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模式Q在q行pȝ分析和概忉|型设计的时候,l常发现人和各种各样的组l有着同样的行?/em>Q例如,固定?sh)话的计费可能是针对个hQ也可能是一个单位;需要各U服务的时候,你可能求助于一个服务公司,或者服务公怸个特定的业务员。MQ因ZhQ?strong>PersonQ表C的一致性,如下图所见,我们从中抽象?/span>Party?/span>Organization
q样的模型ƈ没有错误Q但是有~陷Q首先不能满x(chng)较复杂的l织关系Q更严重的是Q一?strong>需要更多的层次关系Q例如存在部门直接上下关系以及(qing)区域附属理方式Q必引h个模型的更改Q对pȝ的媄(jing)响可惌知Q在q种情况下,最通常的改q措施是引入层次关系Q如下图所C:(x)
Q之间的各种关系以及(qing)可能的变化。在上图中,{hierarchy}Q来限定关系?/span>
才是模式的核?j),在系l中Q由两个Organization?/span>subsidiary实例来说明该l构的类型。在q样的结构中Q可能存在许多的规则Q?strong>Rule很多Q而且规则主要?/span>Type相关联;如果Type的子cd变化Q就可以分布?/span>Organization ?strong>Person的抽象父c,因此?/span>PartyQ模式?/span>
Q和操作层(Operational levelQ由三个cd作完成,它们分别?/span>Accountablity Type?/span>Party Type中定义合法的Party?/span>AccountablityQ运行时的配|;换句话说Q当知识层的规则改变Ӟpȝ的行为将被改变,而不需要Q何其他代码的改动Q这当然是一U比较理惛_的情c(din)?/span>
由此惛_Q构Z家系l的设计思\也可以从q个模式得到一些启发,q是W者一时的感触?/p>
在原书中Q如何实现这L(fng)模型提得比较模糊Q但是笔者认为,可以它们作为正常的模型来实玎ͼ两个层次的区分只是表明它们各自担负的d和地位不同。知识层們于描q系l可能存在的各种形式Qƈ讑֮判断pȝ是否有效的各U规则;操作层则描述在这L(fng)配置下系l实际的行ؓ(f)。通过改变内在的配|来改变外在的行为,是q个模式的目的?/p>
׃q个模式的特点,改变pȝ行ؓ(f)时不必更Ҏ(gu)作层的代码,但是Qƈ不意味着改变pȝ行ؓ(f)q测试也不必要做。同P也需要调试、配|管理?/p>
作者也提到Q这L(fng)模式用v来ƈ不轻松,甚至在一般的pȝ中也不必要,但当你发现有必要用它的时候,别犹豫(感觉象用降落伞一P(j)Q?/p>
Q?/span>Reusable Object ModelsQ?/span>Martin Fowler
public class ForecastDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float currentPressure = 29.92f;
private float lastPressure;
private WeatherData weatherData;
public ForecastDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
lastPressure = currentPressure;
currentPressure = pressure;
display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.print("Forecast: ");
if (currentPressure > lastPressure) {
System.out.println("Improving weather on the way!");
} else if (currentPressure == lastPressure) {
System.out.println("More of the same");
} else if (currentPressure < lastPressure) {
System.out.println("Watch out for cooler, rainy weather");
}
}
}
public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float maxTemp = 0.0f;
private float minTemp = 200;
private float tempSum= 0.0f;
private int numReadings;
private WeatherData weatherData;
public StatisticsDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
tempSum += temp;
numReadings++;
if (temp > maxTemp) {
maxTemp = temp;
}
if (temp < minTemp) {
minTemp = temp;
}
display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Avg/Max/Min temperature = " + (tempSum / numReadings)
+ "/" + maxTemp + "/" + minTemp);
}
}
public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay =
new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}
当我们想d一个布告板的时候只要实现观察者借口可以加入主题通知的记录中Q实际代码如下:(x)
//我们要添加一个酷热指数的布告板,利用一套公式来计算L(fng)指数?br />
public class HeatIndexDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
float heatIndex = 0.0f;
private WeatherData weatherData;
public HeatIndexDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float t, float rh, float pressure) {
heatIndex = computeHeatIndex(t, rh);
display();
}
//L(fng)指数计算
private float computeHeatIndex(float t, float rh) {
float index = (float)((16.923 + (0.185212 * t) + (5.37941 * rh) - (0.100254 * t * rh)
+ (0.00941695 * (t * t)) + (0.00728898 * (rh * rh))
+ (0.000345372 * (t * t * rh)) - (0.000814971 * (t * rh * rh)) +
(0.0000102102 * (t * t * rh * rh)) - (0.000038646 * (t * t * t)) + (0.0000291583 *
(rh * rh * rh)) + (0.00000142721 * (t * t * t * rh)) +
(0.000000197483 * (t * rh * rh * rh)) - (0.0000000218429 * (t * t * t * rh * rh)) +
0.000000000843296 * (t * t * rh * rh * rh)) -
(0.0000000000481975 * (t * t * t * rh * rh * rh)));
return index;
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Heat index is " + heatIndex);
}
}
//加入L(fng)指数布告板后的测试类
public class WeatherStationHeatIndex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
HeatIndexDisplay heatIndexDisplay = new HeatIndexDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}
public class MiniDuckSimulator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DecoyDuck decoy = new DecoyDuck();
decoy.performQuack();
decoy .performFly();
//q行时把飞行状态改为火助推器飞行
decoy .setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());
decoy .performFly();
}
}