Sql_Trace File Identifier

我們設置了sql_trace為true之后，trace file會dump到udump中，但是該目錄下也許已經有很多trace file了，或者其他session也設置了sql_trace為true，也在產生trace file。如何能迅速找到你的session產生的trace file呢？我們可以通過如下語句設置Sql_Trace File Identifier：

這樣你的session產生的trace file就會以設置的identifier為后綴。

 

然后我們可以看到udump下生成的trace file文件名為：test_ora_4168_test_identifier.trc

Sample Block

抽樣表掃描（sample table scan）只讀取一個表的部分數據。其實我們只選擇表的部分數據的話，可以用rownum來限制也很方便。但是考慮如下情況：
A表和B表join，我只想A表的部分數據去連接B表，此時用sample就方便的多。如果用rownum就需要用一個subquery。

抽樣表掃描有兩種形式，一種是抽樣表中行數的一個百分比，一個是抽樣表中塊數的一個百分比。注意都是百分比。語法如下：

也可以在視圖上使用SAMPLE。

Kimball在他的ETL Toolkit一書中，一直強調：對于有外鍵約束的表，為了提高load的速度，可以先將外鍵約束disable，加載完成后再enable（當然另外一個原因是進入數據倉庫的數據都是規范的，甚至可以考慮不使用外鍵約束，即違反約束的數據在Transformation部分就應該解決掉，當然這是設計問題了）。ps:另外兩個提高load速度的方法分別為使用sql loader和insert、update分離。當時還不是明白這個過程怎么具體實現，今天看《oracle concept》看到下面話終于明白了一些：
Flexibility for Data Loads and Identification of Integrity Violations
You can disable integrity constraints temporarily so that large amounts of data can be loaded without the overhead of constraint checking. When the data load is complete,you can easily enable the integrity constraints, and you can automatically report any new rows that violate integrity constraints to a separate exceptions table.
看來oracle這點上做的比較完善，還可以將違反完整性約束的數據自動記錄到一個exception表中。

今天google分析函數row_number()的時候發現的，覺得很好：

表demo是重復拷貝自dba_objects，有88萬左右，不重復的是27323，沒有索引
方法一：delete from demo a where a.rowid <> (select max(rowid) from demo b where
b.object_id=a.object_id);
耗時：幾個小時以上
方法二： delete from demo where rowid in
(select rid from
(select rowid rid,row_number() over(partition by object_id order by rowid) rn
from demo)
where rn <> 1 );
耗時：30秒
方法三： create table demo2 as
select object_id,owner... from
(select demo.*,row_number() over(partition by object_id order by rowid) rn from demo)
where rn = 1;
truncate table demo; insert into demo select * from demo2; drop table demo2;
共耗時： 10秒，適合大數據量的情況，產生更少回滾量；

學到了分析函數row_number(),對于object_id和rowid也有了一些認識。oracle要學的東西太多了，什么時候是個頭啊。上面的方法不是很難理解，但也還沒有完全理解，有機會實際試試。

今天在論壇看到的方法，先記錄下來：
方法一：
在sequential file stage中有個屬性可以ignore第一行。對于footer，如果footer使用了與正文不同的格式，可以用使用transformer stage和 @INROWNUM stage來將footer去掉。
方法二：
在sequential file的filter option中使用sed -e '$d' -e '1d'來講header和footer去掉。
方法三：
寫個before job subroutine，可以先對這個文件做各種處理，不過我想也是subroutine中調用DSExecute sed -e '$d' -e '1d'。當然Basic中也有專門對sequential file處理的函數。

Orchadmin is a command line utility provided by datastage to research on data sets.
The general callable format is : $orchadmin [options] [descriptor file]

1. Before using orchadmin, you should make sure that either the working directory or the $APT_ORCHHOME/etc contains the file “config.apt” OR

The environment variable $APT_CONFIG_FILE should be defined for your session.
Orchadmin commands

The various commands available with orchadmin are
1. CHECK: $orchadmin check

Validates the configuration file contents like , accesibility of all nodes defined in the configuration file, scratch disk definitions and accesibility of all the nodes etc. Throws an error when config file is not found or not defined properly

2. COPY : $orchadmin copy
Makes a complete copy of the datasets of source with new destination descriptor file name. Please not that

a. You cannot use UNIX cp command as it justs copies the config file to a new name. The data is not copied.

b. The new datasets will be arranged in the form of the config file that is in use but not according to the old confing file that was in use with the source.

3. DELETE : $orchadmin <> [-f -x] descriptorfiles….
The unix rm utility cannot be used to delete the datasets. The orchadmin delete or rm command should be used to delete one or more persistent data sets.
-f options makes a force delete. If some nodes are not accesible then -f forces to delete the dataset partitions from accessible nodes and leave the other partitions in inaccesible nodes as orphans.
-x forces to use the current config file to be used while deleting than the one stored in data set.

4. DESCRIBE: $orchadmin describe [options] descriptorfile.ds
This is the single most important command.
1. Without any option lists the no.of.partitions, no.of.segments, valid segments, and preserve partitioning flag details of the persistent dataset.
-c : Print the configuration file that is written in the dataset if any
-p: Lists down the partition level information.
-f: Lists down the file level information in each partition
-e: List down the segment level information .
-s: List down the meta-data schema of the information.
-v: Lists all segemnts , valid or otherwise
-l : Long listing. Equivalent to -f -p -s -v -e

5. DUMP: $orchadmin dump [options] descriptorfile.ds
The dump command is used to dump(extract) the records from the dataset.
Without any options the dump command lists down all the records starting from first record from first partition till last record in last partition.
-delim ‘’ : Uses the given string as delimtor for fields instead of space.
-field : Lists only the given field instead of all fields.
-name : List all the values preceded by field name and a colon
-n numrecs : List only the given number of records per partition.
-p period(N) : Lists every Nth record from each partition starting from first record.
-skip N: Skip the first N records from each partition.
-x : Use the current system configuration file rather than the one stored in dataset.

6. TRUNCATE: $orchadmin truncate [options] descriptorfile.ds
Without options deletes all the data(ie Segments) from the dataset.
-f: Uses force truncate. Truncate accessible segments and leave the inaccesible ones.
-x: Uses current system config file rather than the default one stored in the dataset.
-n N: Leaves the first N segments in each partition and truncates the remaining.

7. HELP: $orchadmin -help OR $orchadmin -help
Help manual about the usage of orchadmin or orchadmin commands

當一條記錄過來，某個字段為空，而在transformer中又對該字段trim了，由于該字段為空，不能trim，所以DataStage會認為這是個錯誤，從而把這個記錄drop了，這與實際業務不符合，非主鍵字段為空并不能就把這條記錄drop了。我們可以通過寫一個判斷來解決該問題：if LK_1.EMAIL <> '' then trim(LK_1.EMAIL) else LK_1.EMAIL

1 before/after job和before/after stage,可以執行shell，命令行以及一些DataStage API，如DSJobReport
2 job sequence中有個stage，可以在里面寫控制job調度的地方
3 每個job的properties中有個job control tab
4 命令行可以執行、導入job等，它通過dsjob實現，在DS Manager的文檔中還講了有專門的命令行來導入job
5 可以編寫shell來控制job，對dsjob命令做封裝，可以傳入參數等。
對于上面這些概念還是很模糊，先記錄在此。

今天又碰到新問題，在transformer中，進去是有很多record，出來之后為0條record，用peek，看了一下，進去的數據的某個字段數據全為null，而在transformer中對此字段trim了，改為不trim就可以了。

今天遇到一個問題，job不停的在那里運行，然后link上的數據顯示各個環節都是正確的，包括最后插入數據庫的link上也顯示了數據，但是最后數據庫里并沒有數據。在Director的log中，日志在從兩個源文件把所有數據load出來完之后，日志就死在那里了。
以前這個job是正確的，昨天由于重新load其中一個源文件的元數據，所以出現了上述問題。所以先前以為是由于load的新的源數據有問題，就從此處來找問題的原因，并且認為可能是改了元數據，在其他地方映射的時候有位置不對的地方，所以整了很久。因為以前是好好的，然后又以為是服務器的問題。

這都是定勢思維的錯誤，然后又一急，所以浪費了很多時間，其實很多時候都是這樣，出了問題我們不能理性的好好思考。

其實問題很簡單：
如果我們按照正常邏輯來分析的話，既然不能讀入數據庫，肯定是數據不符合數據庫對數據的約束，包括主鍵啊，非空啊，本問題就是由于在stage的不斷流轉中產生了很多空格，使得最后待插入的數據長度遠遠大于數據庫中定義的字段長度。由于在那里不斷reject，所以影響了速度，job一直在那里運行。最后用APT_STRING_PADDER,將其設為0x0（用null代替空格）搞定。
ps：在插入數據庫時使用一個reject文件對查錯有好處，這樣能看到reject是些什么數據，然后就能知道為什么被reject了。
同時我們可以得出如果最后插入數據庫時很多數據被reject，但是你并沒有用一個reject文件來接收這些reject掉的數據，將使得job基本處于停滯狀態。

當一個Job跑到一半終止了要還原，在DS Director中主要有三種方法來還原：
1 Job-----Reset
2 Job-----Clear Status File
3 Job-----Cleanup Resource
具體細節也不懂，有時間慢慢研究

Datastage Desiner的快捷鍵
1 關閉某個job <Ctrl+F4>
2 <Ctrl+F6>同時打開了兩個以上job，在不同的job之間切換。
Datastage Director的快捷鍵

1 First you should already have Tortoise installed.
2 Download the plugin here:http://www.tabaquismo.freehosting.net/ignacio/eclipse/tortoise-svn/subversion.html
3 Unzip the plugin to the plugins directory in your Eclipse as u usually do.
4 Now open the Preference page of your Eclipse and you can see Tortoise if everything goes well.
5 click Tortoise and you have three fields to configure,the following is what I configured :
Path:C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\TortoiseProc.exe
SVN Server:128.64.181.66
Shared Root Folder:/CARTCCP/CARTCCP/proj_/,your project's parent dir.

Now you can File--Import--Existing Eclipse projects into Workspace,choose your project and import.

Till now you can right-click on any files in your project and you can see shortcut menu Tortoise and here you can do update、commit and so on.

#!/bin/ksh
#######
################################################################################
#######
####### FILE: MasterControl.ksh
#######
####### DESCRIPTION: Starts a DataStage MasterControl type job passing
#######              all runtime parameter values
#######
#######
####### Date       Version   Developer      Description
####### ---------- --------- -------------- ------------------------------------
####### 2002-05-15 1.0       Ken Bland      Initial release
####### 2002-06-27 2.2       Ken Bland      FileSetDate/ProcessDate modifications
####### 2002-07-10 2.2       Steve Boyce    Added ProcessDate as 14th parameter
####### 2002-08-16 2.3       Steve Boyce    Now calls stored procedure
#######                                     GET_NEW_BATCH_NBR in datastage schema
#######                                     instead of deriving it and inserting
#######                                     here.
#######                                     Uses comSQLPlus.ksh and comPLSQL.ksh
#######                                     instead of SQLPlusStub.ksh.ksh
#######

PROG=`basename ${0}`
EXIT_STATUS=0

NOW=`date`
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} Initialization..."
echo

#######
####### CONFIGURATION ##########################################################
#######

if [ ${#} -ne 14 ]; then
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} : Invalid parameter list."
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} : The script needs 14 parameters:"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    JobName"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    ParameterFile"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    FileSetDate (YYYY-MM-DD)"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    BatchNumber"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    JobHierarchyFile"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    SourceSystemList"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    SubjectAreaList"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    ClearWorkArea"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    StartingMilestone"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    EndingMilestone"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    DebugMode"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    JobLinkStatisticChecksFile"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    ResurrectLogFile"
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} :    ProcessDate (NULL|YYYY-MM-DD H24:MI:SS)"
   exit 99
fi

JobName="${1}"
ParameterFile="${2}"
FileSetDate="${3}"
BatchNumber="${4}"
JobHierarchyFile="${5}"
SourceSystemList="${6}"
SubjectAreaList="${7}"
ClearWorkArea="${8}"
StartingMilestone="${9}"
EndingMilestone="${10}"
DebugMode="${11}"
JobLinkStatisticChecksFile="${12}"
ResurrectLogFile="${13}"
ProcessDate="${14}"

echo "${NOW} ${PROG} JobName ${JobName}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} ParameterFile ${ParameterFile}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} FileSetDate ${FileSetDate}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} BatchNumber ${BatchNumber}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} JobHierarchyFile ${JobHierarchyFile}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} SourceSystemList ${SourceSystemList}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} SubjectAreaList ${SubjectAreaList}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} ClearWorkArea ${ClearWorkArea}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} StartingMilestone ${StartingMilestone}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} EndingMilestone ${EndingMilestone}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} DebugMode ${DebugMode}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} JobLinkStatisticChecksFile ${JobLinkStatisticChecksFile}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} ResurrectLogFile ${ResurrectLogFile}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} ProcessDate ${ProcessDate}"
echo

# Below will look in the parameters.ini file to determine the directory path each.
UserID=`whoami`
BinFileDirectory=`cat /.dshome`/bin
LogFileDirectory=`grep -w LogFileDirectory ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
TempFileDirectory=`grep -w TempFileDirectory ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
CommonScriptFileDirectory=`grep -w CommonScriptFileDirectory ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
CommonLogFileDirectory=`grep -w CommonLogFileDirectory ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
LogFileName=${CommonLogFileDirectory}/${PROG}_${JobName}.log
TEMPBATCHNBRLOG=${TempFileDirectory}/${PROG}_${JobName}_start.log
DATASTAGEPROJECT=`grep -w DATASTAGEPROJECT ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
DSSERVER=`grep -w DSSERVER ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
DSUSERID=`grep -w DSUSERID ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`
DSPASSWORD=`grep -w DSPASSWORD ${ParameterFile}|cut -d "=" -f2`

NOW=`date`
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} UserID ${UserID}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} BinFileDirectory ${BinFileDirectory}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} LogFileDirectory ${LogFileDirectory}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} TempFileDirectory ${TempFileDirectory}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} CommonScriptFileDirectory ${CommonScriptFileDirectory}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} CommonLogFileDirectory ${CommonLogFileDirectory}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} LogFileName ${LogFileName}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} TEMPBATCHNBRLOG ${TEMPBATCHNBRLOG}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} DATASTAGEPROJECT ${DATASTAGEPROJECT}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} DSSERVER ${DSSERVER}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} DSUSERID ${DSUSERID}"
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} DSPASSWORD *Protected*"
echo

#######
####### PARAMETER BUILD Without batch number ##################################
#######

if [ "${ProcessDate}" = "NULL" ]; then
   StartTimestamp=`date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
else
   StartTimestamp="${ProcessDate}"
fi
ParamList=" -param ParameterFile=${ParameterFile}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param ProcessDate=\"${StartTimestamp}\""
ParamList="${ParamList} -param FileSetDate=${FileSetDate}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param JobHierarchyFile=${JobHierarchyFile}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param SourceSystemList=${SourceSystemList}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param SubjectAreaList=${SubjectAreaList}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param ClearWorkArea=${ClearWorkArea}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param StartingMilestone=${StartingMilestone}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param EndingMilestone=${EndingMilestone}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param DebugMode=${DebugMode}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param JobLinkStatisticChecksFile=${JobLinkStatisticChecksFile}"
ParamList="${ParamList} -param ResurrectLogFile=${ResurrectLogFile}"

#######
####### Get Batch Number and create ETL_BATCH_AUDIT record #####################
#######

echo "${NOW} ${PROG} About to get new BATCH_NBR and insert it into ETL_BATCH_AUDIT..."
${CommonScriptFileDirectory}/comPLSQL.ksh ${ParameterFile} "IRDSN" "IRUserID" \
                                           GET_NEW_BATCH_NBR \
                                              "${JobName}" \
                                              "${StartTimestamp}" \
                                              "${UserID}" \
                                              "${SourceSystemList}" \
                                              "${SubjectAreaList}" \
                                              "${ParamList}" \
                                              "${FileSetDate}" > ${TEMPBATCHNBRLOG}
SQL_EXIT_STATUS=$?
cat ${TEMPBATCHNBRLOG}
if [ "${SQL_EXIT_STATUS}" != 0 ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} Failure to connect/insert into ETL_Batch_Audit table!"
   exit ${SQL_EXIT_STATUS}
fi

#######
####### Get BATCH_NBR from batch number log file ##############################
#######
BatchNumber=`grep -w BATCH_NBR ${TEMPBATCHNBRLOG}|cut -d "=" -f2`
if [ -z "${BatchNumber}" ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo "${NOW} ${PROG} Failure to retrieve BATCH_NBR from ${TEMPBATCHNBRLOG}"
   exit ${SQL_EXIT_STATUS}
fi

#######
####### Add batch number to list of parameters #################################
#######
ParamList="${ParamList} -param BatchNumber=${BatchNumber}"

NOW=`date`
echo
echo ${NOW} ${PROG} Parameter list: ${ParamList}
echo

#######
####### DataStage EXECUTION ####################################################
#######

NOW=`date`
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} Executing DataStage dsjob program..."

echo ${BinFileDirectory}/dsjob -server ${DSSERVER} -user ${DSUSERID} -password ${DSPASSWORD} -run -wait ${ParamList} ${DATASTAGEPROJECT} ${JobName} 2>&1 > ${LogFileName}
echo
echo "${BinFileDirectory}/dsjob -server ${DSSERVER} -user ${DSUSERID} -password ${DSPASSWORD} -run -wait ${ParamList} ${DATASTAGEPROJECT} ${JobName} 2>&1 > ${LogFileName}"
echo

eval ${BinFileDirectory}/dsjob -server ${DSSERVER} -user ${DSUSERID} -password ${DSPASSWORD} -run -wait ${ParamList} ${DATASTAGEPROJECT} ${JobName} 2>&1 >> ${LogFileName}

jobwaiting=`grep "Waiting for job..." ${LogFileName}`
if [ "${jobwaiting}" != "Waiting for job..." ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "DataStage failed to start the job"
   failedstart=1
else
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "DataStage successfully started the job"
   failedstart=0
fi
NOW=`date`
echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "Retrieving job information"

${BinFileDirectory}/dsjob -server ${DSSERVER} -user ${DSUSERID} -password ${DSPASSWORD} -jobinfo ${DATASTAGEPROJECT} ${JobName} >> ${LogFileName}

#######
####### CHECK STATUS ###########################################################
#######

ERROR=`grep "Job Status" ${LogFileName}`
ERROR=${ERROR##*\(}
ERROR=${ERROR%%\)*}

if [ "${failedstart}" != 0 ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "The job failed to start"
   AuditStatus="FAILURE"
   Comments="MasterControl aborted"
   EXIT_STATUS=1
else
   if [ "${ERROR}" = 1 -o "${ERROR}" = 2 ]; then
      NOW=`date`
      echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "The job completed successfully"
      AuditStatus="SUCCESS"
      Comments=""
      EXIT_STATUS=0
   else
      NOW=`date`
      echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "The job aborted"
      AuditStatus="FAILURE"
      Comments="MasterControl aborted"
      EXIT_STATUS=1
   fi
fi

FailedJobCount=`grep -i FAILED ${LogFileDirectory}/${JobName}.log|wc -l|cut -b1-9`
FailedJobCount=`expr ${FailedJobCount} + 0`
echo ${NOW} ${PROG} The number of failed jobs is [${FailedJobCount}]

if [ "${FailedJobCount}" != 0 ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "The job had failed processes"
   AuditStatus="FAILURE"
   Comments="MasterControl had ${FailedJobCount} failed processes"
   EXIT_STATUS=1
fi
StoppedJobStreamCount=`grep "JOB STREAM STOPPED" ${LogFileDirectory}/${JobName}.his|wc -l|cut -b1-9`
StoppedJobStreamCount=`expr ${StoppedJobStreamCount} + 0`
if [ "${StoppedJobStreamCount}" != 0 ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} "The job stream was STOPped or KILLed"
   AuditStatus="FAILURE"
   Comments="MasterControl job stream was STOPped or KILLed"
   EXIT_STATUS=1
fi

#######
####### AUDIT ##################################################################
#######

echo
echo "${NOW} ${PROG} About to update ETL_BATCH_AUDIT with status information..."
EndTimestamp=`date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`

SQLstring="UPDATE ETL_BATCH_AUDIT A \
              SET A.END_TIMESTAMP = TO_DATE('${EndTimestamp}','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), \
                         A.STATUS = '${AuditStatus}', \
                       A.COMMENTS = '${Comments}', \
                A.RUNTIMESETTINGS = '${ParamList}' \
            WHERE (A.BATCH_NBR = ${BatchNumber});"

NOW=`date`
echo ${NOW} ${PROG} Audit SQL ${SQLstring}
SQLScriptFileName=${TempFileDirectory}/${PROG}_${JobName}_end.sql
echo ${SQLstring} > ${SQLScriptFileName}

${CommonScriptFileDirectory}/comSQLPlus.ksh ${ParameterFile} IRDSN IRUserID ${SQLScriptFileName}
SQL_EXIT_STATUS=$?
if [ "${SQL_EXIT_STATUS}" != 0 ]; then
   NOW=`date`
   echo ${NOW} ${PROG} Failure to connect/update into ETL_Batch_Audit table!
   exit ${SQL_EXIT_STATUS}
fi

#######
####### EXIT ###################################################################
#######

NOW=`date`
echo ${NOW} ${PROG} Complete, exiting with status [${EXIT_STATUS}]
exit ${EXIT_STATUS}


好東西，先收著，再研究。

在DataStage中job不能刪除，如果試著編譯又出現如下錯誤：
Error calling subroutine: DSR_EXECJOB (Action=1); check DataStage is set up correctly in project ETUDES
(Subroutine failed to complete successfully (30107))

+

(40503) A call to an OLE server has failed, or a runtime error occured within the ole itself.

解決辦法：
1 首先運行命令：DELETE FROM DS_JOBS WHERE NAME = 'JobName'
2 再運行DS.CHECKER ，注意要運行DS.CHECKER必須要有exclusive access到project
，通過如下命令可以看到有誰還連接到了服務器：netstat -a |grep dsrpc

                                                            一 BASIC介紹

1 一般的BASIC程序是如下一個格式
[ label ] statement [ ; statement … ] <Return>
2 關于subroutine
a 如果嵌入到了程序中用GOSUB調用，如果在外部，使用CALL
b 使用return返回到主程序，如果在return之前subroutine結束了，自動return
c 如果subroutine中有ABORT STOP CHAIN則永遠回不到主程序。
3 注釋
以REM * ! $^* 開頭的為注釋
4 創建一個BASIC 程序的步驟
使用CREATE.FILE命令創建一個type 1或type 19 DataStage file來保存BASIC程序的源碼。(在DSEngine目錄下運行CREATE.FILE命令，它將提示你輸入文件名等參數)

使用DataStage Editor或其他編輯器創建BASIC程序源碼，這個源碼成為你剛才創建的文件的一條記錄。

使用BASIC命令來編譯你程序，這將創建一個包含目標代碼的文件。目標文件的名字不重要，因為總是通過源文件名來引用程序。

可以用RUN命令來執行你的程序，使用RAID命令來調試你的程序。

                                                                二、基礎知識
數據類型、變量和操作符
所有數據在內部都是以字符串存儲，在運行時轉換為具體類型。
主要有三種數據類型：字符串、數字型、和unknown（null）

字符串
在BASIC源碼中，字符串產量是ASCII字符的序列，所以不能有0（null）和10（linefeed）字符，而是要使用CHAR(0)和CHAR(10)
數字型
范圍從10(-307)到10(307)，最多15位小數
unknown
null在內部是由單一字節CHAR(128)代表的，是一個string，可以用系統變量@NULL.STR來引用它。在BASIC程序中可以使用系統變量@NULL來引用null值。
一個字符串與null連接結果為null

數組
dimensioned array
在向量（一維數組）中，第一個元素的index為1
向量可以看做第二位為1的二維數組（矩陣）。
矩陣和向量的第一個元素分別用vector.name(0)和matrix.name(0,0)表示。它可以在MATPARSE、MATREAD和MATWRITE語句中用來存儲不合格的字段。

動態數組
動態數組的最高層是字段，由(F)分割。字段包含有(V)分割的值組成。每個值又可以包含由(S)分割的subvalue。

字符串的比較
字符串的比較是一個個的比較每個字符的ASCII的值。如果兩個字符串可以轉換為數字，總是比較兩個數字的數值大小。任何值與null相比較的結果都是unknown。空串不是簡單的等于0。空格看做小于0。

字符串匹配
X代表任何字符 A代表所有字母 N代表所有數字 前面的數字代表重復次數。如果前面的數字為0，代表后面的字符重復0到N次的任意次數都可以。

0是false 空串是false null非true非false

鎖 事務和隔離級別
鎖
鎖有兩種粒度：細粒度（記錄鎖定）和粗粒度（文件鎖定）
DataStage支持以下幾種鎖：
記錄共享鎖
記錄更新鎖
文件共享鎖
文件意向（intent）鎖 介于共享與排他之間
文件排他鎖

事務
事務可以嵌套
子事務在父事務提交或回滾之前開始的話，子事務將變成活動事務，而父事務將繼續存在但是是非活動的。當子事務提交或回滾之后，父事務將再次變為活動的。
在最高層的事務提交之前，將緩存所有子事務的數據庫操作。當進行一個讀取操作時，首先會去讀取緩存的數據，如果找不到才會從數據庫文件中讀取。

論壇上見到的，記錄一下，以備後用
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( MProperties.DS_EXE_PATH + "/dsjob -run -wait -param lowDate=" + lowDate + " -param highDate=" + highDatePlusOne + " -param dsOutDir=" + MProperties.DS_OUT_DIR + " -param IDB_user=" +MProperties.IDB_USER + " -param IDB_pass=" +
MProperties.IDB_PASS + " " + MProperties.DS_PROJECT + " " + MProperties.DS_JOB);
p.waitFor();
return p.exitValue() == 0;

另外如果有RTI，更好的方法如下：
The best way for this to be accomplished is by using the RTI (Real Time Integration) capabilities that we added in 7.x. This allows you to fully expose a DataStage job as a service, to be then invoked via several different mechanisms, depending on your needs....

.....the job can be exposed as a classic web service, using SOAP over HTTP...we generate and publish the WSDL for this within RTI...

....the job can be exposed via our EJB binding and called appropriately

....the job can be exposed for contact via JMS, and either passed a text message or SOAP envelope....

Not only can you simply pass job parameters via this architecture, you can actually have the entire transformation job itself (columns on the ultimate input and output links) passed and returned to your calling client.

Additionally, the entire job control API, which you may already be familiar with in its API or command line implementations, has been exposed as a set of methods available via Web Services.
主要就是通過將job包裝為web service或EJB或JMS來調用，可以傳參數，還可以將整個job本身（最終的輸入和輸出鏈接）作為參數傳遞或者返回到調用的客戶端。

通過右鍵添加link
鼠標右鍵點擊起始stage，按住右鍵移動鼠標到目標stage。還有一種方法就是把鼠標放在起始stage的邊緣等到變為一個小圓圈里面有一個叉的時候拖動鼠標到目標stage。

DataStage中默認和隱式類型轉換時注意的問題
當從源向目標映射數據時，如果類型不一致，對于有些類型我們需要在modify或transfomer stage中通過函數進行轉換，對于有些系統會自動完成類型轉換，在類型轉換過程中，注意以下幾點：
1 在變長到固定長度字符串的默認轉換中，parallel jobs用空格（ASCII 20）字符來填充剩余長度。聯系到前面做的一個parallel job，當目標是變長時（當時源也是變長，但是好像源的精度要小些），但是字符串實際的長度沒有指定的變長那么長的話，系統會自動用空格（ASCII 20）來填充（具體在哪個stage填充的不知），而且環境變量APT_STRING_PADCHAR的默認值也是空格（ASCII 20）。
2 通過環境變量APT_STRING_PADCHAR可以改變默認的填充字符null（ASCII 0），同時一般還要加上trim就能解決空格問題，此問題非常普遍。
3 有個PadString 函數可以用來用指定的字符來填充一個變長的字符串到指定的長度。這個函數的參數不能使固定長度字符串，如果是固定長度的先轉化為變長。
 
Copy Stage作為占位符
在job開發中，當你暫時不知道該使用哪個stage時，可以使用copy stage作為占位符，注意不要把Force屬性設為True，在不把Force設為True時，復制將在運行時進行優化。

使用Schema file來指定meta data
1 可以通過列定義和schema file兩種方式來指定meta data，值得注意的一點是Note that, if you use a schema file, you should ensure that runtime column propagation is turned on. Otherwise the column definitions specified in the stage editor will always override any schema file.即，如果想通過schema file來指定meta data，必須勾上runtime column propagation，否則總是使用列定義來作為meta data。
2 If you are using a schema file on an NLS system, the schema file needs to be in UTF-8 format.如果你的datastage使用了NLS system，那么schema file必須是UTF-8格式的。文檔中說可以使用Sequential stage來完成轉碼。
 
通過Server Shared Container在Parallel Job中添加Server Job Stage
You create a new shared container in the DataStage Designer, add Server job stages as required, and then add the Server Shared Container to your Parallel job and connect it to the Parallel stages.在Designer中創建一個server shared container，添加需要的Server job stage，再把server shared container添加到parallel job并連接到其他parallel stage。
 
幾個環境變量的具體路徑
%SERVERENGINE% – DataStage engine account directory(normally C:\Ascential\DataStage\Engine on Windows and <dsadminhome>\Ascential\DataStage\DSEngine on UNIX).
%PROJECT% – Current project directory.
%SYSTEM% – System directory on Windows NT or /usr/lib on UNIX.

一句不太懂的話，先做記錄
If NLS is enabled, avoid using the built-in Iconv and Oconv functions to map data unless you fully understand the consequences of your actions.在使用了NLS時，盡量避免使用Iconv and Oconv來映射日期，因為可能產生一些意想不到的結果。

I installed Chinese version of Eclipse.When I want to switch to English version,I use -nl en_us option and everything is just ok.

One day,I installed tortoise svn plug-in.In order to configure the svn plug-in,I first use -nl en_us option to start my Eclipse (just as I often do),then I open preference,hoping to see the tortoise in the preference and configure it.The problem is that I can not see tortoise in the preference as supposed.After trying many means to figure out the problem,I get the right answer:do not use -nl en_us option to start Eclipse and you can see tortoise in the preference.You need only to do this once,then you can use -nl en_us option to start your Eclipse as you usually do and you can still see tortoise in the preference.