??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
1、在struts-config.xml文g中添加下列内容:(x)
(tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
<
set
-
property (tng)property
=
"
pathnames
"
(tng)value
=
"
/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,
(tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)/WEB-INF/validation.xml
"
(tng)
/>
</
plug
-
in
>
注意Q这些内容必L?lt;message-resources>元素之后。该规则是由
"
http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd
"文g制定的?br />
2、创建相关的lgQ?br />
Z(jin)实验的目的,我依ơ创?个ActionFormc,一个JSPQ一个Actionc,以下是他们在struts-config.xml中的配置信息Q?br />
(tng)2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-bean (tng)name="DVForm" (tng)type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm">
(tng)3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-property (tng)name="name" (tng)type="java.lang.String" (tng)/>
(tng)4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form-bean>
(tng)5 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-bean (tng)name="DVAForm" (tng)type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorActionForm">
(tng)6 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-property (tng)name="name" (tng)type="java.lang.String" (tng)/>
(tng)7 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form-bean>
(tng)8 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-bean (tng)name="VForm" (tng)type="com.kook.struts.form.HahaForm" (tng)/>
(tng)9 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form-bean (tng)name="VAForm" (tng)type="com.kook.struts.form.HohoForm" (tng)/>
10 (tng) (tng) (tng)</form-beans>
11 (tng)
12 (tng) (tng) (tng)<global-exceptions (tng)/>
13 (tng) (tng) (tng)<global-forwards (tng)/>
14 (tng) (tng) (tng)<action-mappings (tng)>
15 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<
action
16 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)attribute="DVForm"
17 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)input="/form/index.jsp"
18 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)name="DVForm"
19 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)path="/index"
20 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)scope="request"
21 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)type="com.kook.struts.action.IndexAction" (tng)/>
22 (tng) (tng) (tng)</action-mappings>
其中
<form-bean name="VForm" type="com.kook.struts.form.HahaForm" />是ValidatorFormcȝ子类
<form-bean name="VAForm" type="com.kook.struts.form.HohoForm" />是ValidatorActionFormcȝ子类
下面是JSP面代码Q?br />
2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)name (tng): (tng)<html:text (tng)property="name"/><html:errors (tng)property="name"/><br/>
3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<html:submit/>
4 (tng) (tng)</html:form>
5 (tng) (tng)<html:javascript (tng)formName="DVForm"/>
因ؓ(f)只是做表单验证,actioncd以不用涉?qing),因此不列出actioncȝ代码啦!
3、删除name="VForm" 和name="VAForm"的ActionForm中的validateҎ(gu)?br />
因ؓ(f)q两个类不是动态的验证c,在用向导生成代码的时候会(x)自动覆盖父类的validateҎ(gu)。如果不删除的话Q根据类的多态性原理,?x)调用他们生成的validateҎ(gu)Q而不调用他们父类的该Ҏ(gu)。但是,实际上,是他们父cȝvalidateҎ(gu)调用?jin)validator框架的验证方法,因此我们没有必要再去重写他的q个Ҏ(gu)。同时也要记得删除,因ؓ(f)向导生成的是I实玎ͼ不删除的话,起不到验证作用。切记切讎ͼQ!曄在这吃啊担子_(d)Q?
观察以上代码不难发现Q表单中只有一个文本框Q因此实验也是对q个文本框进行验证?br />
4、创定义的验证文件validation.xmlQ主要内容如下所C:(x)
(tng)2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<formset>
(tng)3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form (tng)name="DVForm">
(tng)4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<field (tng)property="name" (tng)depends="required">
(tng)5 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
(tng)6 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<arg0 (tng)name="required" (tng)key="lable.name"/>
(tng)7 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</field>
(tng)8 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form>
(tng)9 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</formset>
10 (tng)</form-validation>
其中key="lable.name
"在资源文件中对应的内容ؓ(f)Qlable.name=nameQ因此,当文本框中没有输入Q何信息而提交的时候,会(x)反馈一条name is required.的信息?br />
下面开始实验,
实验的目的是Q依ơ?U验证Form来实现表单的验证功能Q?br />他们分别是:(x)DynaValidatorFormQDynaValidatorActionFormQValidatorFormQValidatorActionForm。这也是前面Z么要创徏4个ActionForm的目的,详细配置信息见前面struts-config.xml
而JSP面只有一个,是配置文g中的input="/form/index.jsp
"
实验一Q由DynaValidatorForm的子cDVForm来验?br />
validation.xml的内容ؓ(f)Q?br />
(tng)2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<formset>
(tng)3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form (tng)name="DVForm">
(tng)4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<field (tng)property="name" (tng)depends="required">
(tng)5 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
(tng)6 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<arg0 (tng)name="required" (tng)key="lable.name"/>
(tng)7 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</field>
(tng)8 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form>
(tng)9 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</formset>
10 (tng)</form-validation>
struts-config.xml的内容ؓ(f)Q?br />
16 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)attribute="DVForm"
17 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)input="/form/index.jsp"
18 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)name="DVForm"
19 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)path="/index"
20 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)scope="request"
21 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)type="com.kook.struts.action.IndexAction" (tng)/>
22 (tng) (tng) (tng)</action-mappings>
/form/index.jsp的主要内容ؓ(f)Q?br />
2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<html:form (tng)action="/index" (tng)onsubmit="return (tng)validateDVForm(this)">
<
html:javascript (tng)formName
=
"
DVForm
"
/>的formName属性对应的是进行验证的ActionForm的name属性?font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">onsubmit="return (tng)validateDVForm(this)"为固定写法,格式为:(x)onsubmit="return (tng)validateXXX(this)"QXXX为Form的name属性,其中首字母大写就可以?jin)?br />
实验二:(x)
由ValidatorForm的子cVForm来验?br />
他的配置信息只需要将实验一中底色ؓ(f)黄色高(sh)部分的DVForm换成VForm可以了(jin)Q他们的区别只在于一个是动态的Q一个是非动态的?br />
实验?由DynaValidatorActionForm的子cDVAForm来验?br />
该实验的配置信息只需要将实验一struts-config.xml中底色ؓ(f)黄色高(sh)部分的DVForm换成DVAForm可以了(jin)Q其ơ是修改validation.xml的内?具体如下Q?br />
2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<formset>
3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form (tng)name="/index">
4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<field (tng)property="name" (tng)depends="required">
5 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<arg0 (tng)name="required" (tng)key="lable.name"/>
6 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</field>
7 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form>
8 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</formset>
9 (tng)</form-validation>
区别?font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00"><form (tng)name="/index">中的name属性不再对应的是验证Form的name属性,而是其相对的actioncȝpath属?br />
实验四:(x)由ValidatorActionForm的子cVAForm来验?br />
与实验三一P换掉struts-config.xml中底色ؓ(f)黄色高(sh)部分的DVAForm换成VAForm可以了(jin)Qvalidation.xml文g中的内容与实验三保持一_(d)<form (tng)name="/index">中的name属性不再对应的是验证Form的name属性,而是其相对的actioncȝpath属性?br />
不过用DynaValidatorActionForm和ValidatorActionForm的时候好象不能用客L(fng)验证Q只能用服务器端验证。还得有高手指点Q因此前台JSP面得改成:(x)
2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)name (tng): (tng)<html:text (tng)property="name"/><html:errors (tng)property="name"/><br/>
3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<html:submit/>
4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</html:form>
下面来介l一下validation.xml文g中的一些元素信息:(x)
1?lt;global>中定义的<constant>?lt;formset>中定义的<constant>
前者表C在全局范围内定义常量,可以在validation.xml文g中的其他<formset>中访问。访问格式ؓ(f)${constantName}
后者表C局部的帔R定义Q只能在声明他的<formset>中用?br />
2?lt;field>元素中的几个子元素:(x)
<!ELEMENT field (msg|arg|arg0|arg1|arg2|arg3|var)*>
也就是说他的所有子元素都可以是0-n个,q一点和孙卫琴的书有出入Q以此ؓ(f)准?br />
msg元素
<msg name="" key="" bundle="" resource=""/>
nameQ表C验证规则的逻辑名;
keyQ对应资源文件中的keyQ?br />bundleQ指定从哪个资源文g获取key|~省时ؓ(f)默认的资源文Ӟ
resourceQؓ(f)true是表CZ资源文g中获取key属性对应的信息Qؓ(f)false时表C直接显Ckey属性的内容Q和资源文g无关。缺省ؓ(f)true?br />
Strust框架中指定了(jin)一些常用规则的对应文本Q验证框枉认是从这些对应的文本中读取信息。但是我们可以通过指定msg元素来从自定义的资源文g或者是key中来获取消息?br />
arg.....元素用来指定复合文本中的参数Q依ơ对应。他们的属性和msg的属性很怼Q用法也是一L(fng)?br />
var元素
(tng)2 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<form (tng)name="/index">
(tng)3 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<field (tng)property="name" (tng)depends="required">
(tng)4 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<arg0 (tng)name="required" (tng)key="${var:required}" (tng)resource="false"/>
(tng)5 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<var>
(tng)6 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<var-name>required</var-name>
(tng)7 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)<var-value>xx</var-value>
(tng)8 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</var>
(tng)9 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</field>
10 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</form>
11 (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)</formset>
如果执行?jin)该验证的话Q输出的l果为:(x)xx is required.
]]>
一?/span>
如何获得
ApplicationResources.properties
中的信息
1
、获得默认的资源文g
2
、获得默认的资源文g
3
、获得指?span lang="EN-US">key的资源文?/font>
(tng)
其实Ҏ(gu)一本质上就是调用方法二来获?/span>
MessageResources
的实例?span lang="EN-US">
首先获得一个封装了(jin)
ApplicationResources.properties
信息
的对?/span>
MessageResources
的实?span lang="EN-US">messagesQ然后调?span lang="EN-US">getMessage(key);来获?span lang="EN-US">key的?span lang="EN-US">
二?/span>
如何打包发布一?span lang="EN-US">WEB应用
?span lang="EN-US">DOC下{到应用的根目录执?span lang="EN-US">jar cvf appName.war *.*
三?/span>
如何?span lang="EN-US">formbean下验证表?span lang="EN-US">
?span lang="EN-US">inputJSP中用
<html:errors/>
获取q显C?span lang="EN-US">
四?/span>
?span lang="EN-US">action下处理业务逻辑时返回的错误信息
同样在相应的JSP面中用?lt;html:errors/>
获取q显C?br />
(tng)
五?/span>
JSP
中如何访?span lang="EN-US">action
1 ?br />
(tng)
2
、自动蟩?br />
(tng) (tng) (tng)
A_JSP
面Q?span lang="EN-US">
B_struts-config.xml
讄Q?br />
六?/font>
配置错误面和异帔R面:(x)《精?span lang="EN-US">Struts?/font>
page_75
七?/font>
如何?span lang="EN-US">Web应用中访?span lang="EN-US">Locale对象
1
、什么是LocaleQ?br />
java.util.Locale
cȝ实例代表一U特定的语言环境和地?br />
2
如何获得LocaleQ?span lang="EN-US">
̔ (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
构造函?span lang="EN-US">
̔ (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
讉Kjava.util.Localecȝ?rn)态常量来获得常用?/span>
Locale
实例
̔ (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) 通过HttpServletRequest对象来获得客L(fng)?span lang="EN-US">Locale
(tng)
̔ (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng) (tng)
通过HttpSession对象来获?span lang="EN-US">Locale
获得Locale的方法还有很多,其实?span lang="EN-US">Web应用中,很多获得Locale的方法都是不同程度的或者是直接的或者是间接在调?/span>
request.getLocale();
Ҏ(gu)。因此有?/span>
HttpServletRequest
Q我们可以做很多事情?span lang="EN-US">
在ActionMessages中包含着一个HashMapQ其中的key是addҎ(gu)的property参数Q然而他的值对应的是一个ActionMessageItem,ActionMessageItem是该cȝ一个内部类Q当中包含了(jin)一个ArrayList?br />由此可见Q一个property中可以包含着多个ActionMessage,q些ActionMessage都将保存在ActionMessageItem的ArrayList中?br />
每次d新的ActionMessage中,ActionMessagescM(x)判断HashMap中的get(property)是否存在Q如果存在的话,p得该list (tng)= (tng)item.getList();q把ActionMessaged到其中。如果不存在Q就?x)创Z个新的list (tng)= (tng)new
(tng)ArrayList();
再将内容d到当中去。ȝ来说QActionMessages是一个保存(sh)息的容器。通常ActionMessages是不?x)单独用的Q和他相关的一些Strutslg?x)对其进行访问和操作Q?br />
<html:errors>标签
<html:errors>标签是一个StrutslgQ他的内部标{对ActionMessagescȝ子类ActionErrorsq行讉K。通过在request和session中找到ActionErrors来获得相关信息。在此之前,先来?jin)解?lt;html:errors>标签的几个重要属性:(x)
name属性:(x)
指定ActionMessages在request和session范围内的属性key.默认gؓ(f)Globals.ERROR_KEY。由此我们可以了(jin)解到Struts是如此保存和获取ActionMessages的:(x)
保存Q?br />ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
request.setAttribute(Globals.ERROR_KEY ,errors);或?br />
session.setAttribute(Globals.ERROR_KEY ,errors);
获取Q?br />ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
errors = (ActionErrors)request.getAttribute(Globals.ERROR_KEY);或?br />
errors = (ActionErrors)session.getAttribute(Globals.ERROR_KEY);或?br />
该属性通常我们不用讄和更改他Q用默认值就可以啦?br />
property属性:(x)
用来指定消息的属性,如果不设|该属性,那么<html:errors>标签显CActionMessages中的所有属性。如果设|了(jin)该属性,则只昄HashMap中Key为property属性值的ArrayList集合。通常Q我们在调用ActionMessages的addҎ(gu)Ӟ?x)指定addҎ(gu)的property参数Q也是W一个参敎ͼ相关信息添加到指定的property对应的ArrayList中。那么我们要昄相关信息Ӟ可以指定输?lt;html:errors>标签的property属性对应的ArrayListQ这两个property是相互对应的?br />
bundle属性:(x)
指定资源文g的key属性。缺省的情况下调用的是默认的资源文gApplication.properties?br />如在struts-config.xml中声明的资源文g信息如下Q?/font>
对应的addҎ(gu)如下Q?/font>
new (tng)ActionMessage( " kong " )对应在key="en"的资源文件中为:(x)
JSP中的<html:errors>标签Q?/font>
q时候将?x)输出key="en"的资源文件中?kong"对应的信息:(x)bu neng wei kong
<html:messages>标签
<html:messages>标签是用来在JSP面上输Z条消息的。通常我们在做d数据的时候,如果d成功Q通常?x)在前台面反馈l用户一条“添加成功”的信息Q这时候我们就可以用到q个标签?br />
name属性:(x)
是指ActionMessages对象保存在request或session中的属性keyQ即request.setAttribute("heihei", messages);中的W一个参数?br />
message属性:(x)如果为trueQ表C是从request或session中取得key为Globals.MESSAGE_KEY的ActionMessages对象Q此时该标签讄的name属性的无效的。如果ؓ(f)falseQ表CZ该标{name属性来获得request或session的key倹{缺省值就为false?br />
id属性:(x)q个属性就不说?jin),(g)索出ActionMessages集合中单个对象的标识Q他?lt;logic:iterate>的id是同一个意思?br />
实验:(x)
在action中的executeҎ(gu)中添加如下代码:(x)
表示往ActionMessages对象中添加一条信?span style="COLOR: #0000ff">new (tng)ActionMessage("haha",false)Qƈ保存在request当中this.saveMessages(request, (tng)messages); (tng) (tng)那么在这个方法中Q他是如何保存ActionMessage对象的呢Q下面是 (tng)saveMessages (tng)Ҏ(gu)的源代码Q?/span>
观察q段代码不难发现Q他是将ActionMessages存放在key为Globals.MESSAGE_KEY当中的,因此我们在调用ActionMessages的addҎ(gu)Ӟ他的property参数QaddҎ(gu)的第一个参敎ͼ(j)没有必要让我们自己L动指定了(jin)Q因ZZ指定什么参敎ͼ只要调用?jin)saveMessagesҎ(gu)Q这是前提)(j)Q他只会(x)信息保存在固定的常量key中?br />q时前台的hello.jsp面的显CZ码ؓ(f)Q?/p>
上面代码讄?jin)message属性,表示从Globals.MESSAGE_KEY中获取信息,前面也有提到Q此时指定name属性是无效的?br />
那如果我惛_昄我自己指定的信息怎么办呢Q?br />
我们可以不用saveMessagesҎ(gu)而用最原始的办法,通常最原始的办法也是最有效?Struts其实是封装了(jin)许多最原始的实现。我们先action中的代码改ؓ(f)Q?/p>
然后在JSP面中指定name属性,而将message设ؓ(f)false可以了(jin)Q?/p>
q里是直接省略了(jin)message属性,因ؓ(f)他的~省值就是false。这样就可以辑ֈ输出自己指定属性的信息啦!
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