�??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#22269;&#20135;&#21306;&#22312;&#32447;&#35270;&#39057;&#44;&#20037;&#20037;&#31934;&#21697;&#57;&#57;&#20037;&#20037;&#20037;&#39321;&#34121;&#44;&#22269;&#20135;&#31934;&#21697;&#20813;&#36153;&#31119;&#21033;</title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/</link><description /><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2025 02:23:47 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2025 02:23:47 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>需求管�?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/archive/2012/05/30/379534.html</link><dc:creator>bruce4585</dc:creator><author>bruce4585</author><pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 04:41:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/archive/2012/05/30/379534.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/comments/379534.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/archive/2012/05/30/379534.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/comments/commentRss/379534.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/wffancy/services/trackbacks/379534.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">一.&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">制定需求管理计�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;color:#333333">需求管理计划对于需求管理工作的成功实施�Q��v着重要作用。因此在��目启动后，我通过如下步骤�Q�完成制定需求管理计划工作�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">1.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">与相关�h沟通，梳理�q�明���需求管理工作内宏V��包括如何组�l�项目组人员获取用户需求的方式、需求变更控制流�E�、需求跟�t�频度及(qi��ng)触发时机�{��?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">2.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">明确需求管理涉�?qi��ng)的�q�系人、角色及(qi��ng)职责。因需求管理涉�?qi��ng)到�q�系�����多，为避免需求缺乏一个统一的入口及(qi��ng)出口。在本项目中�Q�在需求基�U�徏立后</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">我们要求客户方安排一名的需求接口�h�Q�我方也安排一名需求接口�h。后期的客户需求均由客��h��口�h攉����q�整理后发给我方需求接口�h</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">.</span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">3.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">明确需求管理采用的�q�_���Q�如需求管理工��L(f��ng)��。在本项目中�Q�我们在用需求跟�t�矩阵表实现需求双向跟�t�管理。采�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">svn</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">作�ؓ(f��)需求变更管理工兗���理</span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">4.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">�~�写需求管理计划。在本项目里�Q�采用公�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">CMMI</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">体系的需求管理计划模板，�q�行计划的编写。重�Ҏ(gu��)���q�C��上述内容。完成了需求管理计划编写后�Q�由��目�l�理、各���组�l�长�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">QA</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">共同对该需求管理计划进行评�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">.</span></strong></p>  <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:19.5pt;background:white;" align="left">&nbsp;</p>  <p style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:0cm;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在本��目中对需求获取的�z�d���q�程做以下描�q?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">:</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我与</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">2010</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">�q?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月下旬组��Z��需求调研分析小�l�，包括我在内共</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人，其中客户方业务�h�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">3</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人，本项目组</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">5</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人，我�v草了访谈人员列表计划�Q�需求调研问南���通过早组内谈论将客户方的用户�c�d��分�ؓ(f��)�ȝ��业务的领��|��业务�_�N��的用户、以�?qi��ng)普通用户三�c�R��对业务领导我们采取个别�U�谈的方式，调研重点是调研项目的��M��要求和非功能性要求，寚w���Ҏ(gu��)��心的业务需求也�q�行了调研。对业务�_�N��的重点用户采取了��谈会(x��)的�Ş式，以讨论的形式诱导用户提出需求。对普通用户采取调研问��L(f��ng)��形式�q�行调研。对攉���到的用户需求记录进行汇怅R��将汇总资料通过</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">svn</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">版本控制软�g分发�l�需求分析组的组员，让组员做�q�一步的分析和整理。根据用��L(f��ng)��原始需求和公司指定�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">SRS</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">模板�~�写了需求规��D��明书的初�E�，�l�过反复的与客户方的用户�q�行需求调研，整理分析�Q�对需求规��D��明书内容做必要的修改和增加。与</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">2010</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">�q?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">4</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月底形成了正式的需求规��D��明书�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">2010</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">�q?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">5</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月初我组�l�了分析人员�Q�设计�h员、和���试人员、客��h��参与的用戯���审和同行需求评审。评审通过后，最后应</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">ppt</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">文�g的�Ş式和客户�q�行需求确认�ƈ�{�֭�。通过配置���理员发布需求基�Uѝ�?/span></strong></p>  <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>  <p><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">需求变更管�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="text-indent:27.75pt"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">随着</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">软�g</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">技术的复杂化，架构的多样化�Q�业务的灉|��化，以及(qi��ng)随着客户�Ҏ(gu��)��需�pȝ��目标�?qi��ng)需求的清晰化，变更时不可避免的�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">�?x��)对��目的质量，成本、进度等产生影响</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">因此需求变更管理在整个��目的需求管理工作中昑־����其重要</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">一旦项目的需求基�U�徏立，寚w��求版本控制管理及(qi��ng)极�ؓ(f��)重要�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:19.5pt;background:white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">在本��目中我们采用如下需求变更管理流�E?/span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">�?/span></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">1.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">首先是客户需求接口�h提出需求变更申��h��单（记录需求变更项�Q�，我方需求接口�h接收到该需求变��_(d��)���q�将需求变更申请单转发�l�项目技术负责�h</span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">&nbsp;2.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">��目技术负责�h接收到需求变��_(d��)��对该变更�q�行技术评伎ͼ�如果技术上可行�Q�进入下一节点�Q�否则给出相关的技术解�{�，也同栯���入下一节点�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">3.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">��目�l�理接收到技术分析通过的需求变��_(d��)���q�行资源分析、进度分析等�Q�分析通过的需求变更项�Q�进�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">CCB</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">审核环节。对于技术负责�h分析不通过的需求变��_(d��)����目�l�理�l�过���认后，�l�束来流�E�，处于驛_��关闭状态。针对这部分需求变��_(d��)��需求接口�h���给客户予以�{�复�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:19.5pt;background: white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">4.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:#333333;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">对于��目�l�理审核通过的需求变��_(d��)��</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">CCB</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">安排人员�q�行复核�Q�复栔R��过后，该需求变更将由后�l�的实施人员�Q�如开发修改代码、需求�h员修攚w��求文���等�Q�进行实施，�q�安排相关�h�q�行验证。因实施�?qi��ng)验证不属于需求变更管理流�E�，故这里不赘述�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="text-align:left;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:19.5pt;background:white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">通过上述手段�Q�本��目保证了所有的需求变更都有据可依�Q�同�Ӟ��也通过该完整的需求管理过�E�，为后�l�的需求跟�t�及(qi��ng)相关的测试提供了信息保障�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="text-align:left;line-height:19.5pt;background:white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#333333;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">需求跟�t?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:18.05pt;line-height:19.5pt;background:white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">在实际项目开展中�Q�经�怼�(x��)发生�q�样的情��c(di��n)��测试�h员在�q�行���试�Ӟ��发现某些需求未实现�Q�或者客�?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">UAT</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">�Q�用��h��收测试）�Ӟ��发现某些功能�Ҏ(gu��)�����试全。诸如此�cȝ��问题�Q�很大一部分原因是由于需求双向跟�t�未做好�?/span></strong></p>  <p style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:left; text-indent:0cm;line-height:19.5pt; background:white;" align="left"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;color:#333333;">本项目需求双向跟�t�，包括从用户原始需求到�pȝ��需求、设计、编码、测试用例等之间的双向跟�t�。如下图所�C�：(x��)</span></strong></p>  <table style="width:438.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="584">  <tbody><tr>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">用户需�?/span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">�pȝ��需�?/span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">概设</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">详设</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><a target="_self"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#336699;"><span>源码</span></span></strong></a></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border-top:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">���试用例</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border-top:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">&#8230;&#8230;</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;   font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">最�l����?/span></strong></p>   </td>  </tr>  <tr>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;   border-top:none;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">1.1</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;   border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="73">   <p style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#333333;">1.1.1</span></strong></p>   </td>   <td style="width:54.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;   border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; 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