一個完整的mysql讀寫分離環境包括以下幾個部分：
應用程序client
database proxy
database集群
在本次實戰中，應用程序client基于c3p0連接后端的database proxy。database proxy負責管理client實際訪問database的路由策略，采用開源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整個環境的結構圖如下所示：
實戰步驟與詳解
一.搭建mysql的master-slave環境
1）分別在host1（10.20.147.110）和host2（10.20.147.111）上安裝mysql（5.0.45），具體安裝方法可見官方文檔
2）配置master
首先編輯/etc/my.cnf，添加以下配置：
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave會基于此log-bin來做replication
server-id=1 #master的標示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具體數據庫
然后添加專門用于replication的用戶：
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@10.20.147.111 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
重啟mysql，使得配置生效：
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
最后查看master狀態：
3）配置slave
首先編輯/etc/my.cnf，添加以下配置：
server-id=2 #slave的標示
配置生效后，配置與master的連接：
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
-> MASTER_USER='repl',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;
其中MASTER_HOST是master機的ip，MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我們剛才在master上添加的用戶，MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS對應與master status里的信息
最后啟動slave：
mysql> start slave;
4）驗證master-slave搭建生效
通過查看slave機的log（/var/log/mysqld.log）：
100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@10.20.147.110:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261
如看到以上信息則證明搭建成功，如果有問題也可通過此log找原因
二.搭建database proxy
此次實戰中database proxy采用amoeba ，它的相關信息可以查閱官方文檔，不在此詳述
1）安裝amoeba
下載amoeba（1.2.0-GA）后解壓到本地（D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA），即完成安裝
2）配置amoeba
先配置proxy連接和與各后端mysql服務器連接信息（D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\amoeba.xml）：
<server>
<!-- proxy server綁定的端口 -->
<property name="port">8066</property>
<!-- proxy server綁定的IP -->
<!--
<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
-->
<!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
<property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
<property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
<property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) -->
<property name="netBufferSize">128</property>
<!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->
<property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>
<!-- 對外驗證的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 對外驗證的密碼 -->
<property name="password">root</property>
</server>
<server>
<!-- proxy server綁定的端口 -->
<property name="port">8066</property>
<!-- proxy server綁定的IP -->
<!--
<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
-->
<!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
<property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
<property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
<property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
<!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) -->
<property name="netBufferSize">128</property>
<!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->
<property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>
<!-- 對外驗證的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 對外驗證的密碼 -->
<property name="password">root</property>
</server>
以上是proxy提供給client的連接配置
<dbServerList>
<dbServer name="server1">
<!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
<property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>
<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的密碼 -->
<property name="password"></property>
</factoryConfig>
<!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">200</property>
<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
<property name="minIdle">10</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="server2">
<!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
<property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>
<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的密碼 -->
<property name="password"></property>
</factoryConfig>
<!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">200</property>
<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
<property name="minIdle">10</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
</dbServerList>
<dbServerList>
<dbServer name="server1">
<!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
<property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>
<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的密碼 -->
<property name="password"></property>
</factoryConfig>
<!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">200</property>
<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
<property name="minIdle">10</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="server2">
<!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
<property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>
<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<!-- 用于登陸mysql的密碼 -->
<property name="password"></property>
</factoryConfig>
<!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">200</property>
<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
<property name="minIdle">10</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
</dbServerList>
以上是proxy與后端各mysql數據庫服務器配置信息，具體配置見注釋很明白了
最后配置讀寫分離策略：
<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
<property name="writePool">server1</property>
<property name="readPool">server2</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>
<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
<property name="writePool">server1</property>
<property name="readPool">server2</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>
從以上配置不然發現，寫操作路由到server1（master），讀操作路由到server2（slave）
3）啟動amoeba
在命令行里運行D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\amoeba.bat即可：
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端調用與測試
1）編寫client調用程序
具體程序細節就不詳述了，只是一個最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的數據庫操作程序
2）配置數據庫連接
本client基于c3p0，具體數據源配置如下：
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
<property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
<property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
</bean>
值得注意是，client端只需連到proxy，與實際的數據庫沒有任何關系，因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都對應于amoeba暴露出來的配置信息
3）調用與測試
首先插入一條數據：insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
通過查看master機上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：
100703 11:58:42 1 Query set names latin1
1 Query SET NAMES latin1
1 Query SET character_set_results = NULL
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES
1 Query SHOW COLLATION
1 Query SET autocommit=1
1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
1 Prepare [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Prepare [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Execute [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知寫操作發生在master機上
通過查看slave機上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：
100703 11:58:42 2 Query insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知slave同步執行了這條語句
然后查一條數據：select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
通過查看slave機上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：
100703 12:02:00 33 Query set names latin1
33 Prepare [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Prepare [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Execute [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
得知讀操作發生在slave機上
并且通過查看slave機上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log發現這條語句沒在master上執行
通過以上驗證得知簡單的master-slave搭建和實戰得以生效
本文來自CSDN博客，轉載請標明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/cutesource/archive/2010/07/03/5710645.aspx