$!內(nèi)容:
一,Log4J配置文件的學(xué)習(xí)
二,Log4J數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
三,Log4J封裝
一,Log4J配置文件學(xué)習(xí):
Log4j支持兩種配置文件格式,一種是XML格式的文件,一種是Java特性文件(鍵=值).
下面我們首先介紹使用Java特性文件做為配置文件的方法:
分析一個(gè)配置文件log4j.properties
log4j.rootCategory=debug, stdout, R
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
# Pattern to output the caller's file name and line number.
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n
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log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.R.File=example.log
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=100KB
# Keep one backup file
log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=1
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%p %t %c - %m%n
說(shuō)明:
①log4j.rootCategory = [ level ] , appenderName, appenderName,
其中,level 是日志記錄的優(yōu)先級(jí),分為OFF,FATAL,ERROR,WA R N,INFO,DEBUG,
ALL或者您定義的級(jí)別.Log4j建議只使用四個(gè)級(jí)別,優(yōu)先級(jí)從高到低分別是ERROR,
WA R N,INFO,DEBUG.通過(guò)在這里定義的級(jí)別,您可以控制到應(yīng)用程序中相應(yīng)級(jí)別的日
志信息的開(kāi)關(guān).比如在這里定義了INFO級(jí)別,則應(yīng)用程序中所有DEBUG級(jí)別的日志信息
將不被打印出來(lái).appenderName就是指定日志信息輸出到哪個(gè)地方.您可以同時(shí)指定多個(gè)
輸出目的地.
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②配置日志信息輸出目的地Appender,其語(yǔ)法為
log4j.appender.appenderName = fully.qualified.name.of.appender.class
log4j.appender.appenderName.option1 = value1
log4j.appender.appenderName.option = valueN
其中,Log4j提供的appender有以下幾種:
org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender(控制臺(tái)),
org.apache.log4j.FileAppender(文件),
org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender(每天產(chǎn)生一個(gè)日志文件),
org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender(文件大小到達(dá)指定尺寸的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生一個(gè)新的文件),
org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender(將日志信息以流格式發(fā)送到任意指定的地方)
③配置日志信息的格式(布局),其語(yǔ)法為:
log4j.appender.appenderName.layout = fully.qualified.name.of.layout.class
log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.option1 = value1
log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.option = valueN
其中,Log4j提供的layout有以下幾種:
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org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout(以HTML表格形式布局),
org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout(可以靈活地指定布局模式),
org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout(包含日志信息的級(jí)別和信息字符串),
org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout(包含日志產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間,線程,類別等等信息)
④Log4J采用類似C語(yǔ)言中的printf函數(shù)的打印格式格式化日志信息,打印參數(shù)如下:
%m 輸出代碼中指定的消息
%p 輸出優(yōu)先級(jí),即DEBUG,INFO,WA R N,ERROR,FATAL
%r 輸出自應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)到輸出該log信息耗費(fèi)的毫秒數(shù)
%c 輸出所屬的類目,通常就是所在類的全名
%t 輸出產(chǎn)生該日志事件的線程名
%n 輸出一個(gè)回車換行符,Windows平臺(tái)為"\r\n",Unix平臺(tái)為"\n"
%d 輸出日志時(shí)間點(diǎn)的日期或時(shí)間,默認(rèn)格式為ISO8601,也可以在其后指定格式,
比如:%d{yyy MMM dd HH:mm:ss,SSS},輸出類似:2002年10月18日 22:10:28,921
%l 輸出日志事件的發(fā)生位置,包括類目名,發(fā)生的線程,以及在代碼中的行數(shù).
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對(duì)上面log4j.properties配置文件的一個(gè)應(yīng)用;
package log4j;
import org.apache.log4j.*;
// How to use log4j
public class TestLogging {
// Initialize a logging category. Here, we get THE ROOT CATEGORY
//static Category cat = Category.getRoot();
// Or, get a custom category
static Category cat = Category.getInstance(TestLogging.class.getName());
// From here on, log away! Methods are: cat.debug(your_message_string),
// cat.info(...), cat.warn(...), cat.error(...), cat.fatal(...)
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Try a few logging methods
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PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "log4j.properties" ) ;
cat.debug("Start of main()");
cat.info("Just testing a log message with priority set to INFO");
cat.warn("Just testing a log message with priority set to WARN");
cat.error("Just testing a log message with priority set to ERROR");
cat.fatal("Just testing a log message with priority set to FATAL");
// Alternate but INCONVENIENT form
cat.log(Priority.DEBUG, "Calling init()");
new TestLogging().init();
}
public void init() {
java.util.Properties prop = System.getProperties();
java.util.Enumeration enum = prop.propertyNames();
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cat.info("***System Environment As Seen By Java***");
cat.debug("***Format: PROPERTY = VALUE***");
while (enum.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = (String) enum.nextElement();
cat.info(key + " = " + System.getProperty(key));
}
}
}
xml格式的log4j配置文件概述
xml格式的log4j配置文件需要使用org.apache.log4j.html.DOMConfigurator.configure()方法來(lái)
讀入.對(duì)xml文件的語(yǔ)法定義可以在log4j的發(fā)布包中找到:org/apache/log4j/xml/log4j.dtd.
Xml的一個(gè)配置文件:sample1.xml
說(shuō)明:
①xml配置文件的頭部包括兩個(gè)部分:xml聲明和dtd聲明.頭部的格式如下:
②log4j:configuration (root element)
xmlns:log4j [#FIXED attribute]: 定義log4j的名字空間,取定值"http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"
appender [* child] : 一個(gè)appender子元素定義一個(gè)日志輸出目的地
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logger [* child] : 一個(gè)logger子元素定義一個(gè)日志寫出器
root [ child] : root子元素定義了root logger
源代碼:
package exampleslog4j.xml;
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.Category;
import java.net.*;
public class XMLSample {
static Category cat = Category.getInstance(XMLSample.class.getName());
public
static
void main(String argv[]) {
if(argv.length == 1)
init(argv[0]);
else
Usage("Wrong number of arguments.");
sample();
}
static
void Usage(String msg) {
System.err.println(msg);
System.err.println( "Usage: java " + XMLSample.class.getName() +
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"configFile");
System.exit(1);
}
static
void init(String configFile) {
DOMConfigurator.configure(configFile);
}
static
void sample() {
int i = -1;
Category root = Category.getRoot();
cat.debug("Message " + ++i);
cat.warn ("Message " + ++i);
cat.error("Message " + ++i);
Exception e = new Exception("Just testing");
cat.debug("Message " + ++i, e);
}
}
執(zhí)行后的效果:
2004-05-24 22:07:28,352 DEBUG [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:55) - Message 0
2004-05-24 22:07:28,352 WARN [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:56) - Message 1
24 22:07:28,362 ERROR [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:57) - Message 2
2004-05-24 22:07:28,362 DEBUG [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:59) - Message 3
java.lang.Exception: Just testing
at exampleslog4j.xml.XMLSample.sample(XMLSample.java:58)
at exampleslog4j.xml.XMLSample.main(XMLSample.java:36)
二,Log4J對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作:
其目的就是把日志信息寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以方便開(kāi)發(fā)人員和測(cè)試人員查詢.
下面是寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的配置文件:log4j.properties
log4j.appender.DATABASE=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender
log4j.appender.DATABASE.URL=jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.1:1521:siemen
log4j.appender.DATABASE.driver= oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
log4j.appender.DATABASE.user=system
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log4j.appender.DATABASE.password=css12345
log4j.appender.DATABASE.sql=INSERT INTO LOG4J (Message) VALUES ('[framework] %d
- %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n')
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t]
%-5p %c %x - %m%n
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A1.File=SampleMessages.log4j
log4j.appender.A1.DatePattern=yyyyMMdd-HH'.log4j'
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.xml.XMLLayout
對(duì)其應(yīng)用的源文件:
package database.servlet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
// import servlet packages
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
// import log4j packages
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
public class SetupServlet extends HttpServlet{
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException{
super.init(config);
// first thing to do, is to set up the Driver that we might be using
// in case of JDBCAppender so.bitsCN.com網(wǎng)管資料庫(kù)任你搜
try{
//Driver d =(Driver)(Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver").newInstance());
Driver d = (Driver)(Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance());
DriverManager.registerDriver(d);
//加載JDBC驅(qū)動(dòng)程序,當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備將日志記錄到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)候可以使用
}catch(Exception e){ System.err.println(e); }
// next load up the properties
//啟動(dòng)時(shí)從web.xml中獲得配置文件的信息
String props = config.getInitParameter("props");
if(props == null || props.length() == 0 ||
!(new File(props)).isFile()){
System.err.println(
"ERROR: Cannot read the configuration file. " +
"Please check the path of the config init param in web.xml"); bitsCN全力打造網(wǎng)管學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)
throw new ServletException();
}
}
public void destroy(){
super.destroy();
}
}
三,Log4J的封裝:
配置文件:log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, A2, A1
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A2.File=C:\develop\log\error.log
log4j.appender.A2.Append=true
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=10000KB
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
4 關(guān)于log4j的文章---粗略看了一遍，不錯(cuò)！
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p][%t] %d{yyyy-MM-dd
HH:mm:ss,SSS} message:%m%n
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#Pattern to output the caller's file name and line number.
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#log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n
# Print the date in ISO 8601 format
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p - %m%n
EncapsulationLog4J.java //Log4j的實(shí)現(xiàn)類
package com.cn.lx;
/**
*
Title:
*
Description:
*
Copyright: Copyright © 2004 lixiang
*
Company:http://www.css.com.cn/
* @author lixiang
* @version 1.0
*/
import org.apache.log4j.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
/**
* @author Administrator
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class EncapsulationLog4J
{
public static final String PROFILE = "log4j.properties";
/**
* Holds singleton instance
*/
private static EncapsulationLog4J impl;
static
{
impl = new EncapsulationLog4J();
}
private Logger log4j;
/**
* prevents instantiation
*/
private EncapsulationLog4J()
{
log4j = LogManager.getLogger(EncapsulationLog4J.class);
try
{
Properties pro = new Properties();
InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream(PROFILE);
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pro.load(is);
PropertyConfigurator.configure(pro);
}
catch(IOException e)
{
BasicConfigurator.configure();
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void log(String level,Object msg)
{
log(level,msg,null);
}
public void log(String level,Throwable e)
{
log(level,null,e);
}
public void log(String level,Object msg,java.lang.Throwable e)
{
if(log4j != null)
{
log4j.log((Priority)Level.toLevel(level),msg,e);
}
}
/**
* Singleton Pattern
*/
static public EncapsulationLog4J getInstance()
{
return impl;
}
}
Log.java //記錄Log使用類
package com.cn.lx;
/**
*
Title:
*
Description:
*
Copyright: Copyright © 2004 lixiang
*
Company: http://www.css.com.cn/
* @author lixiang
* @version 1.0
*/
public class Log
{
private static EncapsulationLog4J log = EncapsulationLog4J.getInstance();
/**
*
*/
public Log()
{
//super();
}
public static void logError(String msg)
{
log.log("ERROR",msg);
}
public static void logError(Throwable e)
{ play.bitsCN.com累了嗎玩一下吧
log.log("ERROR",null,e);
}
public static void logWarn(String msg)
{
log.log("WARN",msg);
}
public static void logWarn(Throwable e)
{
log.log("WARN",null,e);
}
public static void logInfo(String msg)
{
log.log("INFO",msg);
}
public static void logInfo(Throwable e)
{
log.log("INFO",null,e);
}
public static void logDebug(String msg)
{
log.log("DEBUG",msg);
}
public static void logDebug(Throwable e)
{
log.log("DEBUG",null,e);
}
}
TestLog.java //調(diào)用Log類
package com.cn.lx; bitsCN.com中國(guó)網(wǎng)管聯(lián)盟
public class TestLog{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Log test = new Log();
test.logDebug("DEBUG");
test.logInfo("INFO");
test.logWarn("WARN");
test.logError("ERROR");
try
{
int i = Integer.parseInt("lixiang");
}catch(Exception e)
{
test.logDebug(e.toString());
test.logInfo(e.toString());
test.logWarn(e.toString());
test.logError(e.toString());
}
}
}
執(zhí)行后的日志信息:
2004-05-26 21:16:16,474 [main] DEBUG - DEBUG
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] INFO - INFO
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] WARN - WARN
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] ERROR - ERROR
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2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] DEBUG - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:
"lixiang"
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] INFO - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:
"lixiang"
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] WARN - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:
"lixiang"
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] ERROR - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:
"lixiang"
注:使用此方法封裝Log4j的操作,可以使記錄日志變得更方便.唯一不足的是無(wú)法返回當(dāng)
前類的相關(guān)信息.
最后說(shuō)明:
關(guān)于對(duì)日志進(jìn)行處理的技術(shù)有好多,如JDK 1.4 logging,Avalon LogKit,Jakarta 的Log4J
,Jakarta的Commons-Logging等.做的最好的是Commons-Logging.下面對(duì)其做一介紹:
The Jakarta Commons Logging (JCL) provides a Log interface that is bbs.bitsCN.com國(guó)內(nèi)最早的網(wǎng)管論壇
intended to be both light-weight and independent of numerous logging
toolkits. It provides the middleware/tooling developer with a simple logging
abstraction, that allows the user (application developer) to plug in a specific
logging implementation.
The Jakarta Commons Logging provides a Log interface with
thin-wrapper implementations for other logging tools, including
Log4J , Avalon LogKit , the Avalon Framework's logging
infrastructure, JDK 1.4, and an implementation of JDK 1.4 logging
APIs (JSR-47) for pre-1.4 systems. The interface maps closely to dl.bitsCN.com網(wǎng)管軟件下載
Log4J and LogKit. bitsCN全力打