網路冷眼@BlogJava

在Java IDE世界里，Eclipse和NetBeans是平臺主導者。無論是CodeGear的JBuilder 2007，BEA 的Workshop Studio，還是IBM 的Websphere Studio，因為都是建立的在Eclipse平臺基礎上的，所以缺省的構建(Build)方式都是Eclipse Native的。同時，Eclipse支持External Tools方式，其中有Ant Build方式。這樣為采用其它IDE建立的項目搭建了一個溝通的橋梁。

在一個開發小組中，本應該要統一開發環境。但是有時候，采用NetBeans 平臺加上EnterPack和Visual Web Pack之后，可以簡化SOA的Web Services和BPEL以及JSF 2.0的開發。NetBeans本身完全采用ant 方式管理工程。這樣我們可以建立一個在NetBeans和Eclipse共享的項目。

步驟如下：

1.在NetBeans下建立項目

首先在NetBeans下建立一個叫HelloWorld的示例項目。在NetBeans的項目視圖和文件視圖如圖1和圖所示。

在NetBeans的項目中一般至少包含了Source Packages，Test Packages，Libraries和Test Libraries四個目錄。其結構圖如如圖1。

圖1 NetBeans項目結構圖

在NetBeans的文件結構至少包含nbproject, src和test三個子目錄。文件結構圖如圖2所示。

在項目的文件夾下面有ant的標準構建文件build.xml，其內容如表所示。

<? xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- ?You?may?freely?edit?this?file.?See?commented?blocks?below?for? -->
<!-- ?some?examples?of?how?to?customize?the?build.? -->
<!-- ?(If?you?delete?it?and?reopen?the?project?it?will?be?recreated.)? -->
< project? name ="HelloWorld" ?default ="default" ?basedir ="." >
???? < description > Builds,?tests,?and?runs?the?project?HelloWorld. </ description >
???? < import? file ="nbproject/build-impl.xml" />
???? <!--

????There?exist?several?targets?which?are?by?default?empty?and?which?can?be?
????used?for?execution?of?your?tasks.?These?targets?are?usually?executed?
????before?and?after?some?main?targets.?They?are:?

??????-pre-init:?????????????????called?before?initialization?of?project?properties
??????-post-init:????????????????called?after?initialization?of?project?properties
??????-pre-compile:??????????????called?before?javac?compilation
??????-post-compile:?????????????called?after?javac?compilation
??????-pre-compile-single:???????called?before?javac?compilation?of?single?file
??????-post-compile-single:??????called?after?javac?compilation?of?single?file
??????-pre-compile-test:?????????called?before?javac?compilation?of?JUnit?tests
??????-post-compile-test:????????called?after?javac?compilation?of?JUnit?tests
??????-pre-compile-test-single:??called?before?javac?compilation?of?single?JUnit?test
??????-post-compile-test-single:?called?after?javac?compilation?of?single?JUunit?test
??????-pre-jar:??????????????????called?before?JAR?building
??????-post-jar:?????????????????called?after?JAR?building
??????-post-clean:???????????????called?after?cleaning?build?products

????(Targets?beginning?with?'-'?are?not?intended?to?be?called?on?their?own.)

????Example?of?inserting?an?obfuscator?after?compilation?could?look?like?this:

????????<target?name="-post-compile">
????????????<obfuscate>
????????????????<fileset?dir="${build.classes.dir}"/>
????????????</obfuscate>
????????</target>

????For?list?of?available?properties?check?the?imported?
????nbproject/build-impl.xml?file.?


????Another?way?to?customize?the?build?is?by?overriding?existing?main?targets.
????The?targets?of?interest?are:?

??????-init-macrodef-javac:?????defines?macro?for?javac?compilation
??????-init-macrodef-junit:?????defines?macro?for?junit?execution
??????-init-macrodef-debug:?????defines?macro?for?class?debugging
??????-init-macrodef-java:??????defines?macro?for?class?execution
??????-do-jar-with-manifest:????JAR?building?(if?you?are?using?a?manifest)
??????-do-jar-without-manifest:?JAR?building?(if?you?are?not?using?a?manifest)
??????run:??????????????????????execution?of?project?
??????-javadoc-build:???????????Javadoc?generation
??????test-report:??????????????JUnit?report?generation

????An?example?of?overriding?the?target?for?project?execution?could?look?like?this:

????????<target?name="run"?depends="HelloWorld-impl.jar">
????????????<exec?dir="bin"?executable="launcher.exe">
????????????????<arg?file="${dist.jar}"/>
????????????</exec>
????????</target>

????Notice?that?the?overridden?target?depends?on?the?jar?target?and?not?only?on?
????the?compile?target?as?the?regular?run?target?does.?Again,?for?a?list?of?available?
????properties?which?you?can?use,?check?the?target?you?are?overriding?in?the
????nbproject/build-impl.xml?file.?

???? -->
</ project >

?

在列表中可以看出，有這樣的描述

import?file="nbproject/build-impl.xml"/

主要的內容實際上在nbproject/build-impl.xml里。

圖2 NetBeans文件結構圖

那么構建過后的class文件和jar到底放置在什么地方。

切換到project視圖，點擊右鍵，在彈出菜單選擇“Build Project”(如圖3所示），對項目進行構建。

圖3

再切換到File視圖，將會發現多出了build和dist及其子文件夾。如圖4所示。

圖4

原來，NetBeans構建過后，將產生的類放置到了build文件夾的classes下面，將生成的jar包放置到了dist下面。

通過搜索，build.classes.dir屬性和dist.dir是在project.properties文件里定義的。為了將項目引入到eclipse作準備，修改為：

build.classes.dir=${build.dir}/

dist.dir=bin

自此，在HelloWorld項目在NetBeans下已經完工。

2.將HelloWorld Project 引入到Eclipse

打開Eclipse，從菜單"File->New"選擇，將彈出項目向導。在向導中選擇"Java 項目"。如圖5所示。

?

圖5

點擊下一步，在新的向導頁中，選擇"從現有資源創建項目"選項，然后再點擊“下一步”。如圖6所示。

圖6

這時，調整缺省輸出目錄，然后點擊“完成”按鈕。

圖7

至此，NetBeans下的項目完整地引入到了Eclipse平臺里。像其它的Eclipse項目一樣進行操作了。