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<p><span style="font-family: 宋体">动è¯�åQ?/span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 10.5pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体">首先我们æ�¥æ�žæ˜Žç™½ä¸€ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œæ‹¿æ�¥ä¸€ä¸ªè¯�怎样判定是一个动è¯�，˜q™å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯ä¸ªå¾ˆ½Ž€å�•çš„问题åQŒä½†å¯¹äºŽä¸�是¿U‘ç�­å‡ø™ín的自学者æ�¥è¯ß_¼Œ˜q™å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯ä»–们没有去考虑˜q‡çš„问题åQŒå�ªæ˜¯èƒŒå�•è¯�。笔者我也是一个自学者，目å‰�æ°´åã^也是很烂åQŒä»Šæ—¥æ­£å¥½æ”¾å�‡åœ¨å®Óž¼Œæ— è�Šä¹‹ä¸‹</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体">把日文è¯�性的问题</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体">é‡�æ–°çš„å¤�习一ä¸?/span> <span style="font-family: 宋体">希望看到˜q™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« çš„朋å�?/span> <span style="font-family: 宋体">能够和我一起分享，</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体">好了åQŒè¨€å½’正传å�§ã€?/span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 10.5pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体">其实判断一个è¯�是å�¦ä¸ºåŠ¨è¯�，¼‹®å®žå¾ˆç®€å�•ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬éƒ½æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªé€šç—…åQŒæœ«ž®ùNƒ½ä¸?/span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">ŒDµå�‡å��，ä¸ÞZ»€ä¹ˆå‘¢åQŒå˜¿å˜?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">½W”者目å‰�也没æ�žæ˜Žç™½ä¸ÞZ»€ä¹ˆä¼š˜q™æ ·ã€?/span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 10.5pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体">动è¯�å�?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">åˆ?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">åQšä¸€ŒDµåŠ¨è¯?/span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">　　</span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã‚?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">å�˜åŠ¨è¯?/span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">　　</span><span style="font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã‚?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">å�˜åŠ¨è¯?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 52.5pt; text-indent: -52.5pt"><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 宋体">一ŒDµåŠ¨è¯�：</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">首è¦�æ�¡äšgä¸?span style="color: black">è¯�尾一定是「るã€�，其次æ�¡äšg「るã€�å‰�é�¢çš„é�žæ±‰å­—上的å�‡å��äؓ「ã�„ã€�段或「ã�ˆã€�段å�‡å��åQˆç”±æ­¤åˆ†ä¸ÞZ¸Šä¸€ŒDµåŠ¨è¯�和下一ŒDµåŠ¨è¯�，ä¸�过两者活用è“væ�¥æ— ä»ÖM½•ä¸�å�ŒåQŒæ‰€ä»¥å�¯ä»¥å¿½ç•¥ã€‚）åQŒå¦‚「ã�§ã��ã‚‹ã€�ã€�「教ã�ˆã‚‹ã€�ã€?/span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�åQ?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">å�ªè¦�ä¸�满­‘³ä»¥ä¸Šä¸€ŒDµåŠ¨è¯�两个æ�¡ä»¶çš„ä»ÀL„�一个，å�›_�¯åˆ¤å®šã€‚如「出ã�™ã€�ã€�「分ã�‹ã‚‹ã€�ã€?/span></p>
<p><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã‚?/span><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 宋体">å�˜åŠ¨è¯�：</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">æ�¥ã‚‹</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ž®Þp¿™ä¸€ä¸ªè¯�</span><span style="color: black">,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">别多想了åQŒçŽ°åœ¨å°±æŠŠå®ƒèƒŒä¸‹æ�¥ã€?/span></p>
<p><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã‚?/span><span style="color: fuchsia; font-family: 宋体">å�˜åŠ¨è¯?/span><span style="font-family: 宋体">åQšå¤§å¤šæœ«ž®¾æ˜¯<span style="color: black">「ã�™ã‚‹ã€?/span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">如「勉强ã�™ã‚‹ã€�ã€�「扫除ã�™ã‚‹ã€�ã€?/span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体">å†�次åQ?strong><span style="background: #ffff66">动è¯�</span></strong>分äØ“&#8220;他动è¯?#8221;å’?#8220;自动è¯?#8221;两大¾c»ï¼ˆå�Œä¸€æ„�æ€�çš„è¯�的自动è¯�与他动è¯�ç¨�有ä¸�å�Œï¼‰åQšä»–动è¯�æ��è¿°å¯ÒŽŸ�一事物所˜q›è¡Œçš„ä�h为动作，动作助è¯�用「をã€�。一般译ä¸?#8220;把什么东西怎么æ ?#8221;ã€?span style="color: black">自动è¯�æ��˜q°æŸ�一事物存在方å¼�åQŒåŠ¨ä½œåŠ©è¯�用「ã�Œã€�ã€?/span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">一般译ä¸?#8220;什么东西怎样ç�€&#8221;ã€?/span></p>
<p><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">最å�Žï¼ŒåŠ¨è¯�也有½Ž€ä½“ã€�敬体之分ã€?/span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">下�我们�了解一下动�活用：</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 31.6pt; text-indent: -31.6pt"><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 宋体">¾lˆæ­¢å½?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; background: yellow; color: black">/</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 宋体">基本åž?/span></strong><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体">åQšå…¶å®žå°±æ˜¯åŠ¨è¯�的基本型也ž®±æ˜¯åŽŸåž‹åQŒåŠ¨è¯�çš„</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�¾ã�™</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体">型也属于¾lˆæ­¢åž‹ï¼Œå…¶äØ“¾lˆæ­¢åž‹çš„敬语表达形å¼�</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.9pt; text-indent: -36.9pt"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.9pt; text-indent: -36.9pt"><strong><span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 宋体">未然å½?/span></strong><strong><span style="background: yellow; color: black">/</span></strong><strong><span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�ªã�„</span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">åQšå¼€å§‹æˆ‘也æ�žä¸�清楚什么东东，å�Žæ�¥ä¸€æŸ¥èµ„æ–™æ‰�知é�“其实ž®±æ˜¯åŠ¨è¯�的简体å�¦å®šåÅžå¼�（动è¯�</span><span style="color: black"> + </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�ªã�„</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">é‚£ç§�åQ?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">食ã�¹ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　食ã�¹ã�ªã�„　</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">å�¸ã�†ã€€åQ�　å�¸ã‚�ã�ªã�„</span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">末尾å�?/span><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ŒDµåŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�ªã�„</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�—ã�ªã�?/span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 36.9pt; text-indent: -36.9pt"><strong><span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 宋体">˜qžç”¨å½?/span></strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">åQšè¿žæŽ¥ç”¨­a€çš„一¿U�åÅžå¼�，你å�¯èƒ½è¦�问什么是用言åQ?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">动è¯�</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">ã€?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">形容è¯?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">ã€?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">形容动è¯�</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">çš„æ€È�§°</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">,</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">å�«å�š</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #c60a00; font-family: 宋体">用言</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">。所è°?span style="color: #c60a00">用言</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">,</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">ž®±æ˜¯æœ?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">‹zÈ�”¨</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">的独立å“�è¯�ã€?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">它用æ�¥è¡¨½CÞZº‹ç‰©çš„动作åQŒå­˜åœ¨ç­‰çŠ¶æ€�，其实ž®±æ˜¯æˆ‘们课文中常常出现的</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�¾ã�™</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">型，</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体">åQšã€Œã�¾ã�™ã€�å�ªæ˜¯ä¸€èˆ¬æ•¬è¯­çš„½W¦å�·åQŒå�ªç”¨åŠ¨è¯�原形亦å�¯è¡¨è¾¾è¯¥åŠ¨è¯�æ„�æ€�。å�¦å®šæ—¶åœ¨ã€Œã�¾ã�™ã€�上å�¦ï¼Œå�˜äؓ「ã�¾ã�›ã‚“ã€�，实äؓ未然形的敬体ã€?/span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 31.5pt"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体">比较婉è�{的命令åÅžå¼�äØ“</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�¦ã��れ　</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black">/ </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�ªã�„ã�§ã��れ　　</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体">å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å�šæ˜?/span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�¦ã��ã� ã�•ã�?/span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black">/ </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�ªã�„ã�§ã��ã� ã�•ã�?/span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: 宋体">æ„�å¿—å½?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: Arial">:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">表示从现在è“v惌™¦�å�šæŸ�事的æ„�æ€?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">,</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">相当于汉语的</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">"</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">è¦?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">,</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">打算</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial">".</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">之å‰�的动è¯?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">大多</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">用æ„�å¿—åÅž</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">食ã�¹ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　食ã�¹ã‚ˆã�†ã€€</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">一ŒD늛´æŽ¥åŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">よã�†</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">å�¸ã�†ã€€åQ�　å�¸ã�Šã�?/span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">末尾å�?/span><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ŒDµåŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�—よã�?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">æ�¥ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　æ�¥ã‚ˆã�†ã€€åQˆã�“よã�†åQ?/span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: 宋体">å�¯èƒ½åž?/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: Arial">:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">表示动è¯�çš„å�¯èƒ½åÅžå¼?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">食ã�¹ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　食ã�¹ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€€</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">一ŒD늛´æŽ¥åŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">られã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">å�¸ã�†ã€€åQ�　å�¸ã�ˆã‚?/span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">末尾å�?/span><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ŒDµåŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�§ã��ã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">æ�¥ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　æ�¥ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€€åQˆã�“られる）</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">å�¯èƒ½åŠ¨è¯�è¦�用</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">˜qžæŽ¥</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: 宋体">被动�/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: Arial">:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">被动的表达方�/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">食ã�¹ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　食ã�¹ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€€</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">一ŒD늛´æŽ¥åŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">られã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">å�¸ã�†ã€€åQ�　å�¸ã‚�れる</span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">末尾å�?/span><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ŒDµåŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">れる</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�•ã‚Œã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">æ�¥ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　æ�¥ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€€åQˆã�“られる）</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: 宋体">使役�/span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: Arial">:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">使�人��事</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">食ã�¹ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　食ã�¹ã�•ã�›ã‚‹ã€€</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">一ŒD늛´æŽ¥åŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�•ã�›ã‚?/span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">å�¸ã�†ã€€åQ�　å�¸ã‚�ã�›ã‚‹</span><span style="color: black">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">五段动è¯�</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">末尾å�?/span><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�?/span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体">ŒDµåŠ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�›ã‚‹</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�•ã�›ã‚?/span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 36.75pt"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">ã�™ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　ã�•ã�›ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚?/span></p>
<p><span style="color: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Mincho'">æ�¥ã‚‹ã€€åQ�　æ�¥ã�•ã�›ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹åQˆã�“ã�•ã�›ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ï¼‰</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; font-family: 宋体">推é‡�è¯?/span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体">åQšè¡¨½CºåŠ�è¯Þqš„一¿U�åÅžå¼?/span></p>
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