因?yàn)檫@篇文章很有價(jià)值，掌握后確實(shí)可以從linux的初學(xué)者變成linux好手，掌握了它就等于完全入了linux的門(mén)，不愧是本年度學(xué)習(xí)linux命令的最佳帖子。
所以請(qǐng)版本最好把它鎖定一個(gè)靠前的位置，以便讓更多的人可以看到這篇文章，讓更多的人從初學(xué)者變成好手。

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如下是linux最常用的命令及用途,當(dāng)全部掌握以后,就沒(méi)人敢說(shuō)你不會(huì)linux。
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如果這篇文章加快了你成為linux高手的腳步，促使你創(chuàng)建一間linux公司，奮斗后戰(zhàn)勝了redhat, 最終擊敗了微軟,那時(shí)你再...

basic command

ls:
ls
ls –a “顯示隱藏文件”
ls –l “顯示文件屬性，包括大小，日期，符號(hào)連接，是否可讀寫(xiě)及是否可執(zhí)行”
ls --color=never *.so > obj “不顯示文字顏色,將所有so文件記錄到obj文件中”

cd:
cd
cd /
cd ../ “到上一級(jí)目錄”
cd ../.. “到上二級(jí)目錄”
cd ~ “goto user directory”
rm:
rm
rm -fr directory “delete the directory without ask”
cp:
cp source target
cp –av soure_dir target_dir “將整個(gè)目錄復(fù)制，兩目錄完全一樣”
cp –fr source_dir target_dir “將整個(gè)目錄復(fù)制，并且是以非鏈接方式復(fù)制，當(dāng)source目錄帶有符號(hào)鏈接時(shí)，兩個(gè)目錄不相同”


mv:
mv source target

diff:
diff dir1 dir2 “compare dir1 and dir2, if files in dir1 but not in dir2, it will be list”
diff file1 file2 “compare file1 and file2,if any difference, he will tell you”

comm:
comm file1 file2 “compare file and file2, if any difference, the difference will be list”

echo:
echo message “display some characters in the console”
cat:
cat file “display the file’s content in the console”

export:
export LC_ALL= “define variable LC_ALL is NULL”
export DISPLAY=0:0 “define variable DISPLAY is 0:0”
date:
date “l(fā)ist the time”
find:
find -name path file “find file in the path”
grep:
grep -ir “chars” path “find chars in the path”
vi:
vi file “file edit tools “
lynx:
lynx "text base browser"
man:
man command "help command"
startx:
startx “run GUI system”
reboot:
reboot “reboot computer”
halt:
halt “shutdown computer”
init:
init 0 "shut down all service"
init 1 "restart all service"
init 6 "reboot script"

advance command

tar:
tar xfzv file.tgz “uncompress file.tgz in the current directory”
tar xfzv file.tgz -C target_path “uncompress file.tgz in the appoint directory”
tar cfzv file.tgz source_path “compress appoint file to appoint tar ball”
gzip:
gzip -d source target " compress file"
unzip:
unzip source "un compress file"
dmesg:
dmesg "show kernel booting information"

uname:
uname -R " show kernel version"
more:
ls | more " 分頁(yè)顯示 information"

strings:
strings file "list file chars"
less:
less “l(fā)ist file chars,分頁(yè)顯示”

rpm:
rpm -i program.rpm "install program"

rpm2targz:

rpm2targz program.rpm program.tgz " reforamt rmp to tar ball"
su:
su root " su user to root"
suloin:
sulogin /dev/tty4 "waiting login in tty4"
chmod:
chmod a+x file " let file can be excute"
chmod 666 file " let file can be write "

mknod:
mknod /dev/hda1 b 3 1 " make a block device "
mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1 " make a chare device "

touch:
touch /tmp/running " touch a file "
sleep:
sleep 9 " console sleep 9 seconds"

lpd:
lpd stop
lpd start
lpd restart "restart printer service"

lpr:
lpr file.txt "print a file ot printer"

zhprint:
zhpinrt -gb file.txt "print a chinese file to printer"



disk command

fdisk
fdisk /dev/hda "creat or delete disk partition"
cfdisk
cfdisk /dev/hda "creat or delete disk partition"
mount:
mount -t ext2 /dev/hda1 /mnt “把/dev/hda1裝載到 /mnt目錄”
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount-t smb //192.168.1.5/sharedir /mnt -o username=id,password=id
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.1:/sharedir /mnt
umount:
umount /mnt “umount /mnt directory”
umount /dev/hda1 “umount device /dev/hda1”

sync:
sync "write all cache into disk"
e2fsck:
e2fsck /dev/hda1 "check disk"
e2fsck -p "check and automatic repair disk"
e2fsck -y "check and Assume "yes" to all questions"
e2fsck -c "Check disk bad blocks"
mkfs:
mkfs /dev/hda1 "format pratitionk"

mkswap:
mfks /dev/hda9 "format a swap partition"
swapon:
swapon /dev/hda9 "use a swap partition"
swapoff:
swapoff /dev/hda9 " close a swap partion"
lilo:
lilo "/etc/lilo.config is needed"
lilo -C lilo.conf
"configure disk boot loader"
rdev:
rdev bzImage "show root file system"
rdev bzImage /dev/hda1 "define /dev/hda1 as root file system"
df:
df "show mounted partition use information"
dd:
dd if=root.ram of=/dev/ram0
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=root.ram
dd if=/dev/zero of=root.ram bs=1024,count=1024
who:
who "show logined user"
whoami:
whoami "show who am I"
whereis:
whereis command "show where is the command"

programer command

gcc:
gcc hello.c “compile hello.c,default is a dynamic program”
gcc hello.c -o hello “compile hello.c and out put file as hello”
gcc -static -o hello hello.c “compile a static program”


strace:
strace netscape "trace and list all open/write file by netscape program"
ps:
ps
ps –ef "show running program pid"

kill:
kill -9 500 "kill PID 500"

killall:
killall -9 netscape "kill program netscape"

top:
top "show system cpu and memory use information"

free:
free "show free memory"
time:
time program "calculate program run time"




configure command

ifconfig:
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 “define first Ethernet’s IP is 192.168.1.1”
ifconfig down eth1 “disable seconde Ethernet”
hostname:
hostname -F id.com “define hostname is id.com”
route:
route del default “delete default router”
route add default gw 192.168.1.1 metric 1 “add 192.168.1.1 as a default route”
adduser:
adduser id "add a new user"
userdel:
userdel id "delete user id"
userlist:
userlist "list logined user"

passwd:
passwd id "change id's login password"
passwd -d id "delete id's login password"
chown:
chown id /work "let the /work to be id's directory"

probe:
probe rtl8139 "veriry driver"
lsmod:
lsmod "list already install driver"
insmod:
insmod rtl8139.o "install a driver"
insmod sb.o io=0x280 irq=7 dma=3 dma16=7 mpu_io=330
rmmod:
rmmod rtl8139 "delete a driver from system"
gpm:
gpm -k "kill mouse"
gpm -t ps2 "run ps2 mouse"
Xconfigure:
Xconfigure "configure X-windows option"
turboservice:
turboservier "configure turbo linux servier"
turboftp:
turboftp "configure turbo linux ftp server"
turbotelnet:
turbotelnet "configure turbo linux telnet server"
turbonetcfg:
turbonetcfg "configure network options"
turboppp:
turboppp "configure ppp dialog options"
turboappchecfg:
turboappchecfg "configure turbo linux appche server"

network command


telnet:
telnet 192.168.1.1
telnet iserver.com
ftp:
ftp 192.168.1.1
ftp iserver.com
dhcp:
dhcp "run dhcp server"
ping:
ping 163.com
ping 202.96.128.68 "check network"