是用命令指定使用表級鎖的情況下, 才會在應(yīng)用連接中使用表級鎖。 對鎖資源分配有興趣的讀者可以參考DB2的管理手冊, 查找其中關(guān)于locklist和maxlocks參數(shù)的論述。對于用命令指定表級鎖的情況, 可以參考DB2的命令手冊中的lock table命令, 此命令用于直接鎖表。

          隔離級別:

          下面讓我們來看一下隔離級別。 隔離級別主要用于控制在DB2根據(jù)應(yīng)用提交的SQL語句向DB2數(shù)據(jù)庫中的相應(yīng)對象加鎖時(shí), 會鎖住哪些紀(jì)錄, 也就是鎖定的范圍。 隔離級別的不同, 鎖定的紀(jì)錄的范圍可能會有很大的差別。

          隔離級別分為RR/RS/CS/UR這四個(gè)級別。 下面讓我們來逐一論述:

          1. RR隔離級別: 在此隔離級別下, DB2會鎖住所有相關(guān)的紀(jì)錄。 在一個(gè)SQL語句執(zhí)行期間, 所有執(zhí)行此語句掃描過的紀(jì)錄都會被加上相應(yīng)的鎖。 具體的鎖的類型還是由操作的類型來決定, 如果是讀取,則加共享鎖; 如果是更新, 則加獨(dú)占鎖。 由于會鎖定所有為獲得SQL語句的結(jié)果而掃描的紀(jì)錄, 所以鎖的數(shù)量可能會很龐大, 這個(gè)時(shí)候, 索引的增加可能會對SQL語句的執(zhí)行有很大的影響,因?yàn)樗饕龝绊慡QL語句掃描的紀(jì)錄數(shù)量。

          2. RS隔離級別: 此隔離級別的要求比RR隔離級別稍弱,此隔離級別下會鎖定所有符合條件的紀(jì)錄。 不論是讀取, 還是更新, 如果SQL語句中包含查詢條件, 則會對所有符合條件的紀(jì)錄加相應(yīng)的鎖。 如果沒有條件語句, 也就是對表中的所有記錄進(jìn)行處理,則會對所有的紀(jì)錄加鎖。

          3. CS隔離級別: 此隔離級別僅鎖住當(dāng)前處理的紀(jì)錄。

          4. UR隔離級別:此隔離級別下,如果是讀取操作,不會出現(xiàn)任何的行級鎖。對于非只讀的操作,它的鎖處理和CS相同。

          在這四種隔離級別中, CS是缺省值。 這四種隔離級別均可以保證DB2數(shù)據(jù)庫在并發(fā)的環(huán)境下不會有數(shù)據(jù)丟失的情況發(fā)生。 要注意的是如果對紀(jì)錄進(jìn)行了修改,需要在相應(yīng)的紀(jì)錄上加獨(dú)占類型的鎖, 這些獨(dú)占類型的鎖直到交易結(jié)束時(shí)才會被釋放, 這一點(diǎn)在四種隔離級別下都是相同的。

          posted @ 2006-08-22 12:07 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(888) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏

          REORG TABLE

          REORG TABLE 語句壓縮與指定的表相關(guān)聯(lián)的數(shù)據(jù)。

          調(diào)用

          此語句可以在使用 DB2 CLI 函數(shù)的應(yīng)用程序中使用,也可以通過 CLP 發(fā)出。

          語法

          >>-REORG TABLE--table-name--+------------+---------------------><
                                      '-int1--int2-'
           
           
          

          描述

          REORG TABLE table-name
          標(biāo)識重組操作的表。名稱必須標(biāo)識現(xiàn)有的表。
          int1
          需要恢復(fù)的字節(jié)的可選最小百分比。
          int2
          需要為將要執(zhí)行的表壓縮恢復(fù)的最小字節(jié)數(shù)。

          規(guī)則

          • 可選的值 int1int2 必須一起使用,或全都不用。
          • 可選的值 int1 必須是非負(fù)數(shù)。
          • 可選的值 int1 必須介于 0 與 100 之間。

          注意事項(xiàng)

          • DB2 Everyplace 可以以內(nèi)部方式調(diào)用表重組。
          • 第一個(gè)可選參數(shù)是表必須包含的不可用的字節(jié)的百分比(即百分之十(10)意味“至少百分之十的空間不可用”。)第二個(gè)可選參數(shù)是表必須包含的不可用的字節(jié)數(shù)(即 1000 將意味“至少 1000 個(gè)字節(jié)必須是不可用的空間”。)必須符合兩個(gè)條件,才可以進(jìn)行表的實(shí)際重組。
          • 如果沒有指定參數(shù),DB2 Everyplace 對這此選項(xiàng)使用缺省值。缺省百分比是 30 且缺省字節(jié)是 6144。因此,“reorg table t1”與“reorg table t1 30 6144”相同。
          • 如果重組方式設(shè)置為已啟用,則 DB2 Everyplace 將自動重組表。如果在 DELETE 或 UPDATE 上啟用了重組,則在執(zhí)行語句之后,會對目標(biāo)表執(zhí)行“reorg table table_name 50 30270”。如果在 DROP TABLE 上啟用了重組,則在刪除表處理結(jié)束時(shí)執(zhí)行“reorg table DB2eSYSTABLES 30 10240”(對于 DB2eSYSCOLUMNS 和 DB2eSYSRELS 也是如此)。
          • 在 C/C++ 程序中,通過使用具有屬性 SQL_ATTR_REORG_MODE 的 CLI/ODBC 函數(shù) SQLSetStmtAttr 設(shè)置重組方式。在 JAVA 程序中,通過 DB2eStatement 接口 enableReorg 方法設(shè)置重組方式。缺省值是啟用重組。
          • 重組表時(shí),通過物理上回收刪除和更新創(chuàng)建的不可用空間來壓縮包含表的數(shù)據(jù)文件。然后將表的索引更新為指向行的新物理位置。
          • 可以重組“DB2 Everyplace 系統(tǒng)目錄”基本表。
          • 在執(zhí)行 REORG TABLE 語句時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)庫中不應(yīng)發(fā)生任何其它活動。

          示例

          使用缺省值壓縮 VNNURSE 表。

          REORG TABLE VNNURSE?
          
          posted @ 2006-07-26 22:10 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(893) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
               摘要: 在數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序中使用存儲過程有許多好處,包括減少對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用、提高性能以及降低開發(fā)成本。Java 存儲過程是 DB2 支持的最流行的例程之一。原因之一是,由于 Java 編程語言非常流行,所以 Java 開發(fā)人員非常多。因此,在有多種語言可供選擇時(shí),Java 例程往往是首選的。 DB2 存儲過程不一定非用 Java 來編寫。如果業(yè)務(wù)邏輯只需要簡單的存儲過程,那么可以考慮用 ...  閱讀全文
          posted @ 2006-07-21 10:03 MyJavaWorld 閱讀(5625) | 評論 (0)編輯 收藏
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