�??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#57;&#49;&#26085;&#38889;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#19977;&#21306;&#44;&#22269;&#20869;&#97;&#118;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#19977;&#21306;&#44;&#31934;&#21697;&#22269;&#20135;&#19981;&#21345;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;</title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/category/34633.html</link><description>在一�|�情��q��日子里，谁能说得清是苦是甜，只知道确定了��׃��无反��?/description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 13:07:24 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 13:07:24 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>shell�~�程基础�Q�三�Q?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235311.html</link><dc:creator>sailor</dc:creator><author>sailor</author><pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 08:39:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235311.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/235311.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235311.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/commentRss/235311.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/services/trackbacks/235311.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[三、shell�E�序基础<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell�E�序���是一个包含若�q�行shell或linux命��o的文件�?br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;执行shell�E�序文�g�?�U�方法：<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#chmod +x file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#sh file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#.file<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在编写shell�Ӟ���W�一行一定要指明�pȝ��需要哪�U�shell解释自己shell�E�序<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#!/bin/bash�?!/bin/csh�?!/bin/tcsh<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、变量表辑ּ�<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;格式�Q�test conditions&nbsp;<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;字符串操作符<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;str1 == str2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;str1 != str2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-n str<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -z str<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;整数操作�W?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int1 -eq int2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int1 -ge int2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int1 -le&nbsp; int2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int1 -gt&nbsp;int2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int1 -lt int2<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;文�g操作�W?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-d file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-f file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-r file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-s file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-w file<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-x fiel<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;逻辑操作�W?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;!expr<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expr1 -a expr2<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expr1&nbsp;-o expr2<br />
&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、shell中的�W�号<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1)单引��P��单引��L��字符作�ؓ普通字�W�出�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2)双引��P��由双引号括�v来的字符�Q�除$, \\�Q?, "外，其余字符为普通字�W��?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3)反引��P��<br />
<div style="border-right: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 13px; padding-bottom: 4px; border-left: #cccccc 1px solid; width: 98%; word-break: break-all; padding-top: 4px; border-bottom: #cccccc 1px solid; background-color: #eeeeee"><span style="color: #008080">1</span><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" /><span style="color: #000000">$today</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #000000">`date`<br />
</span><span style="color: #008080">2</span><span style="color: #000000"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" />$echo&nbsp;Today&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000ff">is</span><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;$today<br />
</span><span style="color: #008080">3</span><span style="color: #000000"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" /><br />
</span><span style="color: #008080">4</span><span style="color: #000000"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" />Today&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000ff">is</span><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;Mon&nbsp;Apr&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000">15</span><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000">16</span><span style="color: #000000">:</span><span style="color: #000000">20</span><span style="color: #000000">:</span><span style="color: #000000">13</span><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;CST&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000">2008</span><span style="color: #000000"><br />
</span><span style="color: #008080">5</span><span style="color: #000000"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" />$</span></div>
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4)注释�W�：#<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5)通配�W�：通配�W�用于模式匹配，如文件名匚w���Q��\径名匚w���Q�字�W�串查找�{��?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: 宋体">匚w��文�g名中��M��字符�Ԍ��包括�I�格�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: 宋体">匚w��文�g名中的�Q何单个字�W?/span></p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [...]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: 宋体">匚w��&#8220;�Q�］&#8221;中所包括的�Q何字�W?/span></p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [!...]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: 宋体">匚w��&#8220;�Q�］&#8221;中非感叹�?#8220;�Q?#8221;之后的字�W?/span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体">&nbsp; 如��E�Q?/span>0<span style="font-family: 宋体">�Q?/span>9<span style="font-family: 宋体">�Q�表�C�非数字开头的字符�?br />
</span></p>
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3、bash介绍<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell是一个命令语�a�解释器。shell是用户和linux内核之间的接口程序。在提示�W�下输入的每个命令都由shell先解释然后传�l�linux内核�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell在用��h��功地登陆�q�入�pȝ��后启动，�q�始�l�作为用户与�pȝ��内核的交互手�D늛�至退出系�l�。系�l�上的每位用户都有一个默认的shell。每个用��L��shell��q���l�中的password文�g指定。该文�g的�\径是/etc/password<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1)、bash命��o概要<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias:&nbsp;讄���alias别名<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bg:&nbsp;是一个被挂�v的进�E�在后台�l�箋�q�行<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd:&nbsp;改变当前目录<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;export�Q���变量的值对当前shell的所有子�q�程都可�?nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fc:&nbsp;用来�~�辑历史命��o列表里的命��o<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fg:&nbsp;使一个被挂机的进�E�在前台�l�箋�q�行<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;help:&nbsp;昄���bash内部命��o的帮助信�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kill:&nbsp;�l�止某个�q�程<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pwd:&nbsp;昄���当前工作目录<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unalias:删除已定义的别名</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2)、bash变量<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;EDITOR、FCEDIT:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bash fc命��o的默认编辑器<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HISTORY�Q?nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用于存储历史命��o文�g<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HISTSIZE�Q?nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 历史命��o列表的大��?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HOME�Q?nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当前用户的用��L���?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OLDPWD�Q?nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 前一个工作目�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PATH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bash��L��可执行文件的搜烦路径<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PS1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 命��o行的一�U�提�C�符<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PS2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 命��o行的二��提示�W?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PWD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当前目录<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SECONDS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当前shell开始后所���逝的�U�数</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3)、输入重定向<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;输入重定向用于改变一个命令的输入源。一些命令需要在命��o行里输入���_��的信息才能工作�?/p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4)、输出重定向<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;输出冲定向��用户能把一个命令的输出重定向到一个文仉����Q�而不是屏�q�上�?/p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5)、管�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;���道可以把一�p�d��命��o�q�接��h���?/p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6)、提�C�符<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bash有两�U�用��h���C�符。第一�U�是�l�常看到的bash在等待命令输入时的提�C�符�?/p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7)、把bash shell的提�C�符改�ؓ指定的字�W�串�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;当bash期待输入更多的信息以完成命��o�Ӟ��昄����W�二�U�提�C�符。默认的�W�二�U�提�C�符�?gt;</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8)、用户化配置bash<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;��Z��保存�q�些用户化配�|�，必须把他们保存到一个bash的初始化文�g里。用戯���把�Q何想每次�q�入bash都执行的命��o攑ֈ�初始化文件徏立。bash的初始化文�g叫做profile。每个��用bash的用户都有一�?profile文�g在他的用��L��录。bash在每�ơ启动时都读取该文�g�Q��ƈ执行所有包含的命��o�?/p>
<p><br />
&nbsp;</p>
<br />
<img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/aggbug/235311.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/" target="_blank">sailor</a> 2008-10-19 16:39 <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235311.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Shell�~�程基础�Q�二�Q?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235216.html</link><dc:creator>sailor</dc:creator><author>sailor</author><pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 2008 13:40:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235216.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/235216.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235216.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/commentRss/235216.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/services/trackbacks/235216.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[二、Shell基本语法<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell�E�序采用$var的�Ş式来引用名�ؓvar的变量的倹{�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shell有以下几�U�基本类型的变量�Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell定义的环境变量；<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用户自定义变量；<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;位置参数�Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;预定义变量；<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;参数�|�换变量�Q?br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1、shell定义的环境变�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shell在开始执行时���已�l�定义了一些和�pȝ��工作环境相关的变量，用户�q�可以重新定义这些变量�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HOME&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用于保存注册目录的完全�\径名�Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PATH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用于保存用冒号分割的目录路径名；<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TERM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�l�端�c�d���Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;UID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当前用户的识别字�Q�它取的是由��C��构成的字�W�串�Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PWD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;当前�l�对路径<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2、用戯���定义变量<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;语法�Q�变量名=变量�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在定义变量时�Q�变量名前不需要加$�Q�在引用变量时则在变量名前加$;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在给变量赋值时�Q�等号两边一定不能留有空��|��若变量本�w�包含有�I�格�Q�则整个字符串加&#8220;&#8221;�Q?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变量名用大写字母表示�Q�变量名由字母和下划�U�组�{�划那个�Q�变量名�W�一个字�W�不能是数字�?br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$SUN=sun<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$echo ${SUN}day<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在应用shell变量�Ӟ��可以在变量名字两�?后面加上{}�Q�以便更清楚地显�C�给shell�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;${variable:-value}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;variable是一个变量��|��value是变量替换��用的默认倹{�?br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;�W�一�U�赋��|��默认赋�?/strong><br />
<br />
<div style="border-right: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 13px; padding-bottom: 4px; border-left: #cccccc 1px solid; width: 98%; word-break: break-all; padding-top: 4px; border-bottom: #cccccc 1px solid; background-color: #eeeeee"><span style="color: #008080">1</span><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" /><span style="color: #000000">$echo&nbsp;Hello&nbsp;$UNAME<br />
</span><span style="color: #008080">2</span><span style="color: #000000"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align="top" /></span></div>
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�l�果昄����Q�Hello<br />
<br />
<div style="border-right: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: #cccccc 1px solid; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 13px; padding-bottom: 4px; border-left: #cccccc 1px solid; width: 98%; word-break: break-all; padding-top: 4px; border-bottom: #cccccc 1px solid; background-color: #eeeeee"><span style="color: #008080">1</span><img id="Codehighlighter1_13_28_Open_Image" onclick="this.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Open_Text.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Closed_Image.style.display='inline'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Closed_Text.style.display='inline';" alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" align="top" /><img id="Codehighlighter1_13_28_Closed_Image" style="display: none" onclick="this.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Closed_Text.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Open_Image.style.display='inline'; Codehighlighter1_13_28_Open_Text.style.display='inline';" alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" align="top" /><span style="color: #000000">$echo&nbsp;Hello&nbsp;$</span><span id="Codehighlighter1_13_28_Closed_Text" style="border-right: #808080 1px solid; border-top: #808080 1px solid; display: none; border-left: #808080 1px solid; border-bottom: #808080 1px solid; background-color: #ffffff"><img alt="" src="http://www.aygfsteel.com/Images/dot.gif" /></span><span id="Codehighlighter1_13_28_Open_Text"><span style="color: #000000">{UNAME:&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000">-</span><span style="color: #000000">Sailor}</span></span></div>
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�l�果昄����Q�Hello Sailor<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>�W�二�U�赋��|��不但使用默认��D��行替换，而且���默认��D��值给该变�?br />
</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;${var:=value}<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo hello ${uname:=sailor}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;昄����l�果�Q�hello sailor<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $uname<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;昄����l�果�Q�sailor<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>�W�三�U�变量赋��|��只有当变量已赋值时才用制定替换形式�Q?/strong><br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;${var:+value}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$ERROPT=a<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$echo ${ERROPT:+'Error tracking is active'}<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;昄����l�果�Q�Error tracking is active<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>�q�可以用错误���查的条�g�q�行变量替换</strong><br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;${var:?message}<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3、位�|�参�?nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;位置参数的数�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;位置参数的内�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;命��o执行后返回的状�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;后台�q�行的最后一个进�E�号<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;当前执行的进�E�名<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;当前�q�程的进�E�号<br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4、参数置换的变量<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变量=${参数-word}�Q�如果设�|�了参数�Q�则用参数的值置换变量的��|��否则用word�|�换�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变量=${参数=word}�Q�如果设�|�了参数�Q�则用参数的值置换变量的��|��否则把变量置换成word�Q�然后再用word替换参数的倹{�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变量=${参数?word}�Q�如果设�|�了参数�Q�则用参数的值置换变量的��|��否则���显�C�word�q�从shell中退出，如果省略了word�Q�就昄���标准信息�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变量=${参数+word}�Q�如果设�|�了参数�Q�就用word�|�换变量�Q�否则不�q�行�|�换�?br />
<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5、位�|�参�?br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;位置参数是一�U�在调用shell�E�序的命令行中按照各自的位置军_��的变量，是在�E�序名之后输入的参数。位�|�参��C��间用�I�格分隔�Q�shell取第一个位�|�参数替换程序文件中�?1�Q�取�W�二个替换S2�Q�然后依�ơ类推�?
<img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/aggbug/235216.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/" target="_blank">sailor</a> 2008-10-18 21:40 <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/235216.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Windows XP下��用VMWare安装Fedora8(F8)及VMWare Tools全过�E�图�?转蝲)</title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/229061.html</link><dc:creator>sailor</dc:creator><author>sailor</author><pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2008 14:55:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/229061.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/229061.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/articles/229061.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/comments/commentRss/229061.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/sailor/services/trackbacks/229061.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<h2>Windows XP下��用VMWare安装Fedora8(F8)及VMWare Tools全过�E�图�?/h2>
<div   id="wmqeeuq"   class="t_msgfont" id="postmessage_406969">一.VMWare下Fedora Core 8(FC8)<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%B0%B2%D7%B0">安装</span>�q�程完整图解.<br />
首先准备Fedora8 32位ISO镜像安装<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%CE%C4%BC%FE">文�g</span>(DVD或CD版均�?我采用的DVD版本),另外当然要有VMWare�?我采用的是VMWare Workstation 6.02 build-59824.废话���说,看图�?<br />
1.VMWare菜单&#8221;File&#8221;-&#8221;New&#8221;-&#8221;Virtual Machine&#8221;,下一�?选择&#8221;Custom&#8221;,自定�?下一�?br />
<img height="345" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_39D1437B01F41CC3278CC3BB339F0E9E.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
<br />
2.选择<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D0%E9%C4%E2%BB%FA">虚拟�?/span>的版�?br />
<img height="345" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_84DE7D4885B6B449FF03062EAB13D206.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
3.选linux,other linux 2.6.x kernel,别选错�?4位版�?br />
<img height="345" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_FBF4F1178850A9A07445DA52673F5D91.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
4.虚拟机名�?虚拟机文件存放�\�?<br />
<img height="345" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_60D7FC3F3DFD977659632B4028C162EA.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
5.处理器个�?我双核的,所以选了2�?当然选一个也可以.<br />
<img height="341" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_B8A52113A35B7F59FAF49508F25E81B0.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
6.物理<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C4%DA%B4%E6">内存</span>使用限制,�?G<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C4%DA%B4%E6">内存</span>,所以设定了900M左右,可根据个人情�?自己军_��.<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%BD%A8%D2%E9">�����</span><span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C9%E8%D6%C3">讄���</span>大点,不然FC8安装�q�程可能比较�?<br />
<img height="338" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_D6E823EC9366E72C7D1DA64C8CFF0F9C.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
7.虚拟机和物理��L��的联�|�方�?我选择的第一�?桥接,�W�二个是NAT,�W�三个host-only,具体选择�Ҏ��<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%CD%F8%C2%E7">�|�络</span>环境和个人喜�?<br />
<img height="342" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_91B88C9A41D0A6D618715EB63DA1CB80.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
8.选择虚拟<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D3%B2%C5%CC">���盘</span>的接口类�?SCSI-LSI<br />
<img height="341" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_3EC8D0ED27A1F328E66F943839F78A74.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
9.创徏一个新的虚拟硬�?<br />
<img height="339" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_D901ED2AEB476E29E4019EAE123278FD.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
10.讄������盘大小,�����6G以上.两个复选框,,�W�一个是立即分配���盘�I�间,�����不�?(���是说立��x��你硬盘上�?G�I�间划分出来,如果不�?则随着数据的写入慢慢增�?,�W�二个是针对非NTFS格式�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%B7%D6%C7%F8">分区</span>,把文件划分�ؓ2G一�?�Ҏ��个�h情况.<br />
<img height="340" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_C42CD3CE0F0E4A4C5F11D6D24D52EA68.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
11.虚拟���盘文�g�?完成创徏.<br />
<img height="340" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_3AE34C8CF741F601C83BB4833D5AF42B.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
12.右键点击虚拟机名�U?&#8221;Setting&#8221;,载入安装文�gISO镜像.&#8221;CD-ROM&#8221;&#8211;&#8221;Use ISO Image&#8221;,选择好�\�?<br />
<img height="345" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150169/b_56414E1A9D6F699CD54BA423DD230189.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
13.启动虚拟�?选择�W�一��?安装.<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_0944CA4DBD1D39C05649464078F72F80.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
14.����?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%B9%E2%C5%CC">光盘</span>文�g完整�?�����SKIP忽略.<br />
<img height="221" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_328FAEDBE153C12153C75AC2E0889E84.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
15.<br />
<img height="299" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_B6AC949A17D2BB1E86E0F82508E7A976.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
16.����?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D6%D0%CE%C4">中文</span><br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_728626F692C783CA436D21D8C6A56E5D.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
17.���式键盘<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_65FA39F57ADF84A1AC869F952093F6B7.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
18.提示���盘需要格式化,�?br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_C1216B834AFD38673FD2E51F5853A829.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
19.默认卛_��,如果需要自�׃��改分区大��?��N�?#8221;���验和修改分区�Ҏ��&#8221;<br />
<img height="301" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_F4322CE4A8ACA28CBF5F22C53EC9BA8D.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
20.提示会重建分�?�?<br />
<img height="299" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_2D0391C978FE5EB7874C84AE1BCBA905.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
21.联网方式,自己�Ҏ��情况讄���,也可以安装完后再讄���.<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_BF2552EFC1DC9B59A5883E6CE7BB6A44.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
22.选择时区,用鼠标点地图上中国上���L��位置卛_��.<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_479FDA2CA8956D57D44C8C86DA41883F.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
23.讄���<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=root">root</span>用户<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C3%DC%C2%EB">密码</span><br />
<img height="298" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_E00422080DF245E4F316E114D412B7E8.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
24.讄���需要安装的<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C8%ED%BC%FE">软�g</span>�?�����选择&#8221;现在定制&#8221;<br />
<img height="299" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_D015993657D4D9D89BD1E370588BC1FB.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
25.&#8221;开�?#8221;�cȝ��&#8221;开发工�?#8221;�?#8221;开发库&#8221;选择�?不然可能无法安装VMWare Tools,(牉|��到编译器和kernel与开发源�?<br />
<img height="299" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_2FFDCC12C482DA77836423F83505D146.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
26.����?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C8%ED%BC%FE%B0%FC">软�g�?/span>依赖关系<br />
<img height="298" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_A0F83E6F4A0362754C54BFB16D6F3389.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
27.开始安�?br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_42933035D0799BD3443C60A2F373CDB9.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
28.分区,格式�?br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_51A21D97264ACF849DCCE81B6CDA2889.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
29.安装软�g�?br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_6E83682DC8D24A7840A99EAF611CE3FE.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
30.安装完成,重新引导.<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_DA0D12CDCD517F20196F0ADBC409A9BD.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
31.需要进行几个设�|?br />
<img height="302" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_D8B5B51EE72C36A111407B2D863DF556.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
32.许可协议<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_982D163578FE2FA679EA6BF2AEA5E2AE.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
33.防火�?br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_CC38D4A5D117BC09BCBC2A2F9FA36A53.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
34.安全防�M,和上面的防火墙功能根据个人情况设�|?可以�q?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%CF%B5%CD%B3">�pȝ��</span>更改<br />
<img height="304" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_4953BB74B738B50A4A8514F95C5F90A5.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
35.旉���日期讄���<br />
<img height="299" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_1ED3F5B40951775F78E116005316D13F.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
36.默认<br />
<img height="301" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_09B348414DA5687CCA557D12A19810C5.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
37.是否���认不发�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C5%E4%D6%C3">配置</span>文�g.<br />
<img height="298" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_6C9F91F84C31F3BB7D93841F564D2A7F.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
38.创徏日常使用用户<br />
<img height="301" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_3B9A51B41C978ACB33FEDAA8FB0C5511.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
39.安装完毕,��d��.<br />
<img height="300" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_8D148FF2EB232524BF09DF8F00591142.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
�?VMWare Tools的安�?br />
1.启动Fedora8,以root用户��d��,VMWare菜单&#8221;VM&#8221;&#8211;&#8221;Install VMWare Tools&#8221;,会弹出窗�?里面有两个文�?一个是<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=rpm">rpm</span>�?一个是tar.gz压羃�?然后copy到tmp目录,解压,�q�入目录,看到如下图所�C?<br />
<img height="121" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_85D1F772B6E0F09ACC71787E74F003DB.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
2.双击VMWare-install.pl<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D4%CB%D0%D0">�q�行</span>,在弹出的提示�H�口选择&#8221;�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D6%D5%B6%CB">�l�端</span>�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%D4%CB%D0%D0">�q�行</span>&#8221;,然后按照默认的提�C�Z��路回车就可以,直到出现一个提�C�是&#8221;no&#8221;的选择��?其他都是路径和yes),输入yes回�R卛_��,然后��׃��出现选择分��L率的选项,�Ҏ��自己的显�C�器最佛_��辨率�q�行选择,我选的7 1280*1024,然后���安装完毕了,reboot�pȝ��,大功告成.<br />
<img height="130" alt="" src="http://photo9.hexun.com/p/2007/1129/150170/b_C50024096EAB37B56BF2DF2B8E568D8D.jpg" width="400" border="0" /><br />
看下安装好后用PrtSc键抓下来的全屏图�?<br />
<img alt="" src="http://www.popob.cn/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/fedora8.thumbnail.jpg" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" border="0" /><br />
后记:<br />
1.双核CPU,如果讑֮�采用两个CPU,会加大CPU的负�?只适用一个的�?会降低CPU的���?<br />
2.选IDE���盘�q�是SCSI���盘的问�?早在FC5,FC6时代,如果选SCSI���盘,安装时很多�h会提�C�找不到���盘,IDE则没有问�?而昨天测试FC8会自动加载SCSI�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C7%FD%B6%AF">驱动</span>,不想以前的版�?需要手动操�?反正我选了SCSI,安装��利.<br />
3.SCSI���盘选bus�q�是lsi的问�?�|�上的说法是bus�E�_��,lsi�?具体自己琢磨.实际上在IDE���盘上虚�?差别不大.<br />
4.安装时��Y件包的选择问题.FC8的安装包选择和以前版本有些变�?软�g包选择不够�l�致,�����选上开发工具和开发库,免去不能安装VMWare Tools的痛�?以前版本安装��h��都不太顺�?关键是kernel和kernel-devel版本号不一�?�~�译时无法通过.��Z��么不一致呢?���是安装时没有安装源码包,�|�上���行的办法是通过<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=yum">yum</span>来更��C���?实际�?只需要安装光盘里的rpm包就可以�?安装光盘里的版本是一致的,方便快捷而且不需要联�|�更�?<br />
5.安装VMWare Tools�?<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%B3%CC%D0%F2">�E�序</span>会自动在CD-ROM上挂载镜�?直接copy,解压,安装卛_��,别用那么�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%C3%FC%C1%EE">命��o</span>�?�ȝ��.装完后在CD-ROM上弹出就可以�?<br />
6.安装后如果启动时出现不能挂蝲hgfs(虚拟�?span class="t_tag" onclick="tagshow(event)" href="tag.php?name=%B2%D9%D7%F7%CF%B5%CD%B3">操作�pȝ��</span>和物理主机共享文�?的错�?只需要在菜单&#8221;VM&#8221;&#8211;&#8221;Setting&#8221;&#8211;&#8221;Option&#8221;选项�?扑ֈ�&#8221;Shared Folders&#8221;,Enable卛_��.</div>
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