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          Java 的JDBC 數據庫連接池實現方法

          關鍵字: Java, JDBC, Connection Pool, Database, 數據庫連接池, sourcecode

          ??雖然 J2EE 程序員一般都有現成的應用服務器所帶的JDBC 數據庫連接池,不過對于開發一般的 Java Application 、 Applet 或者 JSP、velocity 時,我們可用的JDBC 數據庫連接池并不多,并且一般性能都不好。 Java 程序員都很羨慕 Windows ADO ,只需要 new Connection 就可以直接從數據庫連接池中返回 Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是線程安全的,多個線程可以共用一個 Connection, 所以 ASP 程序一般都把 getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中,在 IIS 啟動時建立數據庫連接。ADO 的 Connection 和 Result 都有很好的緩沖,并且很容易使用。

          其實我們可以自己寫一個JDBC 數據庫連接池。寫 JDBC connection pool 的注意事項有:

          1. 有一個簡單的函數從連接池中得到一個 Connection。
          2. close 函數必須將 connection 放回 數據庫連接池。
          3. 當數據庫連接池中沒有空閑的 connection, 數據庫連接池必須能夠自動增加 connection 個數。
          4. 當數據庫連接池中的 connection 個數在某一個特別的時間變得很大,但是以后很長時間只用其中一小部分,應該可以自動將多余的 connection 關閉掉。
          5. 如果可能,應該提供debug 信息報告沒有關閉的 new Connection 。

          如果要 new Connection 就可以直接從數據庫連接池中返回 Connection, 可以這樣寫( Mediator pattern ) (以下代碼中使用了中文全角空格):

          public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{
            private Connection m_delegate = null;

            public EasyConnection(){
              m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();
            }

            public void close(){
              putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);
            }

            public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
              m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);
            }

            //...... other method

          }


          看來并不難。不過不建議這種寫法,因為應該盡量避免使用 Java Interface, 關于 Java Interface 的缺點我另外再寫文章討論。大家關注的是 Connection Pool 的實現方法。下面給出一種實現方法。

          import java.sql.*;
          import java.lang.reflect.*;
          import java.util.*;
          import java.io.*;

          public class SimpleConnetionPool {
            private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();
            private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();
            private static String m_url = "";
            private static String m_user = "";
            private static String m_password = "";
            static final boolean DEBUG = true;
            static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();
            public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours

            static {
              initDriver();
            }

            private SimpleConnetionPool() {
            }

            private static void initDriver() {
              Driver driver = null;
              //load mysql driver
              try {
                driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
                installDriver(driver);
              } catch (Exception e) {
              }

              //load postgresql driver
              try {
                driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
                installDriver(driver);
              } catch (Exception e) {
              }
            }

            public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {
              try {
                DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
              }
            }


            public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {
              clearClosedConnection();
              while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {
                try {
                  ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
                  if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
                    continue;
                  }
                  m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
                  if (DEBUG) {
                    wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
                  }
                  return wrapper.connection;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }
              }
              int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();
              LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
              ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;
              for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {
                wrapper = getNewConnection();
                if (wrapper != null) {
                  list.add(wrapper);
                }
              }
              if (list.size() == 0) {
                return null;
              }
              wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();
              m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);

              m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);
              list.clear();

              return wrapper.connection;
            }

            private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {
              try {
                Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);
                ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);
                return wrapper;
              } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
              }
              return null;
            }

            static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {
              boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);
              if (exist) {
                m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);
              }
            }

            public static int close() {
              int count = 0;

              Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
              while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                try {
                  ( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();
                  count++;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }
              }
              m_notUsedConnection.clear();

              iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
              while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                try {
                  ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
                  wrapper.close();
                  if (DEBUG) {
                    wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  count++;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }
              }
              m_usedUsedConnection.clear();

              return count;
            }

            private static void clearClosedConnection() {
              long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
              //sometimes user change system time,just return
              if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {
                time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;
                return;
              }
              //no need check very often
              if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {
                return;
              }
              m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;

              //begin check
              Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
              while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
                try {
                  if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
                    iterator.remove();
                  }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                  iterator.remove();
                  if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");
                    wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
                  }
                }
              }

              //make connection pool size smaller if too big
              int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();
              if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {
                return;
              }

              while (decrease-- > 0) {
                ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
                try {
                  wrapper.connection.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }
              }
            }

            /**
             * get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection
             * @return count
             */
            public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {
              int count = 1;
              int current = getConnectionCount();
              count = current / 4;
              if (count < 1) {
                count = 1;
              }
              return count;
            }

            /**
             * get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection
             * @return count
             */
            public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {
              int count = 0;
              int current = getConnectionCount();
              if (current < 10) {
                return 0;
              }
              return current / 3;
            }

            public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {
              printDebugMsg(System.out);
            }

            public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {
              if (DEBUG == false) {
                return;
              }
              StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
              msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());
              msg.append("\r\n");
              msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());
              msg.append("\r\n");
              msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());
              msg.append("\r\n");
              msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());
              out.println(msg);
              Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
              while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
                wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);
              }
              out.println();
            }

            public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {
              return m_notUsedConnection.size();
            }

            public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {
              return m_usedUsedConnection.size();
            }

            public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {
              return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();
            }

            public static String getUrl() {
              return m_url;
            }

            public static void setUrl(String url) {
              if (url == null) {
                return;
              }
              m_url = url.trim();
            }

            public static String getUser() {
              return m_user;
            }

            public static void setUser(String user) {
              if (user == null) {
                return;
              }
              m_user = user.trim();
            }

            public static String getPassword() {
              return m_password;
            }

            public static void setPassword(String password) {
              if (password == null) {
                return;
              }
              m_password = password.trim();
            }

          }

          class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {
            private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";
            public Connection connection = null;
            private Connection m_originConnection = null;
            public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");

            ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {
              Class[] interfaces = {java.sql.Connection.class};
              this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                con.getClass().getClassLoader(),
                interfaces, this);
              m_originConnection = con;
            }

            void close() throws SQLException {
              m_originConnection.close();
            }

            public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
              Object obj = null;
              if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {
                SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);
              }
              else {
                obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);
              }
              lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
              return obj;
            }
          }


          使用方法

          public class TestConnectionPool{
            public static void main(String[] args) {
              SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());
              SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());
              SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());

              Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
              Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
              Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();

              //do something with con ...

              try {
                con.close();
              } catch (Exception e) {}

              try {
                con1.close();
              } catch (Exception e) {}

              try {
                con2.close();
              } catch (Exception e) {}

              con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
              con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
              try {
                con1.close();
              } catch (Exception e) {}

              con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
              SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();

            }
          }
          posted on 2006-08-04 15:56 Lansing 閱讀(724) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: 學習工作
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          歡迎探討,努力學習Java哈

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