mysql> select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839');

為了節(jié)省篇幅，省略了輸出內(nèi)容，下同。

67 rows in set (12.00 sec)

只有67行數(shù)據(jù)返回，卻花了12秒，而系統(tǒng)中可能同時(shí)會(huì)有很多這樣的查詢，系統(tǒng)肯定扛不住。用desc看一下(注：explain也可)

mysql> desc select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839'); 
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+------------+---------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table            | type   | possible_keys   | key   | key_len | ref        | rows    | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+------------+---------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | abc_number_prop  | ALL    | NULL            | NULL  | NULL    | NULL       | 2679838 | Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | abc_number_phone | eq_ref | phone,number_id | phone | 70      | const,func |       1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+------------+---------+--------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

從上面的信息可以看出，在執(zhí)行此查詢時(shí)會(huì)掃描兩百多萬(wàn)行，難道是沒(méi)有創(chuàng)建索引嗎，看一下

mysql> show index from abc_number_phone; 
+------------------+------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table            | Non_unique | Key_name    | Seq_in_index | Column_name     | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+------------------+------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| abc_number_phone |          0 | PRIMARY     |            1 | number_phone_id | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_phone |          0 | phone       |            1 | phone           | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_phone |          0 | phone       |            2 | number_id       | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_phone |          1 | number_id   |            1 | number_id       | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               | 
| abc_number_phone |          1 | created_by  |            1 | created_by      | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_phone |          1 | modified_by |            1 | modified_by     | A         |       36879 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
+------------------+------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
6 rows in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> show index from abc_number_prop; 
+-----------------+------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table           | Non_unique | Key_name    | Seq_in_index | Column_name    | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-----------------+------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| abc_number_prop |          0 | PRIMARY     |            1 | number_prop_id | A         |      311268 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_prop |          1 | number_id   |            1 | number_id      | A         |      311268 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               | 
| abc_number_prop |          1 | created_by  |            1 | created_by     | A         |      311268 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| abc_number_prop |          1 | modified_by |            1 | modified_by    | A         |      311268 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
+-----------------+------------+-------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.15 sec)

從上面的輸出可以看出，這兩張表在number_id字段上創(chuàng)建了索引的。

看看子查詢本身有沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。

mysql> desc select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839'; 
+----+-------------+------------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table            | type | possible_keys | key   | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+------------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | abc_number_phone | ref  | phone         | phone | 66      | const |    6 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+------------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，只需要掃描幾行數(shù)據(jù)，索引起作用了。查詢出來(lái)看看

mysql> select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839'; 
+-----------+
| number_id |
+-----------+
|      8585 |
|     10720 |
|    148644 |
|    151307 |
|    170691 |
|    221897 |
+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

直接把子查詢得到的數(shù)據(jù)放到上面的查詢中

mysql> select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (8585, 10720, 148644, 151307, 170691, 221897);

67 rows in set (0.03 sec)

速度也快，看來(lái)MySQL在處理子查詢的時(shí)候是不夠好。我在MySQL 5.1.42 和 MySQL 5.5.19 都進(jìn)行了嘗試，都有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

搜索了一下網(wǎng)絡(luò)，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人都遇到過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題：

參考資料1：使用連接（JOIN）來(lái)代替子查詢(Sub-Queries) mysql優(yōu)化系列記錄
http://blog.csdn.net/hongsejiaozhu/article/details/1876181
參考資料2：網(wǎng)站開(kāi)發(fā)日記(14)-MYSQL子查詢和嵌套查詢優(yōu)化
http://dodomail.iteye.com/blog/250199

根據(jù)網(wǎng)上這些資料的建議，改用join來(lái)試試。

修改前：select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839');

修改后：select a.* from abc_number_prop a inner join abc_number_phone b on a.number_id = b.number_id where phone = '82306839';

mysql> select a.* from abc_number_prop a inner join abc_number_phone b on a.number_id = b.number_id where phone = '82306839';

67 rows in set (0.00 sec)

效果不錯(cuò)，查詢所用時(shí)間幾乎為0。看一下MySQL是怎么執(zhí)行這個(gè)查詢的

mysql> desc select a.* from abc_number_prop a inner join abc_number_phone b on a.number_id = b.number_id where phone = '82306839'; 
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys   | key       | key_len | ref             | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | b     | ref  | phone,number_id | phone     | 66      | const           |    6 | Using where; Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | ref  | number_id       | number_id | 4       | eap.b.number_id |    3 |                          |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

小結(jié)：當(dāng)子查詢速度慢時(shí)，可用JOIN來(lái)改寫一下該查詢來(lái)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。

網(wǎng)上也有文章說(shuō)，使用JOIN語(yǔ)句的查詢不一定總比使用子查詢的語(yǔ)句快。

參考資料3：改變了對(duì)Mysql子查詢的看法
http://hi.baidu.com/yzx110/blog/item/e694f536f92075360b55a92b.html

正好手頭有本《高性能MySQL》，翻閱了一下，第4.4節(jié)“MySQL查詢優(yōu)化器的限制”4.4.1小節(jié)“關(guān)聯(lián)子查詢”正好講到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

MySQL有時(shí)優(yōu)化子查詢很差，特別是在WHERE從句中的IN()子查詢。像上面我碰到的情況，其實(shí)我的想法是MySQL會(huì)把

select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (select number_id from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839');

變成下面的樣子

select * from abc_number_prop where number_id in (8585, 10720, 148644, 151307, 170691, 221897);

但不幸的是，實(shí)際情況正好相反。MySQL試圖讓它和外面的表產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系來(lái)“幫助”優(yōu)化查詢，它認(rèn)為下面的exists形式更有效率

select * from abc_number_prop where exists (select * from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839' and number_id = abc_number_prop.number_id);

mysql> select * from abc_number_prop where exists (select * from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839' and number_id = abc_number_prop.number_id);

67 rows in set (10.89 sec)

mysql> desc select * from abc_number_prop where exists (select * from abc_number_phone where phone = '82306839' and number_id = abc_number_prop.number_id); 
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+-------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table            | type   | possible_keys   | key   | key_len | ref                                 | rows    | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+-------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | abc_number_prop  | ALL    | NULL            | NULL  | NULL    | NULL                                |2660707 | Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | abc_number_phone | eq_ref | phone,number_id | phone | 70      | const,eap.abc_number_prop.number_id |       1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+--------------------+------------------+--------+-----------------+-------+---------+-------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

這種in子查詢的形式，在外部表（比如上面的abc_number_prop）數(shù)據(jù)量較大的時(shí)候效率是很差的。（如果對(duì)于較小的表，不會(huì)造成顯著地影響）

文中說(shuō)到一種優(yōu)化方式就是，手工將in里面的子查詢查詢出來(lái)，然后再拼裝執(zhí)行 ，這在程序中是可行的。