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          CentOS安裝mysql

          CentOS安裝mysql
          原文地址 http://www.centospub.com/make/mysql.html

          安裝MySQL。

          [root@sample ~]# yum -y install mysql-server  ← 安裝MySQL
          [root@sample ~]# yum -y install php-mysql  ← 安裝php-mysql

          配置MySQL

          [root@sample ~]#gedit /etc/my.cnf  ← 編輯MySQL的配置文件

          [mysqld]
          datadir=/var/lib/mysql
          socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
          # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
          # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
          old_passwords=1  ← 找到這一行,在這一行的下面添加新的規(guī)則,讓MySQL的默認(rèn)編碼為UTF-8
          default-character-set = utf8  ← 添加這一行

          然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下語(yǔ)句:

          [mysql]
          default-character-set = utf8
           

          啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)

          [root@sample ~]# chkconfig mysqld on  ← 設(shè)置MySQL服務(wù)隨系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)自啟動(dòng)

          [root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld  ← 確認(rèn)MySQL自啟動(dòng) 
          mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off  ← 如果2--5為on的狀態(tài)就OK

          [root@sample ~]#
          /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start  ← 啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)

          Initializing MySQL database:         [ OK ]
          Starting MySQL:              [ OK ]
          MySQL初始環(huán)境設(shè)定

          [1]為MySQL的root用戶設(shè)置密碼

          MySQL在剛剛被安裝的時(shí)候,它的root用戶是沒(méi)有被設(shè)置密碼的。首先來(lái)設(shè)置MySQL的root密碼。

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root  ← 用root用戶登錄MySQL服務(wù)器


          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
          Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用戶信息
          +------+------------------------------+---------------+
          | user | host          | password |
          +------+------------------------------+---------------+
          | root | localhost        |       |  ← root密碼為空 
          | root | sample.centospub.com  |       |  ← root密碼為空
          |   | sample.centospub.com |       |
          |   | localhost       |       |
          |root | %                                 |XXX      |
          |   |                            |       |
          +------+------------------------------+---------------+

          4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

          mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('在這里填入root密碼');  ← 設(shè)置root密碼
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password('在這里填入root密碼');  ← 設(shè)置root密碼
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          只有設(shè)置了這個(gè)才可以,才可以通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)安裝網(wǎng)址

          mysql> set password for root@'xxx'=password('xxx');  ← 設(shè)置root密碼
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用戶信息
          +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
          | user | host          | password     |
          +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
          | root | localhost        | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密碼被設(shè)置
          | root | sample.centospub.com   | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密碼被設(shè)置
          |    | sample.centospub.com   |          |
          |    | localhost        |          |
          +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
          4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

          mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服務(wù)器
          Bye

          然后,測(cè)試一下root密碼有沒(méi)有生效。

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root ← 通過(guò)空密碼用root登錄

          ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)  ← 出現(xiàn)此錯(cuò)誤信息說(shuō)明密碼設(shè)置成功

          [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com  ← 通過(guò)空密碼用root登錄

          ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)  ← 出現(xiàn)此錯(cuò)誤信息說(shuō)明密碼設(shè)置成功

          [root@sample ~]#
          mysql -u root -p ← 通過(guò)密碼用root登錄
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼


          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.  ← 確認(rèn)用密碼能夠成功登錄
          Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> exit
          Bye

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com -p  ← 通過(guò)密碼用root登錄
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼

          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.  ← 確認(rèn)用密碼能夠成功登錄
          Your MySQL connection id is 6 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服務(wù)器
          Bye


          [2] 刪除匿名用戶

          在MySQL剛剛被安裝后,存在用戶名、密碼為空的用戶。這使得數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器有無(wú)需密碼被登錄的可能性。為消除隱患,將匿名用戶刪除。

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通過(guò)密碼用root登錄
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼

          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
          Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用戶信息
          +------+----------------------------+
          | user | host         |
          +------+----------------------------+
          |   | localhost       |
          | root | localhost       |
          |   | sample.centospub.com |
          | root | sample.centospub.com  |
          +------+----------------------------+
          4 rows in set (0.02 sec)

          mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';  ← 刪除匿名用戶
          Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.17 sec)

          mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用戶信息
          +------+----------------------------+
          | user | host         |
          +------+----------------------------+
          | root | localhost      |
          | root | sample.centospub.com |
          +------+----------------------------+
          2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

          mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服務(wù)器
          Bye

          好了,下面都不是必須的了!
          測(cè)試MySQL


          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通過(guò)密碼用root登錄
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼

          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
          Your MySQL connection id is 9 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to centospub@localhost identified by '在這里定義密碼';  ← 建立對(duì)test數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)有完全操作權(quán)限的名為centospub的用戶
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

          mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub';  ← 確認(rèn)centospub用戶的存在與否
          +---------+
          | user  |
          +---------+
          | centospub |  ← 確認(rèn)centospub已經(jīng)被建立
          +---------+
          1 row in set (0.01 sec)

          mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服務(wù)器
          Bye

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u centospub -p  ← 用新建立的centospub用戶登錄MySQL服務(wù)器
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼

          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
          Your MySQL connection id is 10 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> create database test;  ← 建立名為test的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
          Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

          mysql> show databases;  ← 查看系統(tǒng)已存在的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
          +-------------+
          | Database |
          +-------------+
          | test    |
          +-------------+
          1 row in set (0.00 sec)

          mysql> use test  ← 連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
          Database changed

          mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50));  ← 在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中建立表
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

          mysql> show tables;  ← 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中已存在的表
          +-------------------+
          | Tables_in_test |
          +-------------------+
          | test     |
          +-------------------+
          1 row in set (0.01 sec)

          mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello World!');  ← 插入一個(gè)值到表中
          Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

          mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的表的信息
          +------+-------------------+
          | num | name      |
          +------+-------------------+
          | 1   | Hello World!  |
          +------+-------------------+
          1 row in set (0.00 sec)

          mysql> update test set name='Hello Everyone!';  ← 更新表的信息,賦予新的值
          Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
          Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

          mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的表的信息
          +------+----------------------+
          | num | name      |
          +------+----------------------+
          | 1   | Hello Everyone! |  ← 確認(rèn)被更新到新的值
          +------+----------------------+
          1 row in set (0.01 sec)

          mysql> delete from test where num=1;  ← 刪除表內(nèi)的值
          Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

          mysql> select * from test;  ← 確認(rèn)刪除結(jié)果
          Empty set (0.01 sec)

          mysql> drop table test;  ← 刪除表
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> show tables;  ← 查看表信息
          Empty set (0.00 sec)  ← 確認(rèn)表已被刪除

          mysql> drop database test;  ← 刪除名為test的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> show databases;  ← 查看已存在的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
          Empty set (0.01 sec)  ← 確認(rèn)test數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已被刪除(這里非root用戶的關(guān)系,看不到名為mysql的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))

          mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服務(wù)器
          Bye

          然后,刪除測(cè)試用過(guò)的遺留用戶。

          [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通過(guò)密碼用root登錄
          Enter password:  ← 在這里輸入密碼

          Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
          Your MySQL connection id is 12 to server version: 4.1.20

          Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

          mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from centospub@localhost;  ← 取消centospub用戶對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作權(quán)限
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

          mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='centospub' and host='localhost';  ← 刪除centospub用戶
          Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub';  ← 查找用戶centospub,確認(rèn)已刪除與否
          Empty set (0.01 sec)  ← 確認(rèn)centospub用戶已不存在

          mysql> flush privileges;  ← 刷新,使以上操作生效
          Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

          mysql> exit
          Bye



          [root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart  ← 重新啟動(dòng)HTTP服務(wù)
          Stopping httpd:             [ OK ]
          Starting httpd:             [ OK ]


          xxx is not in the sudoers file解決方法

          用sudo時(shí)提示"xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.其中XXX是你的用戶名,也就是你的用戶名沒(méi)有權(quán)限使用sudo,我們只要修改一下/etc/sudoers文件就行了。下面是修改方法:

           

          1)進(jìn)入超級(jí)用戶模式。也就是輸入"su -",系統(tǒng)會(huì)讓你輸入超級(jí)用戶密碼,輸入密碼后就進(jìn)入了超級(jí)用戶模式。(當(dāng)然,你也可以直接用root用) 
          2)添加文件的寫(xiě)權(quán)限。也就是輸入命令"chmod u+w /etc/sudoers"。 
          3)編輯/etc/sudoers文件。也就是輸入命令"vim /etc/sudoers",輸入"i"進(jìn)入編輯模式,找到這一 行:"root ALL=(ALL) ALL"在起下面添加"xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL"(這里的xxx是你的用戶名),然后保存(就是先按一 下Esc鍵,然后輸入":wq")退出。 
          4)撤銷(xiāo)文件的寫(xiě)權(quán)限。也就是輸入命令"chmod u-w /etc/sudoers"。 

          1、添加用戶,首先用adduser命令添加一個(gè)普通用戶,命令如下:
          #adduser junguoguo//添加一個(gè)名為junguoguo的用戶
          #passwd junguoguo //修改密碼
          Changing password for user junguoguo.
          New UNIX password: //在這里輸入新密碼
          Retype new UNIX password: //再次輸入新密碼
          passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

          2、賦予root權(quán)限
          方法一: 修改 /etc/sudoers 文件,找到下面一行,把前面的注釋?zhuān)?)去掉
          ## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
          %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
          然后修改用戶,使其屬于root組(wheel),命令如下:
          #usermod -g root junguoguo
          修改完畢,現(xiàn)在可以用junguoguo帳號(hào)登錄,然后用命令 su – ,即可獲得root權(quán)限進(jìn)行操作。

          方法二: 修改 /etc/sudoers 文件,找到下面一行,在root下面添加一行,如下所示:
          ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
          root ALL=(ALL) ALL
          junguoguo ALL=(ALL) ALL
          修改完畢,現(xiàn)在可以用junguoguo帳號(hào)登錄,然后用命令 su – ,即可獲得root權(quán)限進(jìn)行操作。

          方法三: 修改 /etc/passwd 文件,找到如下行,把用戶ID修改為 0 ,如下所示:
          junguoguo:x:500:500:junguoguo:/home/junguoguo:/bin/bash
          修改后如下
          junguoguo:x:0:500:junguoguo:/home/junguoguo:/bin/bash
          保存,用junguoguo賬戶登錄后,直接獲取的就是root帳號(hào)的權(quán)限。

          posted on 2012-05-24 13:29 順其自然EVO 閱讀(1960) 評(píng)論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類(lèi): linux

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