前面我們分析了Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器的過程,這個過程只完成了萬里長征的第一步,接下來它還要等待ActivityManagerService將廣播分發過來。ActivityManagerService是如何得到廣播并把它分發出去的呢?這就是本文要介紹的廣播發送過程了。
廣播的發送過程比廣播接收器的注冊過程要復雜得多了,不過這個過程仍然是以ActivityManagerService為中心。廣播的發送者將廣播發送到ActivityManagerService,ActivityManagerService接收到這個廣播以后,就會在自己的注冊中心查看有哪些廣播接收器訂閱了該廣播,然后把這個廣播逐一發送到這些廣播接收器中,但是ActivityManagerService并不等待廣播接收器處理這些廣播就返回了,因此,廣播的發送和處理是異步的。概括來說,廣播的發送路徑就是從發送者到ActivityManagerService,再從ActivityManagerService到接收者,這中間的兩個過程都是通過Binder進程間通信機制來完成的,因此,希望讀者在繼續閱讀本文之前,對Android系統的Binder進程間通信機制有所了解,具體可以參考Android進程間通信(IPC)機制Binder簡要介紹和學習計劃一文。
本文繼續以Android系統中的廣播(Broadcast)機制簡要介紹和學習計劃一文中所開發的應用程序為例子,并且結合上文Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析的內容,一起來分析Android應用程序發送廣播的過程。
回顧一下Android系統中的廣播(Broadcast)機制簡要介紹和學習計劃一文中所開發的應用程序的組織架構,MainActivity向ActivityManagerService注冊了一個CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION類型的計數器服務廣播接收器,計數器服務CounterService在后臺線程中啟動了一個異步任務(AsyncTask),這個異步任務負責不斷地增加計數,并且不斷地將當前計數值通過廣播的形式發送出去,以便MainActivity可以將當前計數值在應用程序的界面線程中顯示出來。
計數器服務CounterService發送廣播的代碼如下所示:
public class CounterService extends Service implements ICounterService { ...... public void startCounter(int initVal) { AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer> task = new AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, Integer>() { @Override protected Integer doInBackground(Integer... vals) { ...... } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); int counter = values[0]; Intent intent = new Intent(BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION); intent.putExtra(COUNTER_VALUE, counter); sendBroadcast(intent); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Integer val) { ...... } }; task.execute(0); } ...... }在onProgressUpdate函數中,創建了一個BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION類型的Intent,并且在這里個Intent中附加上當前的計數器值,然后通過CounterService類的成員函數sendBroadcast將這個Intent發送出去。CounterService類繼承了Service類,Service類又繼承了ContextWrapper類,成員函數sendBroadcast就是從ContextWrapper類繼承下來的,因此,我們就從ContextWrapper類的sendBroadcast函數開始,分析廣播發送的過程。
在繼承分析廣播的發送過程前,我們先來看一下廣播發送過程的序列圖,然后按照這個序圖中的步驟來一步一步分析整個過程。
Step 1. ContextWrapper.sendBroadcast
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java文件中:
public class ContextWrapper extends Context { Context mBase; ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { mBase.sendBroadcast(intent); } ...... }這里的成員變量mBase是一個ContextImpl實例,這里只簡單地調用ContextImpl.sendBroadcast進一行操作。
Step 2. ContextImpl.sendBroadcast
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java文件中:
class ContextImpl extends Context { ...... @Override public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) { String resolvedType = intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()); try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent( mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null, Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, false, false); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } ...... }這里的resolvedType表示這個Intent的MIME類型,我們沒有設置這個Intent的MIME類型,因此,這里的resolvedType為null。接下來就調用ActivityManagerService的遠程接口ActivityManagerProxy把這個廣播發送給ActivityManagerService了。
Step 3. ActivityManagerProxy.broadcastIntent
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo != null ? resultTo.asBinder() : null); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(resultData); data.writeBundle(map); data.writeString(requiredPermission); data.writeInt(serialized ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int res = reply.readInt(); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return res; } ...... }這里的實現比較簡單,把要傳遞的參數封裝好,然后通過Binder驅動程序進入到ActivityManagerService的broadcastIntent函數中。
Step 4. ctivityManagerService.broadcastIntent
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) { synchronized(this) { intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent); final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid(); final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp, callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null, intent, resolvedType, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, requiredPermission, serialized, sticky, callingPid, callingUid); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); return res; } } ...... }這里調用broadcastIntentLocked函數來進一步處理。
Step 5. ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntentLocked
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp, String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map, String requiredPermission, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid) { intent = new Intent(intent); ...... // Figure out who all will receive this broadcast. List receivers = null; List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null; try { if (intent.getComponent() != null) { ...... } else { ...... registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false); } } catch (RemoteException ex) { ...... } final boolean replacePending = (intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0; int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0; if (!ordered && NR > 0) { // If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the // registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the // components to be launched. BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp, callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission, registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, ordered, sticky, false); ...... boolean replaced = false; if (replacePending) { for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) { ...... mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r); replaced = true; break; } } } if (!replaced) { mParallelBroadcasts.add(r); scheduleBroadcastsLocked(); } registeredReceivers = null; NR = 0; } ...... } ...... }這個函數首先是根據intent找出相應的廣播接收器:
// Figure out who all will receive this broadcast. List receivers = null; List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null; try { if (intent.getComponent() != null) { ...... } else { ...... registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false); } } catch (RemoteException ex) { ...... }回憶一下前面一篇文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析中的Step 6(ActivityManagerService.registerReceiver)中,我們將一個filter類型為BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION類型的BroadcastFilter實例保存在了ActivityManagerService的成員變量mReceiverResolver中,這個BroadcastFilter實例包含了我們所注冊的廣播接收器,這里就通過mReceiverResolver.queryIntent函數將這個BroadcastFilter實例取回來。由于注冊一個廣播類型的接收器可能有多個,所以這里把所有符合條件的的BroadcastFilter實例放在一個List中,然后返回來。在我們這個場景中,這個List就只有一個BroadcastFilter實例了,就是MainActivity注冊的那個廣播接收器。
繼續往下看:
final boolean replacePending = (intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING) != 0;這里是查看一下這個intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位有沒有設置,如果設置了的話,ActivityManagerService就會在當前的系統中查看有沒有相同的intent還未被處理,如果有的話,就有當前這個新的intent來替換舊的intent。這里,我們沒有設置intent的Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING位,因此,這里的replacePending變量為false。
再接著往下看:
int NR = registeredReceivers != null ? registeredReceivers.size() : 0; if (!ordered && NR > 0) { // If we are not serializing this broadcast, then send the // registered receivers separately so they don't wait for the // components to be launched. BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp, callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission, registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, ordered, sticky, false); ...... boolean replaced = false; if (replacePending) { for (int i=mParallelBroadcasts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { if (intent.filterEquals(mParallelBroadcasts.get(i).intent)) { ...... mParallelBroadcasts.set(i, r); replaced = true; break; } } } if (!replaced) { mParallelBroadcasts.add(r); scheduleBroadcastsLocked(); } registeredReceivers = null; NR = 0; }前面我們說到,這里得到的列表registeredReceivers的大小為1,且傳進來的參數ordered為false,表示要將這個廣播發送給所有注冊了BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION類型廣播的接收器,因此,會執行下面的if語句。這個if語句首先創建一個廣播記錄塊BroadcastRecord,里面記錄了這個廣播是由誰發出的以及要發給誰等相關信息。由于前面得到的replacePending變量為false,因此,不會執行接下來的if語句,即不會檢查系統中是否有相同類型的未處理的廣播。
這樣,這里得到的replaced變量的值也為false,于是,就會把這個廣播記錄塊r放在ActivityManagerService的成員變量mParcelBroadcasts中,等待進一步處理;進一步處理的操作由函數scheduleBroadcastsLocked進行。
Step 6. ActivityManagerService.scheduleBroadcastsLocked
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void scheduleBroadcastsLocked() { ...... if (mBroadcastsScheduled) { return; } mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG); mBroadcastsScheduled = true; } ...... }這里的mBroadcastsScheduled表示ActivityManagerService當前是不是正在處理其它廣播,如果是的話,這里就先不處理直接返回了,保證所有廣播串行處理。
注意這里處理廣播的方式,它是通過消息循環來處理,每當ActivityManagerService接收到一個廣播時,它就把這個廣播放進自己的消息隊列去就完事了,根本不管這個廣播后續是處理的,因此,這里我們可以看出廣播的發送和處理是異步的。
這里的成員變量mHandler是一個在ActivityManagerService內部定義的Handler類變量,通過它的sendEmptyMessage函數把一個類型為BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG的空消息放進ActivityManagerService的消息隊列中去。這里的空消息是指這個消息除了有類型信息之外,沒有任何其它額外的信息,因為前面已經把要處理的廣播信息都保存在mParcelBroadcasts中了,等處理這個消息時,從mParcelBroadcasts就可以讀回相關的廣播信息了,因此,這里不需要把廣播信息再放在消息內容中。
Step 7. Handler.sendEmptyMessage
這個自定義的Handler類實現在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中,它是ActivityManagerService的內部類,調用了它的sendEmptyMessage函數來把一個消息放到消息隊列后,一會就會調用它的handleMessage函數來真正處理這個消息:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... final Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { ...... case BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG: { ...... processNextBroadcast(true); } break; ...... } } } ...... }這里又調用了ActivityManagerService的processNextBroadcast函數來處理下一個未處理的廣播。
Step 8. ActivityManagerService.processNextBroadcast
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) { synchronized(this) { BroadcastRecord r; ...... if (fromMsg) { mBroadcastsScheduled = false; } // First, deliver any non-serialized broadcasts right away. while (mParallelBroadcasts.size() > 0) { r = mParallelBroadcasts.remove(0); ...... final int N = r.receivers.size(); ...... for (int i=0; i<N; i++) { Object target = r.receivers.get(i); ...... deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false); } addBroadcastToHistoryLocked(r); ...... } ...... } } ...... }這里傳進來的參數fromMsg為true,于是把mBroadcastScheduled重新設為false,這樣,下一個廣播就能進入到消息隊列中進行處理了。前面我們在Step 5中,把一個廣播記錄塊BroadcastRecord放在了mParallelBroadcasts中,因此,這里就把它取出來進行處理了。廣播記錄塊BroadcastRecord的receivers列表中包含了要接收這個廣播的目標列表,即前面我們注冊的廣播接收器,用BroadcastFilter來表示,這里while循環中的for循環就是把這個廣播發送給每一個訂閱了該廣播的接收器了,通過deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked函數執行。
Step 9. ActivityManagerService.deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(BroadcastRecord r, BroadcastFilter filter, boolean ordered) { boolean skip = false; if (filter.requiredPermission != null) { ...... } if (r.requiredPermission != null) { ...... } if (!skip) { // If this is not being sent as an ordered broadcast, then we // don't want to touch the fields that keep track of the current // state of ordered broadcasts. if (ordered) { ...... } try { ...... performReceiveLocked(filter.receiverList.app, filter.receiverList.receiver, new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode, r.resultData, r.resultExtras, r.ordered, r.initialSticky); ...... } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... } } } ...... }函數首先是檢查一下廣播發送和接收的權限,在我們分析的這個場景中,沒有設置權限,因此,這個權限檢查就跳過了,這里得到的skip為false,于是進入下面的if語句中。由于上面傳時來的ordered參數為false,因此,直接就調用performReceiveLocked函數來進一步執行廣播發送的操作了。
Step 10. ActivityManagerService.performReceiveLocked
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... static void performReceiveLocked(ProcessRecord app, IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { // Send the intent to the receiver asynchronously using one-way binder calls. if (app != null && app.thread != null) { // If we have an app thread, do the call through that so it is // correctly ordered with other one-way calls. app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky); } else { ...... } } ...... }注意,這里傳進來的參數app是注冊廣播接收器的Activity所在的進程記錄塊,在我們分析的這個場景中,由于是MainActivity調用registerReceiver函數來注冊這個廣播接收器的,因此,參數app所代表的ProcessRecord就是MainActivity所在的進程記錄塊了;而參數receiver也是注冊廣播接收器時傳給ActivityManagerService的一個Binder對象,它的類型是IIntentReceiver,具體可以參考上一篇文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析中的Step 2。
MainActivity在注冊廣播接收器時,已經把自己的ProcessRecord記錄下來了,所以這里的參數app和app.thread均不為null,于是,ActivityManagerService就調用app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函數來把這個廣播分發給MainActivity了。這里的app.thread是一個Binder遠程對象,它的類型是ApplicationThreadProxy,我們在前面介紹應用程序的Activity啟動過程時,已經多次看到了,具體可以參考主題Android應用程序的Activity啟動過程簡要介紹和學習計劃。
Step 11. ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中:
class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { ...... public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(receiver.asBinder()); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeInt(resultCode); data.writeString(dataStr); data.writeBundle(extras); data.writeInt(ordered ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } ...... }這里通過Binder驅動程序就進入到ApplicationThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver函數去了。ApplicationThread是ActivityThread的一個內部類,具體可以參考Activity啟動主題Android應用程序的Activity啟動過程簡要介紹和學習計劃。
Step 12. ApplicaitonThread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { ...... // This function exists to make sure all receiver dispatching is // correctly ordered, since these are one-way calls and the binder driver // applies transaction ordering per object for such calls. public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) throws RemoteException { receiver.performReceive(intent, resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky); } ...... } ...... }這里的receiver是在前面一篇文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析中的Step 4中創建的,它的具體類型是LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher.InnerReceiver,即定義在LoadedApk類的內部類ReceiverDispatcher里面的一個內部類InnerReceiver,這里調用它的performReceive函數。
Step 13. InnerReceiver.performReceive
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中:
final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = mDispatcher.get(); ...... if (rd != null) { rd.performReceive(intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky); } else { ...... } } } ...... } ...... }這里,它只是簡單地調用ReceiverDispatcher的performReceive函數來進一步處理,這里的ReceiverDispatcher類是LoadedApk類里面的一個內部類。
Step 14. ReceiverDispatcher.performReceive
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中:
final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky) { ...... Args args = new Args(); args.mCurIntent = intent; args.mCurCode = resultCode; args.mCurData = data; args.mCurMap = extras; args.mCurOrdered = ordered; args.mCurSticky = sticky; if (!mActivityThread.post(args)) { ...... } } ...... } ...... }這里mActivityThread成員變量的類型為Handler,它是前面MainActivity注冊廣播接收器時,從ActivityThread取得的,具體可以參考前面一篇文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析中的Step 3。這里ReceiverDispatcher借助這個Handler,把這個廣播以消息的形式放到MainActivity所在的這個ActivityThread的消息隊列中去,因此,ReceiverDispatcher不等這個廣播被MainActivity處理就返回了,這里也體現了廣播的發送和處理是異步進行的。
注意這里處理消息的方式是通過Handler.post函數進行的,post函數的參數是Runnable類型的,這個消息最終會調用這個這個參數的run成員函數來處理。這里的Args類是LoadedApk類的內部類ReceiverDispatcher的一個內部類,它繼承于Runnable類,因此,可以作為mActivityThread.post的參數傳進去,代表這個廣播的intent也保存在這個Args實例中。
Step 15. Hanlder.post
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Handler.java文件中,這個函數我們就不看了,有興趣的讀者可以自己研究一下,它的作用就是把消息放在消息隊列中,然后就返回了,這個消息最終會在傳進來的Runnable類型的參數的run成員函數中進行處理。
Step 16. Args.run
這個函數定義在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中:
final class LoadedApk { ...... static final class ReceiverDispatcher { ...... final class Args implements Runnable { ...... public void run() { BroadcastReceiver receiver = mReceiver; ...... Intent intent = mCurIntent; ...... try { ClassLoader cl = mReceiver.getClass().getClassLoader(); intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); if (mCurMap != null) { mCurMap.setClassLoader(cl); } receiver.setOrderedHint(true); receiver.setResult(mCurCode, mCurData, mCurMap); receiver.clearAbortBroadcast(); receiver.setOrderedHint(mCurOrdered); receiver.setInitialStickyHint(mCurSticky); receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent); } catch (Exception e) { ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... } ...... }這里的mReceiver是ReceiverDispatcher類的成員變量,它的類型是BroadcastReceiver,這里它就是MainActivity注冊廣播接收器時創建的BroadcastReceiver實例了,具體可以參考前面一篇文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析中的Step 2。
有了這個ReceiverDispatcher實例之后,就可以調用它的onReceive函數把這個廣播分發給它處理了。
Step 17. BroadcastReceiver.onReceive
這個函數定義Android系統中的廣播(Broadcast)機制簡要介紹和學習計劃一文中所介紹的Android應用程序Broadcast的工程目錄下的src/shy/luo/broadcast/MainActivity.java文件中:
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { ...... private BroadcastReceiver counterActionReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){ public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { int counter = intent.getIntExtra(CounterService.COUNTER_VALUE, 0); String text = String.valueOf(counter); counterText.setText(text); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Receive counter event"); } } ...... }這樣,MainActivity里面的定義的BroadcastReceiver實例counterActionReceiver就收到這個廣播并進行處理了。
至此,Android應用程序發送廣播的過程就分析完成了,結合前面這篇分析廣播接收器注冊過程的文章Android應用程序注冊廣播接收器(registerReceiver)的過程分析,就會對Android系統的廣播機制且個更深刻的認識和理解了。
最后,我們總結一下這個Android應用程序發送廣播的過程:
1. Step 1 - Step 7,計數器服務CounterService通過sendBroadcast把一個廣播通過Binder進程間通信機制發送給ActivityManagerService,ActivityManagerService根據這個廣播的Action類型找到相應的廣播接收器,然后把這個廣播放進自己的消息隊列中去,就完成第一階段對這個廣播的異步分發了;
2. Step 8 - Step 15,ActivityManagerService在消息循環中處理這個廣播,并通過Binder進程間通信機制把這個廣播分發給注冊的廣播接收分發器ReceiverDispatcher,ReceiverDispatcher把這個廣播放進MainActivity所在的線程的消息隊列中去,就完成第二階段對這個廣播的異步分發了;
3. Step 16 - Step 17, ReceiverDispatcher的內部類Args在MainActivity所在的線程消息循環中處理這個廣播,最終是將這個廣播分發給所注冊的BroadcastReceiver實例的onReceive函數進行處理。
這樣,Android系統廣播機制就學習完成了,希望對讀者有所幫助。重新學習Android系統的廣播機制,請回到Android系統中的廣播(Broadcast)機制簡要介紹和學習計劃一文中。