mvc 架構

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          posted on 2007-11-06 11:19 e全 閱讀(179) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏

          ?主要涉及df、du、ls等命令

          ??? df統計文件系統的使用情況。

          ??? 英文說明:

          ??? This manual page documents the GNU version of df. df displays theamount of disk space available on the filesystem containing each filename argument. If no file name is given , the space available on alcurrently mounted filesystems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocksby default, unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT

          ??? is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.

          ??? If an argument is the absolute file name of a disk device node containinga mounted filesystem, df shows the space available on that filesystemrather than on the filesystem containing the device node(which is alwaysthe root filesystem )。 This version of df cannot show the space availableon unmounted filesystems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requiresvery nonportable intimate knowledge of filesystem structures.

          ??? 要點如下:

          ??? 如果不加參數,顯示現在加載的文件系統。默認單位1K-blocks.如果設置了POSIXLY_CORRECT ,則以512-byte blocks 為單位。該命令針對文件系統,而不是目錄,盡管的給的參數可以是目錄。

          ??? 主要參數:

          ??? 空顯示現在加載的文件系統,不包含0 塊空間

          ??? -a包含0 塊空間

          ??? -h 易讀方式

          ??? -k kB為單位

          ??? -l 本地

          ??? -T 顯示文件系統類型

          ??? ——sync返回結果前調用sync命令(有什么用呢?)

          ??? 實例:

          ??? [root@Mother_FLASH ~]# df

          ??? Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

          ??? /dev/md0 28826556 1507948 25854292 6% /usr

          ??? /dev/md1 19220436 9153312 9090780 51% /var

          ??? /dev/ram1 158667 85032 73635 54% /

          ??? /dev/shm 1037388 0 1037388 0% /dev/shm

          ??? [root@Mother_FLASH ~]# df -ah

          ??? Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

          ??? /dev/md0 28G 1.5G 25G 6% /usr

          ??? /dev/md1 19G 8.8G 8.7G 51% /var

          ??? /dev/ram1 155M 84M 72M 54% /

          ??? /dev/proc 0 0 0 - /proc

          ??? /dev/sys 0 0 0 - /sys

          ??? /dev/devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts

          ??? /dev/shm 1014M 0 1014M 0% /dev/shm

          ??? none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

          ??? 詳細的參考:

          ??? -a,——all

          ??? include filesystems having 0 blocks

          ??? -B,——block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks

          ??? -h,——human-readable

          ??? print sizes in human readable format(e.g., 1K 234M 2G )

          ??? -H,——si

          ??? likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

          ??? -i,——inodes

          ??? list inode information instead of block usage

          ??? -k like ——block-size=1K

          ??? -l,——local

          ??? limit listing to local filesystems

          ??? ——no-sync

          ??? do not invoke sync before getting usage info(default )

          ??? -P,——portability

          ??? use the POSIX output format

          ??? ——sync invoke sync before getting usage info

          ??? -t,——type=TYPE

          ??? limit listing to filesystems of type TYPE

          ??? -T,——print-type

          ??? print filesystem type

          ??? -x,——exclude-type=TYPE

          ??? limit listing to filesystems not of type TYPE

          ??? -v(ignored )

          ??? ——help display this help and exit

          ??? ——version

          ??? output version information and exit

          ??? SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by ) one of
          following : kB 1000, K 1024 , MB 1000*1000 , M

          ??? 1024*1024 , and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

          ??? df統計每一目錄的使用情況。

          ??? 主要參數:

          ??? 空顯示現在加載的文件系統,不包含0 塊空間

          ??? -a統計所有目錄和文件,包含隱藏的

          ??? -s 只產生一個統計信息

          ??? -k kB為單位

          ??? -h 易讀方式

          ??? -L 不計算符號連接

          ??? -M 以M 為單位。

          ??? 詳細參考

          ??? -a,——all

          ??? write counts for all files, not just directories

          ??? ——apparent-size

          ??? print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage ; although the apparentsize is usually smaller , it may be

          ??? larger due to holes in(a €?sparsea €?) files, internal fragmentation,indirect blocks , and the like

          ??? -B,——block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks

          ??? -b,——bytes

          ??? equivalent to a €?——apparent-size ——block-size=1a €?

          ??? -c,——total

          ??? produce a grand total

          ??? -D,——dereference-args

          ??? dereference FILEs that are symbolic links

          ??? -H like ——si, but also evokes a warning; will soon change to beequivalent to ——dereference-args(-D)

          ??? -h,——human-readable

          ??? print sizes in human readable format(e.g., 1K 234M 2G )

          ??? ——si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

          ??? -k like ——block-size=1K

          ??? -l,——count-links

          ??? count sizes many times if hard linked

          ??? -L,——dereference

          ??? dereference all symbolic links

          ??? -P,——no-dereference

          ??? dona€?t follow any symbolic links (this is the default )

          ??? -0,——null

          ??? end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline

          ??? -S,——separate-dirs

          ??? do not include size of subdirectories

          ??? -s,——summarize

          ??? display only a total for each argument

          ??? -x,——one-file-system

          ??? skip directories on different filesystems

          ??? -X FILE ,——exclude-from=FILE

          ??? Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE.

          ??? ——exclude=PATTERN Exclude files that match PATTERN.

          ??? ——max-depth=N

          ??? print the total for a directory (or file , with ——all ) onlyif it is N or fewer levels below the command line

          ??? argument;——max-depth=0 is the same as——summarize

          ??? ——help display this help and exit

          ??? ——version

          ??? output version information and exit

          ??? ls–lh可以看出當前目錄文件的大小(不含目錄),比如下面的的322M.

          ??? [root@LS-SVR-18 ~]# ls -lh

          ??? total 322M

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 312M Aug 1 23:35 10.50.86.18.tar.z

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 1.3K Aug 1 17:41 anaconda-ks.cfg

          ??? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Aug 1 21:44 Desktop

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 62K Aug 1 17 :41 install.log

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 5.2K Aug 1 17:41 install.log.syslog

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 8.9M Sep 28 15 :29 Install_MSN_Messenger_zhcn.EXE

          ??? -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9.2K Aug 16 11 :20 m64

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 1.1K Aug 16 11 :20 m64.c

          ??? -rw-r ——r —— 1 root root 1.1K Aug 8 04:33 m64.o

          ??? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 9 15:45 MCA

          ??? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 9 15:41 MGM

          ??? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 9 15:45 MYSQL

          ??? -rw —— 1 root root 95 Sep 5 10:34 nohup.out

          ??? 使用du -sSh 也是同樣的結果

          ??? [root@LS-SVR-18 ~]# du -sSh

          ??? 322M

          ??? 使用du -sh則包含了子目錄的內容

          ??? [root@LS-SVR-18 ~]# du -sh

          ??? 451M .

          ??? 查看每個文件和目錄的大小

          ??? [root@LS-SVR-18 ~]# du -sh *

          ??? 313M 10.50.86.18.tar.z

          ??? 8.0K anaconda-ks.cfg

          ??? 8.0K Desktop

          ??? 72K install.log

          ??? 12K install.log.syslog

          ??? 8.9M Install_MSN_Messenger_zhcn.EXE

          ??? 16K m64

          ??? 8.0K m64.c

          ??? 8.0K m64.o

          ??? 476K MCA

          ??? 65M MGM

          ??? 65M MYSQL

          ??? 8.0K nohup.out



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