SELECT a.TAXPAYERID TAXPAYERID$0, a.INDEPOTYEAR INDEPOTYEAR$2, SUM(a.TAXFINAL) SUMTAXFINAL$1 FROM F_LVY_LEVYINPUTYEARHISTORYDATA a WHERE substr ( a.TAXPAYERID ,1 , 1 ) 'T' and a.indepotyear='2006' GROUP BY a.TAXPAYERID, a.INDEPOTYEAR having SUM(a.TAXFINAL) >=1000000 W一ơ运行?357条记录，然后接着q行变?359Q此为正数Q，到网上找了下Q没有找到原因， 最后把substr ( a.TAXPAYERID ,1 , 1 ) 'T' 改ؓ a.TAXPAYERID not like 'T%'没有问题Q把上面sql改ؓ
SELECT a.TAXPAYERID TAXPAYERID$0, a.INDEPOTYEAR INDEPOTYEAR$2, SUM(a.TAXFINAL) SUMTAXFINAL$1 FROM F_LVY_LEVYINPUTYEARHISTORYDATA a WHERE a.indepotyear='2006' GROUP BY a.TAXPAYERID, a.INDEPOTYEAR having SUM(a.TAXFINAL) >=1000000 and substr ( a.TAXPAYERID ,1 , 1 ) 'T' ]]>
因此我们在考虑一字段作条件时要考虑它是否可能ؓI的Q有I时最好结?nvl函数使用Q以免把要的记录l漏?......
]]>
单行函数Q?/FONT>
|
单行函数 | |||
| 分类 | 函数 | 功能 | CZ |
| 字符函数 | LPAD(<c1>,<i>[,<c2>]) | 在字W串c1的左Ҏ加字W串c2直到c1字符串的长度{于i?/SPAN> |
SELECT LPAD(‘Hello!?8,?? leftpad,RPAD(‘Hello!?8,?? rightpad FROM DUAL;
|
| RPAD(<c1>,<i>[,<c2>]) | 在字W串c1的右Ҏ加字W串c2直到c1字符串的长度{于i?/SPAN> | ||
| LOWER(<c1>) | 把字W串c1转换为小?/SPAN> | SELECT LOWER(ename) one,UPPER(ename) two, INITCAP(ename) FROM EMP; | |
| UPPER(<c1>) | 把字W串c1转换为大?/SPAN> | ||
| INITCAP(<c1>) | ?/SPAN>c1字符串的每一个单词的W一个字母{换成大写字母 | ||
| LENGTH(<c1>) | q回字符?/SPAN>c1的长?/SPAN> | SELECT LENGTH(‘How are you? FROM DUAL; | |
| SUBSTR(<c1>,<i>[,<j>]) | q回字符?/SPAN>c1中从W?/SPAN>i个位|开始的j个字W（向右Q。如果省?/SPAN>jQ则q回c1中从W?/SPAN>i个位|开始的所有字W。如?/SPAN>jQ则q回字符?/SPAN>c1中从W?/SPAN>i个位|开始的j个字W（向左Q?/SPAN> | SELECT SUBSTR(‘Hello,World?1,5) FROM DUAL; | |
| INSTR(<c1>,<c2>[,<i>[,<j>]]) | ?/SPAN>c1中从位置i开始查?/SPAN>c2?/SPAN>c1中出W?/SPAN>jơ的位置Q?/SPAN>i可以(此时Q从c1的尾部开?/SPAN>)?/SPAN> |
SELECT INSTR(‘Mississippi?’i?3,3) FROM DUAL; q回l果11?/SPAN> SELECT INSTR(‘Mississippi?’i?-2,3) FROM DUAL; q回l果2?/SPAN>
| |
| LTRIM(<c1>,<c2>) | ?/SPAN>c1前面开始去掉出现在c2的中M前导字符集?/SPAN> | SELECT LTRIM(‘Mississippi?’Mis? FROM DUAL; q回l果’ppi’?BR> SELECT RTRIM(‘Mississippi?’ip? FROM DUAL; q回l果’Mississ’?BR> | |
| RTRIM(<c1>,<c2>) | ?/SPAN>c1后面开始去掉出现在c2的中M前导字符集?/SPAN> | ||
| 数学函数 | ABS(<n>) | q回n的绝对?/SPAN> | SELECT ABC(-2),ABS(2) FROM DUAL; |
| ROUND(<n1>,<n2>) | ?/SPAN>n1的小数点后保?/SPAN>n2位（四舍五入Qƈq回。如?/SPAN>n2于Ӟn1舍入到小数点左边?/SPAN> |
SELECT ROUND(12345.678,-2), ROUND(12345.678,2) FROM DUAL; 分别q回l果Q?/SPAN>12300Q?/SPAN>12345.68?/SPAN>
| |
| CEIL(<n>) | ?/SPAN>n 向上取整Qƈq回?/SPAN> |
SELECT CEIL(5.1),CEIL(-21.4) FROM DUAL; 分别q回Q?/SPAN>6, -21?/SPAN>
| |
| FLOOR(<n>) | ?/SPAN>n 向下取整Qƈq回?/SPAN> |
SELECT FLOOR(5.1),FLOOR(-21.4) FROM DUAL; 分别q回Q?/SPAN>5, -22?/SPAN>
| |
| MOD(<n1>,<n2>) | q回n1?/SPAN>n2后的余数?/SPAN> |
SELECT MOD(14,5),MOD(8,25),MOD(-64,7) FROM DUAL; 分别q回l果Q?/SPAN>4Q?/SPAN>0.5Q?/SPAN>-1?/SPAN>
| |
| SIGN(<n>) |
W号函数Q?/SPAN>n>0Q返?/SPAN>1?/SPAN> n<0Q返?/SPAN>-1?/SPAN> n=0Q返?/SPAN>0?/SPAN>
|
SELECT SIGN(-2.3),SIGN(2.3),SIGN(0) FROM DUAL; | |
| SQRT(<n>) | q回n的^Ҏ | SELECT SQRT(9) FROM DUAL; | |
| TRUNC(<n1>,<n2>) | 功能cMROUND函数。但不做四舍五入?/SPAN> |
SELECT TRUNC(123.456,2),TRUNC(123.456,-1) FROM DUAL; 分别q回l果Q?/SPAN>123.45?/SPAN>120?/SPAN>
| |
| VSIZE(n) | q回数字n的存储字?/SPAN> | SELECT VSIZE(123) FROM DUAL; | |
| 日期函数(日期可以q行术q算) | SYSDATE | q回相同日期 | SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL; |
| ADD_MONTHS(<d>,<i>) | q回日期d 加上i个月后的新日?/SPAN>(i正可?/SPAN>)?/SPAN> |
SELECT SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,2), ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-2) FROM DUAL;
| |
| LAST_DAY(<d>) | q回日期d所在的月的最后一天?/SPAN> | SELECT SYSDATE,LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL | |
| MONTHS_BETWEEN(<d1>,<d2>) | q回日期d1?/SPAN>d2大多月数?/SPAN> | SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(?9-Dec-1999??9-Mar-2000?FROM DUAL; | |
| NEW_TIME(<d>,<tz1>,<tz2>) | 时?/SPAN>tz1的时?/SPAN>dQ{换ؓ时区tz2里的旉?/SPAN> | SELECT SYSDATE,NEW_TIME(SYSDATE,’CDT?’PDT? FROM DUAL; | |
| NEXT_DAY(<d>,<dow>) | q回日期d后的W一?/SPAN>dow?/SPAN>(dowQ?/SPAN>day of week) | SELECT NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,’Monday? FROM DUAL; | |
| 常用转换函数 | TO_CHAR(<x>[,<fmt>[,<nlsparm>]]) | ?/SPAN>x转换成字W串。（参数含义LORACLE的联机帮助） | SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’YYYY-MM-DD? FROM DUAL; |
| TO_NUMBER(<c>[,<fmt>[,<nlsparm>]]) | 字W串c转换成数字。（参数含义LORACLE的联机帮助） | SELECT TO_NUMBER(?23? FROM DUAL; | |
|
TO_DATE(<c>[,<fmt>[,<nlsparm>]]) (常见的日期格式请查联机帮助?/SPAN>) |
字W串c转换成日期?/SPAN> | SELECT TO_DATE(?9-Mar-99?’DD-Mon-YYYY? FROM DUAL; | |
| 两个重要函数 |
DECODE(<x>,<m1>,<r1>[,<m2>, <r2?gt;][,<d>]) (DECODE函数功能非常强大Q请仔细玩味?/SPAN>)
|
一个功能非常强大的函数Q它使得SQL非常高效。它的功能类g一pd?/SPAN>if…then…else语句?/SPAN> |
SELECT sid,serial#,username, DECODE(command ,0,’None?/FONT> ,2,’Insert?/FONT> ,3,’Select?/FONT> ,6,’Update?/FONT> ,7,’Delete?/FONT> ,8,’Drop ,’Other? cmd FROM V$SESSION WHERE type<>’BACKGROUND?
|
|
NVL(x1,x2) 注意ORACLE中的NULL|注意该函C?/SPAN>
|
如果x1为空q回x2Q否则返?/SPAN>x1?/SPAN> | SELECT NVL(ename,?/SPAN>无姓?/SPAN>? FROM EMP; | |
|
分组函数 | |||
| AVG([{DISTINCT|ALL}]<n>) | 求返回行的指定列的^均?/FONT> |
SELECT AVG(sal),AVG(ALL sal),AVG(DISTINCT sal) FROM SCOTT.EMP;
| |
| COUNT({*|[DISTINCT|ALL]}<x>) | l计q回的行?/FONT> |
SELECT COUNT (*), COUNT(DISTINCT mgr),COUNT(mgr) FROM SCOTT.EMP
| |
| MAX([{DISTINCT|ALL}]<x>) | 求返回行的指定列的最大?/FONT> | SELECT MAX(sal),MAX(DISTINCT sal) FROM EMP; | |
| MIN([{DISTINCT|ALL}]<x>) | 求返回行的指定列的最?/FONT> | SELECT MIN(sal),MIN(DISTINCT sal) FROM EMP; | |
| STDDEV([{DISTINCT|ALL}]<x>) | 求返回行的指定列的标准方?/FONT> | SELECT STDDEV(sal),STDDEV(DISTINCT sal) FROM EMP; | |
| SUM() | 求返回行的指定列的和 | SELECT SUM(sal) FROM EMP; | |
| VARIANCE() | 求返回行的指定列的差异?/FONT> | ||
注意Q?/FONT>
A?SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal"> 分组函数不会处理I|也不会返回空?/SPAN>Q?/FONT>
B?FONT size=2> 所有的分组函数既可以作用于指定列的所有gQ也可以只作用于指定列的差异列gQ?/FONT>
C?SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal"> 当指?/SPAN>ALL选项Ӟ分组函数作用于所有非I列D上。当指定DISTINCT选项Ӟ分组函数只作用于非空的且h不同列值的行上Q即Q重复列值的行只计算一行）Q?BR>转自Q?A >http://www.pcptel.com/content/view/66/30/
]]>
select to_char(to_date('200105','yyyymm'),'yyyy')+ b.bb||'00'+a.aa ff from (select level aa from dual connect by 1=1 and level <13 ) a, (select level-1 bb from dual connect by 1=1 and level <= (to_char(to_date('200402','yyyymm'),'yyyy') - to_char(to_date('200105','yyyymm'),'yyyy')+1) ) b where to_char(to_date('200105','yyyymm'),'yyyy')+ b.bb||'00'+a.aa >='200105' and to_char(to_date('200105','yyyymm'),'yyyy')+ b.bb||'00'+a.aa <='200402'不用其它表，可以构造出一个时间表?注意Qconnect by据说只支持oracle 9i 及以?img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/piliskys/aggbug/21158.html" width = "1" height = "1" />
]]>