Hibernate提供客戶化映射類型接口,使用戶能以編程方式創(chuàng)建自定義的映射類型來將持久化類任意類型的屬性映射到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。使用客戶化映射類型,需要實現(xiàn)org.hibernate.usertype.UserType接口。這是個強大的功能,也是Hibernate的最佳實踐之一。我們經常提到ORM中很困難的一點便是O的屬性和R的屬性不能一一映射,而Hibernate提供的UserType無疑給出了一個很好的解決方案。本文給出使用客戶化映射類型的兩個例子,算是對Hibernate初學者的拋磚。
第一個例子是使用UserType映射枚舉類型。假設Account表中含有一sex列,類型為tinyint(當前其0代表男,1代表女,將來可能出現(xiàn)2等代表其他性別類型);我們當然可以在對應的Account類中添加int類型的sex屬性,但這種數(shù)字化無顯示意義且類型不安全的枚舉不是很好的解決方式,這里就采用了java5的enum來作為Account類的性別屬性(如果不熟悉java5的enum,也可采用《effective java》中提到的經典的類型安全的枚舉方案)。在Account添加enum Gender:
接下來定義實現(xiàn)UserType接口的GenderUserType:
最后在Account的配置文件中配置gender屬性就好了:
<property name="gender" type="org.prague.domain.util.GenderUserType" column="sex"></property>
除了可以使用 UserType映射枚舉類型,也可以使用Hibernate的PersistentEnum來實現(xiàn)同樣的功能,感興趣的朋友可以參考文章http://www.hibernate.org/203.html。
第二個例子是關于email的。假設Account表中email是一個varchar型的字段,而Account中的Email是如下的類:
這樣的情況下,需要將email的username + '@' + domain映射到Account表的email列,定義一個EmailUserType如下:
最后配置下 email 屬性:
<property name="email" type="org.prague.domain.util.EmailUserType" column="email"></property>
相比于Gedner,Email是一個可變類(如果想將其變?yōu)椴豢勺冾悾恍枰サ魧傩缘膕et方法),因此EmailUserType中的equals要用到Email的equals(hashCode())方法,而deepCopy(Object o) 要做到是深拷貝,否則即便Email屬性內容改變,由于Hibernate緩存中的快照指向的對象不變,在update時可能不起作用(在指定了dynamic-update屬性的清況下)。
第一個例子是使用UserType映射枚舉類型。假設Account表中含有一sex列,類型為tinyint(當前其0代表男,1代表女,將來可能出現(xiàn)2等代表其他性別類型);我們當然可以在對應的Account類中添加int類型的sex屬性,但這種數(shù)字化無顯示意義且類型不安全的枚舉不是很好的解決方式,這里就采用了java5的enum來作為Account類的性別屬性(如果不熟悉java5的enum,也可采用《effective java》中提到的經典的類型安全的枚舉方案)。在Account添加enum Gender:
public class Account extends AbstractDomain<Long>{
public enum Gender{
Male("male",0),
Female("female",1);
private String name;
private int value;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
private Gender(String name,int value){
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public static Gender getGender(int value){
if(0 == value)return Male;
else if(1 == value)return Female;
else throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
private Gender gender;
public Gender getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Gender gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
//省略其他
}
public enum Gender{
Male("male",0),
Female("female",1);
private String name;
private int value;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
private Gender(String name,int value){
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public static Gender getGender(int value){
if(0 == value)return Male;
else if(1 == value)return Female;
else throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
private Gender gender;
public Gender getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Gender gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
//省略其他
}
接下來定義實現(xiàn)UserType接口的GenderUserType:
public class GenderUserType implements UserType{
public Object assemble(Serializable arg0, Object arg1) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 這是用于Hibernate緩存生成的快照,由于Gender是不可變的,直接返回就好了。
*/
public Object deepCopy(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return arg0;
}
public Serializable disassemble(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 由于Gender是不可變的,因此直接==了,這個方法將在insert、update時用到。
*/
public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {
return x == y;
}
public int hashCode(Object o) throws HibernateException {
return o.hashCode();
}
/*
* 表明Gender是不是可變類(很重要的概念哦),這里的Gender由于是枚舉所以是不可變的
*/
public boolean isMutable() {
return false;
}
/*
* 從ResultSet讀取sex并返回Gender實例,這個方法是在從數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢數(shù)據(jù)時用到。
*/
public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object owner) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
int value = rs.getInt(names[0]);
return Account.Gender.getGender(value);
}
/*
* 將Gender的value設置到PreparedStatement。
*/
public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement ps, Object value, int index) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
if(value == null){
ps.setInt(index,Account.Gender.Male.getValue());
}else{
ps.setInt(index,((Account.Gender)value).getValue());
}
}
public Object replace(Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 設置映射的Gender類
*/
public Class returnedClass() {
return Account.Gender.class;
}
/*
* 設置Gender枚舉中的value屬性對應的Account表中的sex列的SQL類型
*/
public int[] sqlTypes() {
int[] typeList = {Types.TINYINT};
return typeList;
}
}
public Object assemble(Serializable arg0, Object arg1) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 這是用于Hibernate緩存生成的快照,由于Gender是不可變的,直接返回就好了。
*/
public Object deepCopy(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return arg0;
}
public Serializable disassemble(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 由于Gender是不可變的,因此直接==了,這個方法將在insert、update時用到。
*/
public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {
return x == y;
}
public int hashCode(Object o) throws HibernateException {
return o.hashCode();
}
/*
* 表明Gender是不是可變類(很重要的概念哦),這里的Gender由于是枚舉所以是不可變的
*/
public boolean isMutable() {
return false;
}
/*
* 從ResultSet讀取sex并返回Gender實例,這個方法是在從數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢數(shù)據(jù)時用到。
*/
public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object owner) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
int value = rs.getInt(names[0]);
return Account.Gender.getGender(value);
}
/*
* 將Gender的value設置到PreparedStatement。
*/
public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement ps, Object value, int index) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
if(value == null){
ps.setInt(index,Account.Gender.Male.getValue());
}else{
ps.setInt(index,((Account.Gender)value).getValue());
}
}
public Object replace(Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
/*
* 設置映射的Gender類
*/
public Class returnedClass() {
return Account.Gender.class;
}
/*
* 設置Gender枚舉中的value屬性對應的Account表中的sex列的SQL類型
*/
public int[] sqlTypes() {
int[] typeList = {Types.TINYINT};
return typeList;
}
}
最后在Account的配置文件中配置gender屬性就好了:
<property name="gender" type="org.prague.domain.util.GenderUserType" column="sex"></property>
除了可以使用 UserType映射枚舉類型,也可以使用Hibernate的PersistentEnum來實現(xiàn)同樣的功能,感興趣的朋友可以參考文章http://www.hibernate.org/203.html。
第二個例子是關于email的。假設Account表中email是一個varchar型的字段,而Account中的Email是如下的類:
public class Email {
String username;
String domain;
public Email() {
}
public Email(String username, String domain) {
this.username = username;
this.domain = domain;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public String getDomain() {
return domain;
}
public void setDomain(String domain) {
this.domain = domain;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String toString() {
return username + '@' + domain;
}
public static Email parse(String email) {
Email e = new Email();
int at = email.indexOf('@');
if (at == -1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid email address");
}
e.username = email.substring(0, at);
e.domain = email.substring(at + 1);
return e;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 31;
int result = 1;
result = PRIME * result + ((domain == null) ? 0 : domain.hashCode());
result = PRIME * result + ((username == null) ? 0 : username.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) return true;
if(null == obj)return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
final Email other = (Email) obj;
if (domain == null) {
if (other.domain != null)
return false;
} else if (!domain.equals(other.domain))
return false;
if (username == null) {
if (other.username != null)
return false;
} else if (!username.equals(other.username))
return false;
return true;
}
}
email是Account類的一個屬性:
public class Account extends AbstractDomain<Long>{
private Email email;
public Email getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(Email email) {
this.email = email;
}
//省略其他
}
String username;
String domain;
public Email() {
}
public Email(String username, String domain) {
this.username = username;
this.domain = domain;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public String getDomain() {
return domain;
}
public void setDomain(String domain) {
this.domain = domain;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String toString() {
return username + '@' + domain;
}
public static Email parse(String email) {
Email e = new Email();
int at = email.indexOf('@');
if (at == -1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid email address");
}
e.username = email.substring(0, at);
e.domain = email.substring(at + 1);
return e;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 31;
int result = 1;
result = PRIME * result + ((domain == null) ? 0 : domain.hashCode());
result = PRIME * result + ((username == null) ? 0 : username.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) return true;
if(null == obj)return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
final Email other = (Email) obj;
if (domain == null) {
if (other.domain != null)
return false;
} else if (!domain.equals(other.domain))
return false;
if (username == null) {
if (other.username != null)
return false;
} else if (!username.equals(other.username))
return false;
return true;
}
}
email是Account類的一個屬性:
public class Account extends AbstractDomain<Long>{
private Email email;
public Email getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(Email email) {
this.email = email;
}
//省略其他
}
這樣的情況下,需要將email的username + '@' + domain映射到Account表的email列,定義一個EmailUserType如下:
public class EmailUserType implements UserType{
public Object assemble(Serializable arg0, Object arg1) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public Object deepCopy(Object o) throws HibernateException {
if(null == o)return null;
Email e = (Email)o;
return new Email(e.getUsername(),e.getDomain());
}
public Serializable disassemble(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {
if(x == y)return true;
if(x == null || y == null)return false;
boolean f = x.equals(y);
return f;
}
public int hashCode(Object o) throws HibernateException {
return o.hashCode();
}
public boolean isMutable() {
return true;
}
public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object o) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
String email = rs.getString(names[0]);
if(email == null)return null;
int index = email.indexOf("@");
if(index < 0)throw new RuntimeException();
return new Email(email.substring(0,index),email.substring(index+1));
}
public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement ps, Object o, int index) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
if(o == null )ps.setNull(index, Types.VARCHAR);
else{
Email e = (Email)o;
if(e.getDomain() == null || e.getUsername() == null)ps.setNull(index, Types.VARCHAR);
else{
String email = e.getUsername() + "@" + e.getDomain();
ps.setString(index, email);
}
}
}
public Object replace(Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public Class returnedClass() {
return Email.class;
}
public int[] sqlTypes() {
int[] typeList = {Types.VARCHAR};
return typeList;
}
}
public Object assemble(Serializable arg0, Object arg1) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public Object deepCopy(Object o) throws HibernateException {
if(null == o)return null;
Email e = (Email)o;
return new Email(e.getUsername(),e.getDomain());
}
public Serializable disassemble(Object arg0) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public boolean equals(Object x, Object y) throws HibernateException {
if(x == y)return true;
if(x == null || y == null)return false;
boolean f = x.equals(y);
return f;
}
public int hashCode(Object o) throws HibernateException {
return o.hashCode();
}
public boolean isMutable() {
return true;
}
public Object nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, String[] names, Object o) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
String email = rs.getString(names[0]);
if(email == null)return null;
int index = email.indexOf("@");
if(index < 0)throw new RuntimeException();
return new Email(email.substring(0,index),email.substring(index+1));
}
public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement ps, Object o, int index) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
if(o == null )ps.setNull(index, Types.VARCHAR);
else{
Email e = (Email)o;
if(e.getDomain() == null || e.getUsername() == null)ps.setNull(index, Types.VARCHAR);
else{
String email = e.getUsername() + "@" + e.getDomain();
ps.setString(index, email);
}
}
}
public Object replace(Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2) throws HibernateException {
return null;
}
public Class returnedClass() {
return Email.class;
}
public int[] sqlTypes() {
int[] typeList = {Types.VARCHAR};
return typeList;
}
}
最后配置下 email 屬性:
<property name="email" type="org.prague.domain.util.EmailUserType" column="email"></property>
相比于Gedner,Email是一個可變類(如果想將其變?yōu)椴豢勺冾悾恍枰サ魧傩缘膕et方法),因此EmailUserType中的equals要用到Email的equals(hashCode())方法,而deepCopy(Object o) 要做到是深拷貝,否則即便Email屬性內容改變,由于Hibernate緩存中的快照指向的對象不變,在update時可能不起作用(在指定了dynamic-update屬性的清況下)。