一、安裝前的準備和相關說明
下載JDK，tomcat
我下載的是
apache-tomcat-6.0.24.tar.gz
jdk-6u18-linux-i586-rpm.bin
查看系統版本
[root@www ~]# uname -a
Linux www.digican-rfid.com 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@www ~]#
相關說明：
網站目錄為：/data/webapps
log目錄為：/data/logs
二、安裝JDK
[root@www ~]# cd /software
[root@www software]# chmod +x jdk-6u18-linux-i586-rpm.bin
[root@www software]# ./jdk-6u18-linux-i586-rpm.bin
[root@www software]# vi /etc/profile
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在export PATH前增加以下內容
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat6/bin/
在export PATH 的后面增加以下內容
JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH CATALINA_HOME
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[root@www software]# set 查看輸出中有沒有java的變量
[root@www software]# java -version 測試java
三、安裝tomcat
[root@www software]# chmod +x apache-tomcat-6.0.24.tar.gz
[root@www software]# cd /usr/local
[root@www local]# tar -xzvf /software/apache-tomcat-6.0.24.tar.gz
[root@www local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-6.0.24 tomcat6
[root@www local]# cd tomcat6
[root@www tomcat6]# vi /etc/profile
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在export PATH前增加以下內容
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat6
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat6/bin/
在export PATH 的后面增加以下內容
CATALINA_HOME CATALINA_BASE
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[root@www tomcat6]# set 查看輸出中有沒有java的變量
[root@www tomcat6]# startup.sh 啟動tomcat
[root@www tomcat6]# netstat -ln | grep 80 要保證出現下面一行
tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN
在瀏覽器里輸入 http://localhsot:8080 應該會出來tomcat的標志
[root@www tomcat6]# shutdown.sh 停止tomcat
[root@www tomcat6]# vi conf/server.xml 更改以下幾行
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<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.digican-rfid.com"> 更改默認主機
<Host name="www.digican-rfid.com" appBase="/data/webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context path="" docBase="/data/webapps/company" reloadable="true" caseSensitive="false" debug="0"/> 更改主機頭和網站目錄
<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" /> 更改端口
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[root@www tomcat6]# vi conf/tomcat-users.xml 更改以下幾行
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<user username="tomcat" password="admin" roles="admin,manager"/> 增加tomcat管理用戶
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[root@www tomcat6]# mkdir -pv /data/logs
[root@www tomcat6]# cp -R /usr/local/tomcat6/webapps /data
[root@www tomcat6]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat6/webapps
[root@www tomcat6]# ln -s /data/webapps /usr/local/tomcat6/webapps
[root@www tomcat6]# startup.sh 啟動tomcat
[root@www tomcat6]# netstat -ln | grep 80 要保證出現下面一行
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
在瀏覽器里輸入 http://localhsot 應該會出來自定義的網站
[root@www tomcat6]# shutdown.sh 停止tomcat
[root@www tomcat6]# tomcat安裝完成
四、設置tomcat開機自啟動
以下文章參考了網上的文章，但經過自己試驗和整理。
linux自動啟動程序的方法很多，但是有時某些程序要設置環境變量的就會引起麻煩。
tomcat啟動時需要設置JAVA_HOME,CLASSPATH等環境變量，
很多文章說設置好環境變量，把/path/startup.sh放到rc.local中就可以實現自動啟動了，
但是實際操作發現，很多的linux版本因為安全原因，rc.local中忽略了export命令，也就是說在這里設置的export都是無效的，同時，放在rc.local中默認會以root用戶運行，只要在遠程運行一個jsp文件就可能會刪除系統文件，是極不安全的方式。
以下方法經過我的驗證,可以實現。
在Linux下，Tomcat可以作為一個守護進程來啟動以及停止，這個必須借助于項目commons-daemon中的jsvc工具。Tomcat安裝完后就帶有這個工具的源碼{tomcat}/bin/jsvc.tar.gz。按照下列命令安裝這個工具：
[root@www ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat6/bin/
[root@www bin]# tar zxvf /usr/local/tomcat6/bin/jsvc.tar.gz
[root@www bin]# cd jsvc-src
[root@www jsvc-src]# chmod +x configure
[root@www jsvc-src]# ./configure --with-java=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/
[root@www jsvc-src]# make
[root@www jsvc-src]# ./jsvc -help
jsvc工具本身帶了一個腳本（在native目錄下)用來啟動和停止Tomcat守護進程，但是在試驗中發現該腳本無法設置為自動啟動，顯示的錯誤信息是：tomcat 服務不支持 chkconfig，因此修改了此腳本，可以從此處下載：tomcat.txt
程序代碼:（網上大部分代碼有錯誤，經修改運行OK）
[root@www jsvc-src]# tar -xzvf bin/jsvc.tar.gz
[root@www jsvc-src]# cp /usr/local/tomcat6/bin/jsvc-src/native/Tomcat5.sh /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcatd
[root@www jsvc-src]# useradd tomcat
[root@www jsvc-src]# chown -R tomcat /usr/local/tomcat6
[root@www jsvc-src]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcatd
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#!/bin/sh
##############################################################################
#
# Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
##############################################################################
#
# Small shell script to show how to start/stop Tomcat using jsvc
# If you want to have Tomcat running on port 80 please modify the server.xml
# file:
#
# <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 80 -->
# <Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector"
# port="80" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
# enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
# acceptCount="10" debug="0" connectionTimeout="60000"/>
#
# That is for Tomcat-6.0.x (Apache Tomcat/6.0)
#
#
#chkconfig:345 87 13
#description: Tomcat Daemon
#以上兩行是chkconfig 用的，如果沒有，chkconfig 就不支持此服務
# processname: jsvc
# pidfile: /var/run/jsvc.pid
prog=tomcat# Adapt the following lines to your configuration
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6
DAEMON_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME/bin
TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
# for multi instances adapt those lines.
TMP_DIR=/tmp
CATALINA_OPTS=
PID_FILE=/var/run/jsvc.pid
CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME
#CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/home/jfclere/jakarta-tomcat-connectors/jni/native/.libs"
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar
#case "$1" in
start(){
echo -n "Starting $prog: "
#
# Start Tomcat
#
# $DAEMON_HOME/src/native/unix/jsvc \
$DAEMON_HOME/jsvc-src/jsvc \
-user $TOMCAT_USER \
-home $JAVA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
-Djava.io.tmpdir=$TMP_DIR \
-pidfile $PID_FILE \
-outfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out \
-errfile '&1' \
$CATALINA_OPTS \
-cp $CLASSPATH \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
#
# To get a verbose JVM
#-verbose \
# To get a debug of jsvc.
#-debug \
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/jsvc
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && echo success || echo failure
echo return $RETVAL
}
stop(){
echo -n "Stopping $prog: "
#
# Stop Tomcat
#
PID=`cat /var/run/jsvc.pid`
kill $PID
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL=0 ] && rm /var/lock/subsys/jsvc
[ $RETVAL=0 ] && echo success || echo failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
*)
echo "Usage $0 start/stop"
exit 1;;
esac
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[root@www ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcatd
來驗證守護進程是否可以正常啟動和停止。
[root@www ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat start|stop 啟動或停止tomcat
或
[root@www ~]# service tomcat start|stop
接下來就是把這個腳本設置成系統啟動時自動執行，系統關閉時自動停止，使用如下命令：
[root@www ~]# chkconfig --add tomcatd
重新啟動系統后可以啟動的過程中看到Starting Tomcat ..... [OK]的信息，這樣就完成設置過程。