接深入淺出Java多線程系列（1），本文主要解決的問(wèn)題是：
如何使其Swing程序只能運(yùn)行一個(gè)實(shí)例？
拋開Swing， 我們的程序是通過(guò)java 命令行啟動(dòng)一個(gè)進(jìn)程來(lái)執(zhí)行的，該問(wèn)題也就是說(shuō)要保證這個(gè)進(jìn)程的唯一性，當(dāng)然如果能夠訪問(wèn)系統(tǒng)的接口，得到進(jìn)程的信息來(lái)判斷是否已有進(jìn)程正在運(yùn)行，不就解決了嗎？但是如何訪問(wèn)系統(tǒng)的接口呢？如何要保證在不同的平臺(tái)上都是OK的呢？我的思路是用文件鎖，當(dāng)然我相信肯定有更好的方法，呵呵，希望讀者能夠指出。
文件鎖是JDK1.4 NIO提出的，可以在讀取一個(gè)文件時(shí)，獲得文件鎖，這個(gè)鎖應(yīng)該是系統(tǒng)維護(hù)的，JVM應(yīng)該是調(diào)用的系統(tǒng)文件鎖機(jī)制，例子如下：
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
/**
*
* @author vma
*/
public class temp1 {
public static void main(String args[]) throws FileNotFoundException, InterruptedException, IOException{
RandomAccessFile r = new RandomAccessFile("d://testData.java","rw");
FileChannel temp = r.getChannel();
FileLock fl = temp.lock();
System.out.println(fl.isValid());
Thread.sleep(100000);
temp.close();
}
當(dāng)代碼獲得鎖后：我們?cè)噲D編輯這個(gè)文件是就會(huì)：
如果在啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Java Main方法時(shí)：
public class temp2 {
public static void main(String args[]) throws FileNotFoundException, InterruptedException, IOException{
RandomAccessFile r = new RandomAccessFile("d://testData.java","rw");
FileChannel temp = r.getChannel();
FileLock fl = temp.tryLock();
System.out.println(fl== null);
temp.close();。
返回的結(jié)束是 ture , 也就是得不到文件的鎖。
這就是對(duì)于進(jìn)程唯一性問(wèn)題我的解決思路，通過(guò)鎖定文件使其再啟動(dòng)時(shí)得不到鎖文件而無(wú)法啟動(dòng)。
說(shuō)到這里，跟今天Swing中的EDT好像還沒有關(guān)系，對(duì)于Swing程序，Main方法中一般像這樣：
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager
.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//Create the top-level container and add contents to it.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("SwingApplication");
SwingApplication app = new SwingApplication();
Component contents = app.createComponents();
frame.getContentPane().add(contents, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
啟動(dòng)Jframe后，Main線程就退出了，上面獲得文件鎖，并持有鎖的邏輯往哪里寫呢？ 有人會(huì)說(shuō)事件分發(fā)線程EDT，真的嗎？
由于我沒有做過(guò)Swing的項(xiàng)目，僅僅做過(guò)個(gè)人用的財(cái)務(wù)管理小軟件，還沒有深入理解過(guò)EDT，不管怎么說(shuō)先把那段邏輯加到EDT，
怎么加呢 用SwingUtilities
static void |
invokeAndWait(Runnable doRun)
Causes doRun.run() to be executed synchronously on
the AWT event dispatching thread. |
static void |
invokeLater(Runnable doRun)
Causes doRun.run() to be executed asynchronously on the AWT
event dispatching thread. |
加上去以后怎么界面沒有任何反應(yīng)了呢？
代碼如下：
package desktopapplication1;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
public class SwingApplication {
private static String labelPrefix = "Number of button clicks: ";
private int numClicks = 0;
public Component createComponents() {
final JLabel label = new JLabel(labelPrefix + "0 ");
JButton button = new JButton("I'm a Swing button!");
button.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_I);
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
numClicks++;
label.setText(labelPrefix + numClicks);
}
});
label.setLabelFor(button);
/*
* An easy way to put space between a top-level container and its
* contents is to put the contents in a JPanel that has an "empty"
* border.
*/
JPanel pane = new JPanel();
pane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(30, //top
30, //left
10, //bottom
30) //right
);
pane.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));
pane.add(button);
pane.add(label);
return pane;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager
.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//Create the top-level container and add contents to it.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("SwingApplication");
SwingApplication app = new SwingApplication();
Component contents = app.createComponents();
frame.getContentPane().add(contents, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
try {
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new getFileLock());
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class getFileLock implements Runnable{
public void run() {
try {
RandomAccessFile r = null;
try {
r = new RandomAccessFile("d://testData.java", "rw");
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
FileChannel temp = r.getChannel();
FileLock fl = null;
try {
fl = temp.lock();
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(getFileLock.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
System.out.println(fl.isValid());
try {
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
temp.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
打個(gè)斷點(diǎn)看看怎么了，斷點(diǎn)就在這里
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); 看看那個(gè)線程暫停了 看圖片：
看到了吧，我們寫的那個(gè)
getFileLock 是由AWT-EventQueue-0 線程執(zhí)行，看右下角調(diào)用關(guān)系， EventDispathThread 啟動(dòng) Run方法， 然后pumpEvents 取事件，然后從EventQueue取到InvocationEvent 執(zhí)行Dispath
Dispath調(diào)用的就是我們?cè)?span style="color: #000000;">getFileLock寫的
run() 方法， ＪＤＫ代碼如下：
public void dispatch() {
if (catchExceptions) {
try {
runnable.run();
}
catch (Throwable t) {
if (t instanceof Exception) {
exception = (Exception) t;
}
throwable = t;
}
}
else {
runnable.run();
}
if (notifier != null) {
synchronized (notifier) {
notifier.notifyAll();
}
}
}
runnable.run();
而如何將我們寫的
getFileLock加入的那個(gè)EventQueue中的呢？當(dāng)然是
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new getFileLock());
看JDK代碼：
public static void invokeAndWait(Runnable runnable)
throws InterruptedException, InvocationTargetException {
if (EventQueue.isDispatchThread()) {
throw new Error("Cannot call invokeAndWait from the event dispatcher thread");
}
class AWTInvocationLock {}
Object lock = new AWTInvocationLock();
InvocationEvent event =
new InvocationEvent(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(), runnable, lock,
true);
synchronized (lock) {
Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(event);
lock.wait();
}
Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(event);把我們寫的
getFileLock 塞進(jìn)了EventQueue.
這下讀者對(duì)EDT有個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)了吧。
1. EDT 只有一個(gè)線程， 雖然getFileLock是實(shí)現(xiàn)Runnable接口，它調(diào)用的時(shí)候不是star方法啟動(dòng)新線程，而是直接調(diào)用run方法。
2. invokeAndWait將你寫的getFileLock塞到EventQueue中。
3. Swing 事件機(jī)制采用Product Consumer模式 EDT不斷的取EventQueue中的事件執(zhí)行（消費(fèi)者）。其他線程可以將事件塞入EventQueue中，比如鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊Button是，將注冊(cè)在BUttion的事件塞入EventQueue中。
所以我們將getFileLock作為事件插入進(jìn)去后 EDT分發(fā)是調(diào)用Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE)就睡覺了，無(wú)暇管塞入EventQueue的其他事件了，比如關(guān)閉窗體。
所以絕對(duì)不能將持有鎖的邏輯塞到EventQueue，而應(yīng)該放到外邊main線程或者其他線程里面。
提到
invokeAndWait，還必須說(shuō)說(shuō)invokelater 這兩個(gè)區(qū)別在哪里呢?
invokeAndWait與invokelater區(qū)別： 看JDK代碼：
public static void invokeLater(Runnable runnable) {
Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(
new InvocationEvent(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(), runnable));
}
public static void invokeAndWait(Runnable runnable)
throws InterruptedException, InvocationTargetException {
if (EventQueue.isDispatchThread()) {
throw new Error("Cannot call invokeAndWait from the event dispatcher thread");
}
class AWTInvocationLock {}
Object lock = new AWTInvocationLock();
InvocationEvent event =
new InvocationEvent(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(), runnable, lock,
true);
synchronized (lock) {
Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(event);
lock.wait();
}
Throwable eventThrowable = event.getThrowable();
if (eventThrowable != null) {
throw new InvocationTargetException(eventThrowable);
}
}
invokelater:當(dāng)在main方法中調(diào)用SwingUtils.invokelater,后，把事件塞入EventQueue就返回了，main線程不會(huì)阻塞。
invokeAndWait： 當(dāng)在Main方法中調(diào)用SwingUtils.invokeAndWait 后，看代碼片段：
synchronized (lock) {
Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(event);
lock.wait();
}
main線程獲得lock 后就wait()了，直到事件分發(fā)線程調(diào)用lock對(duì)象的notify喚醒main線程，否則main 就干等著吧。
這下明白了吧！
總之，對(duì)于我們問(wèn)題最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是是main線程里，或者在其他線程里處理。
最后的解決方案是：
package desktopapplication1;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
public class SwingApplication {
private static String labelPrefix = "Number of button clicks: ";
private int numClicks = 0;
public Component createComponents() {
final JLabel label = new JLabel(labelPrefix + "0 ");
JButton button = new JButton("I'm a Swing button!");
button.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_I);
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
numClicks++;
label.setText(labelPrefix + numClicks);
}
});
label.setLabelFor(button);
/*
* An easy way to put space between a top-level container and its
* contents is to put the contents in a JPanel that has an "empty"
* border.
*/
JPanel pane = new JPanel();
pane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(30, //top
30, //left
10, //bottom
30) //right
);
pane.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));
pane.add(button);
pane.add(label);
return pane;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager
.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
Thread t = new Thread(new getFileLock());
t.setDaemon(true);
t.start();
//Create the top-level container and add contents to it.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("SwingApplication");
SwingApplication app = new SwingApplication();
Component contents = app.createComponents();
frame.getContentPane().add(contents, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class getFileLock implements Runnable{
public void run() {
try {
RandomAccessFile r = null;
try {
r = new RandomAccessFile("d://testData.java", "rw");
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
FileChannel temp = r.getChannel();
try {
FileLock fl = temp.tryLock();
if(fl == null) System.exit(1);
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
temp.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在Main方法里啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Daemon線程,持有鎖，如果拿不到鎖，就退出
if(fl == null) System.exit(1);
當(dāng)然這只是個(gè)解決方案，如何友好給給用戶提示以及鎖定那個(gè)文件就要根據(jù)具體情況而定了。