開發(fā)環(huán)境的塔建我就不多說了，具體可以參考我以前的幾篇日志。

在Eclipse中新建一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)Web工程，將Struts 、Spring、Hibernate需要的jar都添加到WEB-INF/lib目錄下，
將Struts標(biāo)簽所需的tld文件、struts-config.xml文件（可以由StrutsIDE生成）添加到WEB-INF下，另外在
此目錄下添加一個(gè)Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml。

我參考的例子是夏昕的《深入淺出Hibernate》上的第6章，很好的一個(gè)論壇示例。

首先按照書上的ER模型，在數(shù)據(jù)庫（MySQL）中建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫。

create database forum;

use forum;

create table user(
?id int not null auto_increment primary key,
?name varchar(50),
?pwd varchar(50),
?email varchar(50)

)type=innodb;

create table board(
?id int not null auto_increment primary key,?
?parent_id int,
?create_by int not null,
?name varchar(50) not null,
?remark varchar(255),
?create_time datetime,

?index(parent_id),
?index(create_by),

?foreign key(parent_id) references board(id) on delete cascade,
?foreign key(create_by) references user(id) on delete no action
?
)type=innodb;

create table article(
?id int not null auto_increment primary key,?
?parent_id int ,
?board_id int not null,
?article_type int not null,
?title varchar(255),
?body text,
?create_by int not null,

?create_time datetime,
?hits int unsigned,
?bytes int unsigned,
?last_update_by int not null,
?last_update_time datetime,

?index(parent_id),
?index(board_id),
?index(create_by),
?index(last_update_by),

?foreign key(parent_id) references article(id) on delete no action,
?foreign key(board_id) references board(id) on delete cascade,
?foreign key(create_by) references user(id) on delete no action,
?foreign key(last_update_by) references user(id) on delete no action
?
)type=innodb;

之后，我選擇了用Hibernate Sychonizer來生成映射文件和實(shí)體類，然后對(duì)生成的類進(jìn)行修改（刪掉了生成的Base類），
實(shí)際上Hibernate Sychonizer生成的映射文件也有錯(cuò)誤，需要修改，我也是后來在使用中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

//User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
?"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
?" http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >

<hibernate-mapping package="com.lzy.forum.domain">
?<class
??name="User"
??table="user"
?>

??<id
???name="Id"
???type="integer"
???column="id"
??>
???<generator class="native"/>
??</id>

??<property
???name="Name"
???column="name"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
???length="50"
??/>
??<property
???name="Pwd"
???column="pwd"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
???length="50"
??/>
??<property
???name="Email"
???column="email"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
???length="50"
??/>
?

??<set name="ArticlesByLastUpdateBy" inverse="true" lazy="true">
???<key column="last_update_by"/>
???<one-to-many class="Article"/>
??</set>

??<set name="ArticlesByCreateBy" inverse="true" lazy="true">
???<key column="create_by"/>【這里的create_by是后來修改的，Hibernate Sychonizer生成的有錯(cuò)，后面有幾處同樣的錯(cuò)誤】
???<one-to-many class="Article"/>
??</set>

??<set name="Boards" inverse="true" lazy="true">
???<key column="create_by"/>【這里的create_by是后來修改的】

???<one-to-many class="Board"/>
??</set>

?</class>?
</hibernate-mapping>

//User.java
package com.lzy.forum.domain;

public class User{
?private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

//? primary key
?private java.lang.Integer id;

?// fields
?private java.lang.String name;
?private java.lang.String pwd;
?private java.lang.String email;

?// collections
?private java.util.Set<Article> articlesByLastUpdateBy;
?private java.util.Set<Article> articlesByCreateBy;
?private java.util.Set<Board> boards;
?
?
?public java.util.Set<Article> getArticlesByCreateBy() {
??return articlesByCreateBy;
?}
?public void setArticlesByCreateBy(java.util.Set<Article> articlesByCreateBy) {
??this.articlesByCreateBy = articlesByCreateBy;
?}
?public java.util.Set<Article> getArticlesByLastUpdateBy() {
??return articlesByLastUpdateBy;
?}
?public void setArticlesByLastUpdateBy(
???java.util.Set<Article> articlesByLastUpdateBy) {
??this.articlesByLastUpdateBy = articlesByLastUpdateBy;
?}
?public java.util.Set<Board> getBoards() {
??return boards;
?}
?public void setBoards(java.util.Set<Board> boards) {
??this.boards = boards;
?}
?public java.lang.String getEmail() {
??return email;
?}
?public void setEmail(java.lang.String email) {
??this.email = email;
?}
?public java.lang.Integer getId() {
??return id;
?}
?public void setId(java.lang.Integer id) {
??this.id = id;
?}
?public java.lang.String getName() {
??return name;
?}
?public void setName(java.lang.String name) {
??this.name = name;
?}
?public java.lang.String getPwd() {
??return pwd;
?}
?public void setPwd(java.lang.String pwd) {
??this.pwd = pwd;
?}

}

//Board.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
?"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
?" http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >

<hibernate-mapping package="com.lzy.forum.domain">
?<class
??name="Board"
??table="board"
?>
???<meta attribute="sync-DAO">false</meta>
??<id
???name="Id"
???type="integer"
???column="id"
??>
???<generator class="native"/>
??</id>

??<property
???name="Name"
???column="name"
???type="string"
???not-null="true"
???length="50"
??/>
??<property
???name="Remark"
???column="remark"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
???length="255"
??/>
??<property
???name="CreateTime"
???column="create_time"
???type="timestamp"
???not-null="false"
???length="19"
??/>
??<many-to-one
???name="CreateBy"
???column="create_by"
???class="User"
???not-null="true"
??>
??</many-to-one>
??<many-to-one
???name="Parent"
???column="parent_id"
???class="Board"???
???not-null="false"
???lazy="false">
??</many-to-one>
?

??<set name="Articles" inverse="true" lazy="true" order-by="id">
???<key column="board_id"/>【這里的board_id是后來修改的】
???<one-to-many class="Article"/>
??</set>

??<set name="ChildBoards" inverse="true"? lazy="true" order-by="id">
???<key column="parent_id"/>【這里的parent_id是后來修改的】
???<one-to-many class="Board"/>
??</set>

?</class>?
</hibernate-mapping>

//Board.java
package com.lzy.forum.domain;

?

public class Board? {
?private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

//? primary key
?private java.lang.Integer id;

?// fields
?private java.lang.String name;
?private java.lang.String remark;
?private java.util.Date createTime;

?// many to one
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.User createBy;
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.Board parent;

?// collections
?private java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> articles;
?private java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Board> childBoards;
?
?
?public java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> getArticles() {
??return articles;
?}
?public void setArticles(java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> articles) {
??this.articles = articles;
?}
?public java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Board> getChildBoards() {
??return childBoards;
?}
?public void setChildBoards(java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Board> childBoards) {
??this.childBoards = childBoards;
?}
?public com.lzy.forum.domain.User getCreateBy() {
??return createBy;
?}
?public void setCreateBy(com.lzy.forum.domain.User createBy) {
??this.createBy = createBy;
?}
?public java.util.Date getCreateTime() {
??return createTime;
?}
?public void setCreateTime(java.util.Date createTime) {
??this.createTime = createTime;
?}
?public java.lang.Integer getId() {
??return id;
?}
?public void setId(java.lang.Integer id) {
??this.id = id;
?}
?public java.lang.String getName() {
??return name;
?}
?public void setName(java.lang.String name) {
??this.name = name;
?}
?public com.lzy.forum.domain.Board getParent() {
??return parent;
?}
?public void setParent(com.lzy.forum.domain.Board parent) {
??this.parent = parent;
?}
?public java.lang.String getRemark() {
??return remark;
?}
?public void setRemark(java.lang.String remark) {
??this.remark = remark;
?}

}

//Article.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
?"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
?" http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd " >

<hibernate-mapping package="com.lzy.forum.domain">
?<class
??name="Article"
??table="article"
?>
??<meta attribute="sync-DAO">false</meta>
??<id
???name="Id"
???type="integer"
???column="id"
??>
???<generator class="native"/>
??</id>

??<property
???name="ArticleType"
???column="article_type"
???type="integer"
???not-null="true"
???length="11"
??/>
??<property
???name="Title"
???column="title"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
???length="255"
??/>
??<property
???name="Body"
???column="body"
???type="string"
???not-null="false"
??/>
??<property
???name="Hits"
???column="hits"
???type="integer"
???not-null="false"
???length="10"
??/>
??<property
???name="Bytes"
???column="bytes"
???type="integer"
???not-null="false"
???length="10"
??/>
??<property
???name="CreateTime"
???column="create_time"
???type="timestamp"
???not-null="false"
???length="19"
??/>
??<property
???name="LastUpdateTime"
???column="last_update_time"
???type="timestamp"
???not-null="false"
???length="19"
??/>
??<many-to-one
???name="LastUpdateBy"
???column="last_update_by"
???class="User"
???not-null="true"
??>
??</many-to-one>
??<many-to-one
???name="CreateBy"
???column="create_by"
???class="User"
???not-null="true"
??>
??</many-to-one>
??<many-to-one
???name="Parent"
???column="parent_id"
???class="Article"
???not-null="false"
??>
??</many-to-one>
??<many-to-one
???name="Board"
???column="board_id"
???class="Board"
???not-null="true"
??>
??</many-to-one>
?

??<set name="Articles" inverse="true" lazy="false" order-by="id">
???<key column="parent_id"/>【這里的parent_id是后來修改的】
???<one-to-many class="Article"/>
??</set>

?</class>?
</hibernate-mapping>

//Article.java
package com.lzy.forum.domain;

import java.util.Date;

?

public class Article? {
?private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
?// primary key
?private java.lang.Integer id;

?// fields
?private java.lang.Integer articleType;
?private java.lang.String title;
?private java.lang.String body;
?private java.lang.Integer hits;
?private java.lang.Integer bytes;
?private java.util.Date lastUpdateTime;
?private java.util.Date createTime;
?

?// many to one
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.User lastUpdateBy;
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.User createBy;
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.Article parent;
?private com.lzy.forum.domain.Board board;

?// collections
?private java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> articles;

?public java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> getArticles() {
??return articles;
?}

?public void setArticles(java.util.Set<com.lzy.forum.domain.Article> articles) {
??this.articles = articles;
?}

?public java.lang.Integer getArticleType() {
??return articleType;
?}

?public void setArticleType(java.lang.Integer articleType) {
??this.articleType = articleType;
?}

?public com.lzy.forum.domain.Board getBoard() {
??return board;
?}

?public void setBoard(com.lzy.forum.domain.Board board) {
??this.board = board;
?}

?public java.lang.String getBody() {
??return body;
?}

?public void setBody(java.lang.String body) {
??this.body = body;
?}

?public java.lang.Integer getBytes() {
??return bytes;
?}

?public void setBytes(java.lang.Integer bytes) {
??this.bytes = bytes;
?}

?public com.lzy.forum.domain.User getCreateBy() {
??return createBy;
?}

?public void setCreateBy(com.lzy.forum.domain.User createBy) {
??this.createBy = createBy;
?}

?public java.lang.Integer getHits() {
??return hits;
?}

?public void setHits(java.lang.Integer hits) {
??this.hits = hits;
?}

?public java.lang.Integer getId() {
??return id;
?}

?public void setId(java.lang.Integer id) {
??this.id = id;
?}

?public com.lzy.forum.domain.User getLastUpdateBy() {
??return lastUpdateBy;
?}

?public void setLastUpdateBy(com.lzy.forum.domain.User lastUpdateBy) {
??this.lastUpdateBy = lastUpdateBy;
?}

?public java.util.Date getLastUpdateTime() {
??return lastUpdateTime;
?}

?public void setLastUpdateTime(java.util.Date lastUpdateTime) {
??this.lastUpdateTime = lastUpdateTime;
?}

?public com.lzy.forum.domain.Article getParent() {
??return parent;
?}

?public void setParent(com.lzy.forum.domain.Article parent) {
??this.parent = parent;
?}

?public java.lang.String getTitle() {
??return title;
?}

?public void setTitle(java.lang.String title) {
??this.title = title;
?}
?public java.util.Date getCreateTime(){
??return createTime;
?}

?public void setCreateTime(java.util.Date createTime) {
??// TODO Auto-generated method stub
??this.createTime = createTime;
?}
?

Spring和Struts結(jié)合有幾種方法，我選了最常用的PlugIn方式，在struts-config.xml中加入

<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
??????<set-property property="contextConfigLocation"
?????????? ?value="/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml" />
?</plug-in>

WEB-INF目錄下的action-servlet.xml就是Spring的配置文件,下面給出的是整個(gè)的action-servlet.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>

//Data Source

?<bean id="dataSource"
??class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
??<property name="driverClassName">
???<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
??</property>
??<property name="url">
???<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/forum</value>
??</property>
??<property name="username">
???<value>test</value>
??</property>
??<property name="password">
???<null />
??</property>
?</bean>