JavaVM,反射與動(dòng)態(tài)代理
Java程序的工作機(jī)制:Java對(duì)象都以單獨(dú)的class文件存在,java虛擬機(jī)將其載入并執(zhí)行其虛擬機(jī)指令。
Java虛擬機(jī)查找這些java對(duì)象:
java虛擬機(jī)根據(jù)class
path來(lái)查找java對(duì)象,而虛擬機(jī)的class path又分為三層:
bootstrap:sun.boot.class.path
extension: java.ext.dirs
application: java.class.path
三個(gè)class path各有對(duì)應(yīng)的classloader。由上而下形成父子關(guān)系
當(dāng)程序中調(diào)用new指令,或者ClassLoader.load方法時(shí)。其順序如下:
1.
首先查看application的classloader中是否已有對(duì)應(yīng)的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據(jù)class分配內(nèi)存。如果沒(méi)有,接下一步。
2.
首先查看extension的classloader中是否已有對(duì)應(yīng)的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據(jù)class分配內(nèi)存。如果沒(méi)有,接下一步。
3.
首先查看bootstrap的classloader中是否已有對(duì)應(yīng)的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據(jù)class分配內(nèi)存。如果沒(méi)有,接下一步。
4. 由bootstrap的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒(méi)有,接下一步。
5.
由extension的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒(méi)有,接下一步。
6.
由application的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒(méi)有,則拋出ClassNotFound的exception。
Java虛擬機(jī)加載這些java對(duì)象:
每個(gè)java虛擬機(jī)都在其啟動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)唯一的class
heap,并把所有的class
instance都分配在其中。其中每個(gè)類(lèi)實(shí)例的信息又分兩部分,fields域和methods域。每個(gè)類(lèi)實(shí)例各自擁有fields,但同一個(gè)類(lèi)的不同實(shí)例共享methods
反射
JVM對(duì)反射的處理
簡(jiǎn)單例子代碼:
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import
java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static
void main(String[] args){
TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1");
try {
Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new
Class[0]) ;
t1Talk.invoke(t1, null);
} catch
(NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
} catch
(IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
} catch
(InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
復(fù)雜例子代碼:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import
java.lang.reflect.Method;
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[]
args){
TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1");
TempImpl t2 = new
TempImpl("temp2");
Temp2 temp2 = new Temp2();
try {
Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ;
Method t2Talk = t2.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ;
t1Talk.invoke(t2, null);
t2Talk.invoke(t1, null);
if(t1Talk.equals(t2Talk)){
System.out.println("equals");
}
else{
System.out.println("not equals");
}
if(t1Talk==t2Talk){
System.out.println("ref equals");
}
else{
System.out.println("ref not equals");
}
t2Talk.invoke(temp2, null);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body
of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
分析:java虛擬機(jī)把每個(gè)methods當(dāng)作一個(gè)執(zhí)行單元。該執(zhí)行單元帶有兩種簽名:類(lèi)簽名和屬性簽名(public,static等)。
反射的第一步,驗(yàn)證簽名的合法性。驗(yàn)證通過(guò)后,順序執(zhí)行該method中的指令,當(dāng)需要訪問(wèn)類(lèi)實(shí)例的fields和傳入?yún)?shù)時(shí),由虛擬機(jī)注入。
動(dòng)態(tài)代理
Sun對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)代理的說(shuō)明:
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單例子代碼:
動(dòng)態(tài)代理的內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)——代碼生成:
研究JDK源代碼,發(fā)現(xiàn)在Proxy的sun實(shí)現(xiàn)中調(diào)用了sun.misc.ProxyGenerator類(lèi)的generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces)方法,其返回值為byte[]和class文件的內(nèi)存類(lèi)型一致。于是做如下試驗(yàn):
public
class ProxyClassFile{
public static void main(String[] args){
String proxyName = "TempProxy";
TempImpl t = new
TempImpl("proxy");
Class[] interfaces =t.getClass().getInterfaces();
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces);
File f = new
File("classes/TempProxy.class");
try {
FileOutputStream fos =
new FileOutputStream(f);
fos.write(proxyClassFile);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
運(yùn)行該類(lèi),到class文件夾下,利用反編譯技術(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)其采用了代碼生產(chǎn)技術(shù):
public
interface Temp{
public void Talk();
public void Run();
}
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public final class TempProxy
extends Proxy
implements Temp{
private static Method m4;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m1;
public TempProxy(InvocationHandler invocationhandler) {
super(invocationhandler);
}
public final void
Run() {
try {
h.invoke(this, m4, null);
return;
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final String toString(){
try{
return
(String)h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return "";
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return
((Integer)h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch(Error
_ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable){
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return 123;
}
public final void Talk(){
try{
h.invoke(this,
m3, null);
return;
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
try {
return ((Boolean)h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] {
obj
})).booleanValue();
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return false;
}
static{
try{
m4 =
Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Run", new Class[0]);
m2 =
Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new
Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]);
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] {
Class.forName("java.lang.Object")
});
}
catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception) {
throw new
NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage());
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception) {
throw new
NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage());
}
}
}
|