在新版手机地图中Q矢量图替换原本的2D画面为用户呈现出全新?D界面Q用户可以自q转动和羃放。此外用戯会获得ȝ地图览功能Q不用在览地图时保持在U状态?/p>
Google现在在其官方手机频道又放Z一D는Nexus Sq行新版Maps应用的全功能演示Q这ƾY件将会随Nexus S上市Q之后提供其他设备更斎ͼ但是Ҏ(gu)机硬件有一定的要求Q新?00MHz?GHz处理器且配有专用囑Ş核心的手机才能支?D视图?/p>
获取WFS服务器元数据
http://search.tianditu.com/wfs?request=getCapabilities
q回信息如下Q?br /> <WFS_Capabilities version="1.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs http://schemas.opengeospatial.net//wfs/1.0.0/WFS-capabilities.xsd">
<Service>
<Name>GeoGlobe WFS</Name>
<Title>GeoGlobe|络要素服务?lt;/Title>
<Abstract>武大吉奥信息技术有限公司GeoGlobe|络要素服务?lt;/Abstract>
<KeywordList/>
<OnlineResource>http://search.tianditu.com:80/wfs</OnlineResource>
</Service>
<Capability>
<Request>
<GetCapabilities>
<DCPType>
<HTTP>
<Get onlineResource="http://search.tianditu.com:80/wfs"/>
</HTTP>
</DCPType>
</GetCapabilities>
<GetFeature>
<ResultFormat>
<GML2/>
</ResultFormat>
<DCPType>
<HTTP>
<Get onlineResource="http://search.tianditu.com:80/wfs"/>
<Post onlineResource="http://search.tianditu.com:80/wfs"/>
</HTTP>
</DCPType>
</GetFeature>
<DescribeFeatureType>
<SchemaDescriptionLanguage>
<XMLSCHEMA/>
</SchemaDescriptionLanguage>
<DCPType>
<HTTP>
<Get onlineResource="http://search.tianditu.com:80/wfs"/>
</HTTP>
</DCPType>
</DescribeFeatureType>
</Request>
<VendorSpecificCapabilities/>
</Capability>
<FeatureTypeList>
<Operations>
<Query/>
</Operations>
<FeatureType>
<Name>DOMAIN_POI_NEW</Name>
<Title>DOMAIN_POI_NEW</Title>
<Abstract>DOMAIN_POI_NEW</Abstract>
<Keywords>DOMAIN_POI_NEW</Keywords>
<SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS>
<LatLongBoundingBox minx="-180.0" miny="-90.0" maxx="180.0" maxy="90.0"/>
</FeatureType>
<FeatureType>
<Name>iso19112:SI_Gazetteer</Name>
<Title>iso19112:SI_Gazetteer</Title>
<SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS>
<LatLongBoundingBox minx="-180.0" miny="-90.0" maxx="180.0" maxy="90.0"/>
</FeatureType>
</FeatureTypeList>
<ogc:Filter_Capabilities>
<ogc:Spatial_Capabilities>
<ogc:Spatial_Operators>
<ogc:BBOX/>
<ogc:Equals/>
<ogc:Disjoint/>
<ogc:Intersect/>
<ogc:Touches/>
<ogc:Crosses/>
<ogc:Within/>
<ogc:Contains/>
<ogc:Overlaps/>
<ogc:Beyond/>
</ogc:Spatial_Operators>
</ogc:Spatial_Capabilities>
<ogc:Scalar_Capabilities>
<ogc:Logical_Operators/>
<ogc:Comparison_Operators>
<ogc:Simple_Comparisons/>
<ogc:Like/>
<ogc:Between/>
</ogc:Comparison_Operators>
</ogc:Scalar_Capabilities>
</ogc:Filter_Capabilities>
</WFS_Capabilities>
q回信息包含了WFS服务器的开发单位（武大吉奥Q，W(xu)FS囑ֱ的名UͼDOMAIN_POI_NEW和iso19112:SI_GazetteerQ，支持的逻辑操作W和I间操作W?br />
l箋试
http://search.tianditu.com/wfs?request=GetFeature&version=1.0.0&typeName=DOMAIN_POI_NEW&BBOX=105.99,29.99,106,30
q回
<wfs:FeatureCollection xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs WFS_Basic.xsd http://www.geostart.com.cn/geoglobe describe.xsd">
<gml:boundedBy>
<gml:Box>
<gml:coordinates>-180.0,-90.0 180.0,90.0</gml:coordinates>
</gml:Box>
</gml:boundedBy>
<gml:featureMember>
<DOMAIN_POI_NEW>
<OID>6764930</OID>
<Geometry>
<gml:Point srsName="-1">
<gml:coordinates>105.999183,29.995258</gml:coordinates>
</gml:Point>
</Geometry>
<DOMAINNAME>梅子?lt;/DOMAINNAME>
<DOMAINCODE>1CHN50022400000130172</DOMAINCODE>
<NLEVEL>16</NLEVEL>
<X>105.999183</X>
<Y>29.995258</Y>
<COLDATE/>
<NAMETIME/>
<ENDTIME/>
<CLASSID/>
<STANDARDNAME>亚洲中国重庆市铜梁县梅子?lt;/STANDARDNAME>
<TELEPHONE/>
<ADDRESS/>
<KIND>BB80</KIND>
<ZIPCODE/>
<ADMINCODE>500224</ADMINCODE>
<POI_ID>5000000130172</POI_ID>
<PID/>
<DATATYPE>chinapoi</DATATYPE>
<FENAME/>
<locationType>
<SI_LocationType>
<name>DOMAIN_POI_NEW</name>
</SI_LocationType>
</locationType>
</DOMAIN_POI_NEW>
</gml:featureMember>
</wfs:FeatureCollection>
分析q回的GML数据Q可知DOMAIN_POI_NEW是地名图层，包含名称、代码、类别码{属性字Dc?br />
图层改为iso19112:SI_GazetteerQ没有返回Q何信息，google ISO19112Q得到如下解释：
DIN EN ISO 19112-2005 地理信息.通过地理标识W的I间定位 标准P DIN EN ISO 19112-2005 标准名称Q? 地理信息.通过地理标识W的I间定位
得到以上信息后，我们试使用Openlayers获取Q即全国地名数据库?br />
通过URLQGET方式Q访?#8220;天地?#8221;WFS服务Q可以用OpenLayers.Request.GETc，CZ代码如下Q?br /> //使用FEATUREID查询
new OpenLayers.Request.GET( {
url : "http://search.tianditu.com/wfs?request=GetFeature",
params: {
typeName: "DOMAIN_POI_NEW",
FEATUREID: "DOMAIN_POI_NEW.6649356"
},
callback : handler
});
//使用BBOX查询
new OpenLayers.Request.GET( {
url : "http://search.tianditu.com/wfs?request=GetFeature",
params: {
typeName: "DOMAIN_POI_NEW",
BBOX: "105.99,29.99,106,30" //map.getExtent().toBBOX()
},
callback : handler
});
说明Q?br />
url WFS服务器地址Q必d?request=GetFeature
typeName 囑ֱ名称
FEATUREID WFS的图元IDQ采用标准格式： [囑ֱ名].[OID~号]
BBOX 指定区域查询Q注意不要设|过大，否则览器可能失d应?/p>
通过POST方式讉K“天地?#8221;WFS服务Q可以用OpenLayers.Request.POSTc，CZ代码如下Q?/p>
var xmlPara = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>"
+ "<wfs:GetFeature maxFeatures='100' service='WFS' version='1.0.0' "
+ "xmlns:wfs='http://www.opengis.net/wfs' "
+ "xmlns:gml='http://www.opengis.net/gml' "
+ "xmlns:ogc='http://www.opengis.net/ogc' "
+ "xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' "
+ "xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.opengis.net/wfs http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/wfs.xsd'>"
+ "<wfs:Query typeName='iso19112:SI_Gazetteer' srsName='EPSG:4326'>"
+ "<ogc:Filter xmlns:ogc='http://www.opengis.net/ogc'>"
+ "<ogc:And><ogc:PropertyIsLike wildCard='*' singleChar='.' escape='!'>"
+ "<ogc:PropertyName>STANDARDNAME</ogc:PropertyName>"
+ "<ogc:Literal>*解放?</ogc:Literal>"
+ "</ogc:PropertyIsLike></ogc:And></ogc:Filter>"
+ "</wfs:Query></wfs:GetFeature>";
var request = OpenLayers.Request.POST( {
url : "http://search.tianditu.com/wfs?",
data : xmlPara,
callback : handler
});
};
说明Q?/p>
url WFS服务器地址
data WFSh正文Q返回的GML由回调函数handler处理
handler负责处理服务端返回的GML数据Q也是矢量化的地图数据Q根据应用需求编写代码，获取feature的通用代码如下Q?br />
var g = new OpenLayers.Format.GML();
var features = g.read(req.responseText);
for ( var i = 0; i < features.length; ++i) {
var feature = features[i];
var geometry = feature.geometry;
var attributes = feature.attributes;
}
定义qo条g时请使用STANDARDNAME字段Q不要用DOMAINNAME字段Q前者应该有索引支持Q而后者没有，查询速度差别很大?/p>
l过试QtypeName="DOMAIN_POI_NEW"和typeName="iso19112:SI_Gazetteer"都能q回l果。由于缺官Ҏ(gu)档说明，不知道这两个囑ֱ有何区别?br />
试使用OpenLayers.Protocol.WFS无法讉K“天地?#8221;WFS服务Q服务器q回: h参数[REQUEST]的gؓI或不正?/p>
提醒: 使用POST查询Ӟ面文g或代码文件务必保存ؓutf-8~码Q如果用gbk、gb2312~码Q汉字地名会变成qQ导致javascript代码错误?/p>
WMS Cascading
Something users have asked for since the addition of WMS support itself is cascading, the ability of GeoServer to proxy for another remote WMS server like MapServer or another GeoServer. This feature has many uses such as pulling in a remote base layer and overlaying local vector data onto it or securing a locally unsecured map server. Special thanks to the University of Perugia for sponsoring this feature.
Read more about WMS cascading.
Virtual Services
Anyone who has published a large number of layers or feature types with GeoServer has probably at some point been annoyed by the fact that every single layer is published by a single global service. WMS has the ability to group and nest layers but WFS and WCS have no such equivalent. Well now with virtual services one can create multiple service endpoints within a single physical geoserver instance.
Special thanks to Landgate for funding this work.
Read more about virtual services.
Layers from SQL
GeoServer has always been good at publishing a flat database table. But users often need to do more such as pre filter the data in a table, or join two tables together, or generate column values on the fly with a function. Before this feature the recommendation was to create a view. However views can be a maintenance burden and are at times problematic.
Now one can create a layer directly from an SQL query. And on top of that query definitions can be parameterized which allows one to create dynamic queries on the fly. These parameters can be restricted with regular expressions in order to prevent an SQL injection security hole.
Special thanks to Andrea for spending much of his personal time on this one. And also to OBIS who provided the funding for the parametric component of the work.
Read more about SQL layers.
WPS
With 2.1 and the arrival of WPS we welcome a new OGC service to the family. The Web Processing Service is an OGC service for performing geospatial analysis functions over the web. The specification is extensible in nature and allows for simple processes like buffering a geometry to more complex processes such as image processing.
Historically GeoServer has been focused primarily on data delivery without any tools for performing analysis of spatial data. WPS fills that gap making GeoServer a more compete solution for geospatial web services.
Thanks to Refractions Research for the initial contribution of the WPS module and to Andrea once again for taking personal time to bring WPS support to its current state.
Read more about WPS. Download the WPS extension now to try it out.
Unit of Measure
Support for units in SLD allows one to specify values in measurements other than pixels such as feet or meters. This adds a very powerful capability to SLD that in many cases alleviates the need for multiple scale dependent rendering rules. This has the upside of greatly simplifying complex SLD documents.
Special thanks to Milton Jonathan who did the initial GeoTools work to make unit of measure support possible and to Andrea for working with Milton to improve the initial patch. Note that this feature has also been backported to the stable 2.0.x branch. Thanks to SWECO and Malmö City of Sweden for sponsoring the backport.
Read more about UOM support.
DPI Scaling
By default GeoServer renders images at a resolution of 90 DPI. While this is acceptable for the standard screen it is not acceptable for print which requires a higher resolution. Now it is possible to supply a format option to a WMS request on the fly that controls the DPI setting.
Special thanks again to SWECO and to Malmö City of Sweden for sponsoring this work. Note also that this feature has also been backported to the stable 2.0.x branch.
Read more about DPI scaling.
]]>
在开源WebGIS领域QMapServer的历史和名气都超qGeoServerQ?0世纪90q代中期Q由明尼苏达大学研制Q，很早p列入OSGeo目l?
与GeoServer不同QMapServer用C语言~写Q采用传l的CGI架构Q融合了Pro4j、GDAL{开源项目。对比J2EE架构的GeoServerQMapServer昑־非常_yQ?.6版本的核心部分只?3KBQ源代码只有2.2MQ包括Apache、Php、Pro4j、GDAL、MapScript在内的完整安装包也只?5M?br />
安装q程
和Java一PCh良好的跨q_Ҏ(gu)，MapServer支持Windows、Linux、Mac OS X{操作系l?br />
官方|站对Unix和W(xu)indowsq_下的源代码安装步骤给Z详细说明。根据说明下载需要的W三方库Q然后在Shell命o行模式下~译源代码，对于~少Unix Shell或DOS操作l验的用P q是一件比较头疼的事情。好在MapServer已经考虑C习惯命o行操作的Windows用户Q给ZWindows下的已编译安装包ms4wQ目前最新版本是3.0beta11?
ms4w的安装过E很单，下蝲ms4wQ解压羃到硬盘Q意目录（目录名最好不要包含中文字W）Q打开命o提示W窗口，切换到ms4w所在目录，键入apache-install卛_。（提示Q如果机器上安装有Apache或IISQ运行apache-install之前Q请它们关闭。ms4w安装后不会和原有的Apache冲突。）
看到如下信息Q说明安装成功?br /> Installing the Apache MS4W Web Server service
The Apache MS4W Web Server service is successfully installed.
Testing httpd.conf....
Errors reported here must be corrected before the service
can be started.
The Apache MS4W Web Server service is starting.
The Apache MS4W Web Server service was started successfully.
安装完成后，使用览器访?http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/mapserv.exeQMapServerq回如下提示信息
No query information to decode. QUERY_STRING is set, but empty.
发布地图数据
cM于Arcgis Server和GeoServerQMapServer采用零代码编写的配置文g方式理地图发布Q配|文件被UCؓMapfileQ后~名ؓmap?
Mapfile有三U编写方式：
1、参考官Ҏ(gu)档Mapfile章节Q手工编?
q种方式要求开发h员对Mapfile的编写规则非常熟(zhn)，否则很容易出错?br /> 2、类似Arcgis Server和GeoServer提供的Web囑Ş化配|界面，MapServer有一个对应的开源项目MapLabQ提供基于Web的图形化配置界面
不过个h感觉QMapLab的易用性远逊于Arcgis Server和GeoServer?
3、用开源桌面^台QGISQ自动生成Mapfile文g
对于新手Q推荐用第三种方式?
以下是测试用的Mapfile文gQMapServer对Mapfile文g的存放位|没有特D要求，可以存放在不同的计算Z?br />
# Mapfile文g必须以MAP开?
MAP
# Map的名?test
NAME test
STATUS ON
# 地图大小
SIZE 800 600
# Projection definition
# Projections are not currenlty supported. If desired, add your own # projection information based on Mapserver documentation.
# Map的坐标系
PROJECTION "init=epsg:4326"
END
# Map的全图范?
EXTENT 75 15 140 55
# Map的坐标单?DD表示l纬?
UNITS DD
# Map的背景颜?白色
IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255
# 生成的图片类型，常用gif或png
IMAGETYPE gif
# shp文g的\径，请用绝对\?
SHAPEPATH "I://cn_data"
#
# Start of web interface definition. Only the TEMPLATE parameter # must be specified to display a map. See Mapserver documentation
# MapServer内置了地囑֮L(fng)功能Q此处是Web客户端相兌|?
# ׃我们使用Openlayers作ؓ地图客户端，MapServer做ؓ地图服务器，此处不做讄
WEB
# HEADER
# TEMPLATE
# FOOTER
# 最、最大比例尺{
MINSCALE 1
MAXSCALE 13
# 讄IMAGEPATHQ默认\径如下，请用绝对\?
IMAGEPATH 'I:/ms4w/Apache/htdocs/tmp'
# 讄IMAGEURLQ默认\径如?
IMAGEURL '/tmp/'
END
# 讄囑ֱQ一个Map下可以包含多个LAYER
LAYER NAME polyline # 囑ֱ名称QMapServer使用该名U?
TYPE LINE # 几何cd
STATUS ON
DATA "roa_4m" # shp文g名，不需要带扩展名，路径在前面的SHAPEPATH中指定
CLASS NAME "roa_4m" # cd
# TEMPLATE
COLOR 112 0 0 # 颜色
END
END
END # Map File
客户端测?/strong>
接下来测试刚才徏立的MapfileQ在览器地址栏中输入 http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?LAYERS=polyline&MAP=I:/ms4w/Apache/htdocs/my.map&FORMAT=gif&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetMap&STYLES=&EXCEPTIONS=application%2Fvnd.ogc.se_inimage&SRS=EPSG%3A4326&BBOX=75,15,140,55&WIDTH=800&HEIGHT=600
大约0.5U后Q初ơ加载）Q浏览器昄Z?Q?00万道路网Q地囑֏布成功！ 熟?zhn)OGC标准的朋友可能已l发玎ͼ上面的URL是WMS地图h?
直接通过CGIhQ得到的是一q静态地图，Z实现地图的羃放、O游，我们选用Openlayers地图客户端? 通过OpenLayers.Layer.WMS可以直接调用MapServer地图服务Q测试代码如下：
var ms_layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(
"polyline", //OpenLayers中的囑ֱ?
"/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe", //MapServer地图服务器的路径
{ layers: 'polyline', //Mapfile中定义的囑ֱ?
map: 'I:/cn_data/my.map', //Mapfile文g的绝对\径，注意必须使用'/'而不?\'Q用相对\径无法显C地?
format: 'gif' },
{ reproject: false,
'numZoomLevels': 20,
gutter: 15,
buffer: 0 }
);
滚动鼠标滚轮Q地囄h速度保持?.5U以内。MapServerl承了C语言的特点，地图渲染效率很高?br />
写在最?/strong>
MapServer提供两种工作方式QCGI方式Q适用于CGI、AJAX、FLEX开发h员）和MapScript方式Q适用于Php、Java、C#、Python开发h员）。以原生CGI方式效率最高，配合TileCacheQ可以快速生成大范围的地囄片数据。比较基?Net和J2EE的商业或开源^収ͼMapServer更适合高负L(fng)大型互联|地囑ֺ用?br />
]]>
onMapResize,
getMapObjectBoundsFromOLBounds,
setMapObjectCenter,
dragPanMapObject,
getMapObjectLonLatFromMapObjectPixel,
getMapObjectPixelFromMapObjectLonLat,
getMapObjectZoomFromMapObjectBounds,
getMapObjectLonLatFromLonLat and getMapObjectPixelFromXY.
This means that when calling any of these methods on the prototype, the code needs to be changed to call it on OpenLayers.Layer.Google.v2 instead. You would e.g. have to change
OpenLayers.Layer.Google.prototype.onMapResize.apply(this, arguments);
to
OpenLayers.Layer.Google.v2.onMapResize.apply(this, arguments);
OpenLayers.Control.Panel
#2764: OpenLayers.Control.Panel does not change the active state of controls with a type of OpenLayers.Control.TYPE_BUTTON any more. If you want to retain the old behavior, create your panel with an overridden activateControl method like this:
var panel = new OpenLayers.Control.Panel({ activateControl: function(control) { OpenLayers.Control.Panel.prototype.activateControl.apply(this, arguments); if (control.active && control.type == OpenLayers.Control.TYPE_TOOL) { for (var i=panel.controls.length-1; i>=0; --i) { panel.controls[i].type == OpenLayers.Control.TYPE_BUTTON && panel.controls[i].deactivate(); } } }
});
New Addins
InlineXhtml - adds support for WMS layers with SVG as image format, for SVG enabled browsers.
]]>
Ҏ(gu)应用pȝ架构的不同，代理的实现方式有很多U，包括web服务器内|代理（如ApacheQ、cgi方式代理、php代理、jsp代理、aspx代理{?br /> openlayers官方提供了一个采用python~写的cgi代理Q推荐在Apache2.2下用?br />
openlayers官方代理安装步骤Q?br /> 1、安装Python2.5Q记住安装\径?br /> 2、将openlayers官方提供的proxy.cgi复制到apache的cgi-bin目录下?br /> 修改W一行Python25的安装\径，注意不要L最前面?受?br /> 修改allowedHosts中的geoserver/mapserver ip:geoserver/mapserver port部分?br /> 3、打开conf目录下的httpd.conf文gQ修改cgi部分Q例如：
<Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options ExecCGI
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .py
保存后重新启动ApacheQ在览器地址栏中填入http://apache ip/cgi-bin/proxy.cgiQ测试代理是否工作正常?br />
以下是proxy.cgi的内容：
#!C:\Python25\python.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib2
import cgi
import sys, os
# Designed to prevent Open Proxy type stuff.
allowedHosts = ['geoserver/mapserver ip:geoserver/mapserver port',
'www.openlayers.org',
'openlayers.org']
method = os.environ["REQUEST_METHOD"]
if method == "POST":
qs = os.environ["QUERY_STRING"]
d = cgi.parse_qs(qs)
if d.has_key("url"):
url = d["url"][0]
else:
url = "http://www.openlayers.org"
else:
fs = cgi.FieldStorage()
url = fs.getvalue('url', "http://www.openlayers.org")
try:
host = url.split("/")[2]
if allowedHosts and not host in allowedHosts:
print "Status: 502 Bad Gateway"
print "Content-Type: text/plain"
print "This proxy does not allow you to access that location (%s)." % (host,)
print os.environ
elif url.startswith("http://") or url.startswith("https://"):
if method == "POST":
length = int(os.environ["CONTENT_LENGTH"])
headers = {"Content-Type": os.environ["CONTENT_TYPE"]}
body = sys.stdin.read(length)
r = urllib2.Request(url, body, headers)
y = urllib2.urlopen(r)
else:
y = urllib2.urlopen(url)
# print content type header
i = y.info()
if i.has_key("Content-Type"):
print "Content-Type: %s" % (i["Content-Type"])
else:
print "Content-Type: text/plain"
print y.read()
y.close()
else:
print "Content-Type: text/plain"
print "Illegal request."
except Exception, E:
print "Status: 500 Unexpected Error"
print "Content-Type: text/plain"
print "Some unexpected error occurred. Error text was:", E
备注Q部|在同一个机器、不同服务器上（相同ipQ不同端口号Q同h跨域讉K。例如地图服务器geoserver在tomcatQ端?080Q应用系l在Apache或IISQ端?0Q，q种情况下只有IE6能够正常讉KQ条件是ip地址加入可信站点列表QIE7、IE8、FF3.6都会止讉K?br />
]]>