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SQL*PLUS常用命��o列表

Wed, 08 Nov 2006 02:20:00 GMT

【导诅R��SQL*PLUS常用命��o列表�?br />

假设当前执行命��o为：select * from tab;

(a)ppend ��d��文本到缓冲区当前行尾a order by tname　�l�果�Q�select * from tab order by tname;

�Q�注�Q�a后面�?个空��|��

(c)hange/old/new 在当前行用新的文本替换旧的文本　c/*/tname　�l�果�Q�select tname from tab;

(c)hange/text从当前行删除文本c/tab　�l�果�Q�select tname from ;

del　删除当前�?br />
del n删除�W�n�?br />
(i)nput 文本在当前行之后��d��一�?br />
(l)ist　昄��~�冲��Z��所有行

(l)ist n 昄��~�冲��Z��W?n �?br />
(l)ist m n　昄��~�冲��Z�� m �?n �?br />
run　执行当前�~�冲区的命��o

/执行当前�~�冲区的命��o

r执行当前�~�冲区的命��o

@文�g名　�q�行调入内存的sql文�g�Q�如�Q?br />
SQL>; edit s<回�R>;

如果当前目录下不存在s.sql文�g�Q�则�pȝ��自动生成s.sql文�g�Q?br />
在其中输入“select * from tab;”，存盘退出�?br />
SQL>; @s<回�R>;

�pȝ��会自动查询当前用户下的所有表、视图、同义词�?br />
@@文�g�?�?sql文�g中调用��o一�?sql文�g时��?br />
save 文�g名　��缓冲区的命令以文�g方式存盘�Q�缺省文件扩展名�?sql

get 文�g名　调入存盘的sql文�g

start 文�g�?�q�行调入内存的sql文�g

spool 文�g�?把这之后的各�U�操作及执行�l�果“假脱机”即存盘到磁盘文件上�Q�默认文件扩展名�?lst

spool昄��当前的“假脱机”状�?br />
spool off停止输出

例：

SQL>; spool a

SQL>; spool

正假脱机�?A.LST

SQL>; spool off

SQL>; spool

当前无假脱机

exit 退出SQL*PLUS

desc 表名昄��表的�l�构

show user昄��当前�q�接用户

show error　昄��错误

show all 昄��所�?8个系�l�变量�?br />
edit 打开默认�~�辑器，Windows�pȝ��中默认是notepad.exe�Q�把�~�冲��Z��最后一条SQL语句调入afiedt.buf文�g中进行编�?br />
edit 文�g名　把当前目录中指定�?sql文�g调入�~�辑器进行编�?br />
clear screen 清空当前屏幕昄��

转脓来自�Q?a target="_blank">http://www.51cto.com 2005-12-21 15:05 出处:CU

★yesjoy�?/a> 2006-11-08 10:20 发表评论

Wed, 08 Nov 2006 02:12:00 GMT

43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)

��源字符�?sset从一个语�a�字符集�{换到另一个目的dset字符�?br />
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver

------

strutz

44.HEXTORAW ��一个十六进制构成的字符串�{换�ؓ二进�?/p>

45.RAWTOHEXT ��一个二�q�制构成的字�W�串转换为十六进�?/p>

46.ROWIDTOCHAR ��ROWID数据�c�d��转换为字�W�类�?/p>

47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY

-------------------

2004/05/09 21:14:41

48.TO_DATE(string,'format') ��字�W�串转化为ORACLE中的一个日�?/p>

49.TO_MULTI_BYTE ��字�W�串中的单字节字�W��{化�ؓ多字节字�W?br />
SQL> select to_multi_byte('�?) from dual;

TO

--

�?/p>

50.TO_NUMBER

��给出的字符转换为数�?br />
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR

---------

1999

51.BFILENAME(dir,file)指定一个外部二�q�制文�g

SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));

52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') ��x字段或变量的源source转换为desc

SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,

2 0,'none',

3 2,'insert',

4 3,

5 'select',

6 6,'update',

7 7,'delete',

8 8,'drop',

9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';

SID   SERIAL# USERNAME                       CMD

--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------

1         1                                none

2         1                                none

3         1                                none

4         1                                none

5         1                                none

6         1                                none

7      1275                                none

8      1275                                none

9        20 GAO                            select

10        40 GAO                            none

53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)

DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2�c�d��的�?br />
SQL> col global_name for a30

SQL> col dump_string for a50

SQL> set lin 200

SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING

------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------

ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D

54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()

�q�两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字�D�进行初始化操作的函�?/p>

55.GREATEST

�q�回一�l�表辑ּ�中的最大�?��x��较字�W�的�~�码大小.

SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

GR

--

AC

SQL> select greatest('�?,'�?,'�?) from dual;

GR

--

�?/p>

56.LEAST

�q�回一�l�表辑ּ�中的最��?

SQL> select least('�?,'�?,'�?) from dual;

LE

--

�?/p>

57.UID

�q�回标识当前用户的唯一整数

SQL> show user

USER �?GAO"

SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

USERNAME USER_ID

------------------------------ ---------

GAO 25

58.USER

�q�回当前用户的名�?br />
SQL> select user from dual;

USER

------------------------------

GAO

59.USEREVN

�q�回当前用户环境的信�?opt可以�?

ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE

ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则�q�回true

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN

------

FALSE

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN

------

TRUE

SESSION

�q�回会话标志

SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

USERENV('SESSIONID')

--------------------

152

ENTRYID

�q�回会话人口标志

SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

USERENV('ENTRYID')

------------------

0

INSTANCE

�q�回当前INSTANCE的标�?br />
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

USERENV('INSTANCE')

-------------------

1

LANGUAGE

�q�回当前环境变量

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

LANG

�q�回当前环境的语�a�的羃�?br />
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

USERENV('LANG')

----------------------------------------------------

ZHS

TERMINAL

�q�回用户的终端或机器的标�?br />
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

USERENV('TERMINA

----------------

GAO

VSIZE(X)

�q�回X的大��?字节)�?br />
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

VSIZE(USER) USER

----------- ------------------------------

6 SYSTEM

60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)

all表示�Ҏ��有的值求�q�_��?distinct只对不同的值求�q�_��?br />
SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));

语句已处理�?br />
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);

SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);

SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);

SQLWKS> commit;

SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(DISTINCTSAL)

----------------

3333.33

SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(ALLSAL)

-----------

2592.59

61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)

求最大�?ALL表示�Ҏ��有的值求最大�?DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大�?相同的只取一��?br />
SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

MAX(DISTINCTSAL)

----------------

5000

62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)

求最��?ALL表示�Ҏ��有的值求最��?DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最��?相同的只取一��?br />
SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;

MIN(ALLSAL)

-----------

1111.11

63.STDDEV(distinct|all)

求标准差,ALL表示�Ҏ��有的值求标准�?DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准�?br />
SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(SAL)

-----------

1182.5032

SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)

-------------------

1229.951

64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL) 求协方差

SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;

VARIANCE(SAL)

-------------

1398313.9

65.GROUP BY 主要用来对一�l�数�q�行�l�计

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

10         3      8750

20         5     10875

30         6      9400

66.HAVING 对分�l�统计再加限制条�?br />
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having nt(*)>=5;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

20 5 10875

30 6 9400

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by tno ;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

20 5 10875

30 6 9400

67.ORDER BY 用于�Ҏ��询到的结果进行排序输�?br />
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;

DEPTNO ENAME            SAL

--------- ---------- ---------

10 KING            5000

10 CLARK           2450

10 MILLER          1300

20 SCOTT           3000

20 FORD            3000

20 JONES           2975

20 ADAMS           1100

20 SMITH            800

30 BLAKE           2850

30 ALLEN           1600

30 TURNER          1500

30 WARD            1250

30 MARTIN          1250

30 JAMES            950

★yesjoy�?/a> 2006-11-08 10:12 发表评论

Wed, 08 Nov 2006 02:10:00 GMT

【导诅R��本文罗列了各种内置函数的��用方法，同时�q�对其返回结果进行了演示�?span class="top11">

SQL中的单记录函�?/font>

1.ASCII �q�回与指定的字符对应的十�q�制�?

SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A A ZERO SPACE

--------- --------- --------- ---------

65 97 48 32

2.CHR �l�出整数,�q�回对应的字�W?

SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C

-- -

�?A

3.CONCAT �q�接两个字符�?

SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'�?3' 高乾竞电�?from dual;

高乾竞电�?br />
----------------

010-88888888�?3

4.INITCAP �q�回字符串�ƈ��字�W�串的第一个字母变为大�?

SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP

-----

Smith

5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J) 在一个字�W�串中搜索指定的字符,�q�回发现指定的字�W�的位置;

C1    被搜索的字符�?br />
C2    希望搜烦的字�W�串

I     搜烦的开始位�|?默认�?

J     出现的位�|?默认�?

SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING

---------

9

6.LENGTH �q�回字符串的长度;

SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from .nchar_tst;

NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))

------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------

高乾竞 �?3 北京市�v锭区 6 9999.99 7

7.LOWER �q�回字符�?�q�将所有的字符��写

SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD

--------

aabbccdd

8.UPPER �q�回字符�?�q�将所有的字符大写

SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER

--------

AABBCCDD

9.RPAD和LPAD(�_�脓字符)

RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字�W?br />
LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字�W?br />
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1

-----------------

*******gao*******

不够字符则用*来填�?/font>

10.LTRIM和RTRIM

LTRIM 删除左边出现的字�W�串

RTRIM 删除双��出现的字�W�串

SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('

-------------

gao qian jing

11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)

取子字符�?从start开�?取count�?br />
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('

--------

08888888

12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')

string   希望被替换的字符或变�?

s1       被替换的字符�?br />
s2       要替换的字符�?br />
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('HELOVEYOU','HE','I')

------------------------------

i love you

13.SOUNDEX �q�回一个与�l�定的字�W�串读音相同的字�W�串

SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));

SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');

SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');

SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

XM

--------

weather

wether

14.TRIM('s' from 'string')

LEADING 剪掉前面的字�W?br />
TRAILING 剪掉后面的字�W?br />
如果不指�?默认为空格符

15.ABS �q�回指定值的�l�对�?br />
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)

--------- ---------

100 100

16.ACOS �l�出反余弦的�?br />
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)

---------

3.1415927

17.ASIN �l�出反正弦的�?br />
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)

---------

.52359878

18.ATAN �q�回一个数字的反正切�?br />
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)

---------

.78539816

19.CEIL �q�回大于或等于给出数字的最��整�?br />
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)

---------------

4

20.COS �q�回一个给定数字的余��u

SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)

---------------

-1

21.COSH �q�回一个数字反余��u�?br />
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)

---------

242582598

22.EXP �q�回一个数字e的n�ơ方�?br />
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(1)

--------- ---------

7.3890561 2.7182818

23.FLOOR 对给定的数字取整�?br />
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)

--------------

2345

24.LN �q�回一个数字的�Ҏ��?br />
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)

--------- --------- -------------

0 .69314718 .99999999

25.LOG(n1,n2) �q�回一个以n1为底n2的对�?

SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)

--------- ---------

0 2

26.MOD(n1,n2) �q�回一个n1除以n2的余�?br />
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)

--------- --------- ---------

1 0 2

27.POWER �q�回n1的n2�ơ方�?br />
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)

----------- ----------

1024 27

28.ROUND和TRUNC

按照指定的精度进行舍�?br />
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)

----------- ------------ ----------- ------------

56 -55 55 -55

29.SIGN 取数字n的符�?大于0�q�回1,��于0�q�回-1,�{�于0�q�回0

SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)

--------- ---------- ---------

1 -1 0

30.SIN �q�回一个数字的正��u�?br />
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)

------------

1

31.SIGH �q�回双曲正��u的�?br />
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)

--------- ---------

.91294525 242582598

32.SQRT �q�回数字n的根

SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)

--------- ---------

8 3.1622777

33.TAN �q�回数字的正切�?br />
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20) TAN(10)

--------- ---------

2.2371609 .64836083

34.TANH

�q�回数字n的双曲正切�?br />
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20) TAN(20)

--------- ---------

1 2.2371609

35.TRUNC

按照指定的精度截取一个数

SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)

--------- ------------------

100 124.16

36.ADD_MONTHS

增加或减��L��?br />
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

200002

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

199910

37.LAST_DAY

�q�回日期的最后一�?br />
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S

---------- ----------

2004.05.09 2004.05.10

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S

----------

31-5�?-04

38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)

�l�出date2-date1的月�?br />
SQL> select months_between('19-12�?1999','19-3�?1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN

-----------

9

SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW

---------

-60

39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')

�l�出在this时区=other时区的日期和旉��

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time

2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32

40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')

�l�出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期

SQL> select next_day('18-5�?2001','星期�?) next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY

----------

25-5�?-01

41.SYSDATE 用来得到�pȝ��的当前日�?br />
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'

-----------------

09-05-2004 星期�?br />
trunc(date,fmt)按照�l�出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留�?截断�U?br />
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,

2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH HHMM

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00

42.CHARTOROWID ��字�W�数据类型�{换�ؓROWID�c�d��

SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME

------------------ ------------------ ----------

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES

★yesjoy�?/a> 2006-11-08 10:10 发表评论