簡單討論JVM的class加載機制,給出兩個反射的例子代碼并分析工作原理,并給出了sun的動態代理實現原理——代碼生成
JavaVM,反射與動態代理
Java程序的工作機制:Java對象都以單獨的class文件存在,java虛擬機將其載入并執行其虛擬機指令。
Java虛擬機查找這些java對象:
java虛擬機根據class path來查找java對象,而虛擬機的class path又分為三層:
bootstrap:sun.boot.class.path
extension: java.ext.dirs
application: java.class.path
三個class path各有對應的classloader。由上而下形成父子關系
當程序中調用new指令,或者ClassLoader.load方法時。其順序如下:
1. 首先查看application的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
2. 首先查看extension的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
3. 首先查看bootstrap的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
4. 由bootstrap的classloader在其class path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,接下一步。
5. 由extension的classloader在其class path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,接下一步。
6. 由application的classloader在其class path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,則拋出ClassNotFound的exception。
Java虛擬機加載這些java對象:
每個java虛擬機都在其啟動時產生一個唯一的class heap,并把所有的class instance都分配在其中。其中每個類實例的信息又分兩部分,fields域和methods域。每個類實例各自擁有fields,但同一個類的不同實例共享methods
反射
JVM對反射的處理
簡單例子代碼:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.io.IOException;
public class public static void main(String[] args){ TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1"); try { Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ; t1Talk.invoke(t1, null); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } try { System.in.read(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } } } |
復雜例子代碼:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.io.IOException;
public class public static void main(String[] args){ TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1"); TempImpl t2 = new TempImpl("temp2"); Temp2 temp2 = new Temp2(); try { Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ; Method t2Talk = t2.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ; t1Talk.invoke(t2, null); t2Talk.invoke(t1, null); if(t1Talk.equals(t2Talk)){ System.out.println("equals"); } else{ System.out.println("not equals"); } if(t1Talk==t2Talk){ System.out.println("ref equals"); } else{ System.out.println("ref not equals"); } t2Talk.invoke(temp2, null); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } try { System.in.read(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } } } |
分析:java虛擬機把每個methods當作一個執行單元。該執行單元帶有兩種簽名:類簽名和屬性簽名(public,static等)。 反射的第一步,驗證簽名的合法性。驗證通過后,順序執行該method中的指令,當需要訪問類實例的fields和傳入參數時,由虛擬機注入。
動態代理
Sun對動態代理的說明:
一個簡單例子代碼:
動態代理的內部實現——代碼生成:
研究JDK源代碼,發現在Proxy的sun實現中調用了sun.misc.ProxyGenerator類的generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces)方法,其返回值為byte[]和class文件的內存類型一致。于是做如下試驗:
public class ProxyClassFile{ public static void main(String[] args){ String proxyName = "TempProxy"; TempImpl t = new TempImpl("proxy"); Class[] interfaces =t.getClass().getInterfaces();
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces); File f = new File("classes/TempProxy.class"); try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f); fos.write(proxyClassFile); fos.flush(); fos.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates. } } } |
運行該類,到class文件夾下,利用反編譯技術,發現原來其采用了代碼生產技術:
public interface Temp{ public void Talk(); public void Run(); } |
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public final class TempProxy extends Proxy implements Temp{
private static Method m4; private static Method m2; private static Method m0; private static Method m3; private static Method m1;
public TempProxy(InvocationHandler invocationhandler) { super(invocationhandler); }
public final void Run() { try { h.invoke(this, m4, null); return; } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } }
public final String toString(){ try{ return (String)h.invoke(this, m2, null); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } return ""; }
public final int hashCode() { try { return ((Integer)h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue(); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable){ throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } return 123; }
public final void Talk(){ try{ h.invoke(this, m3, null); return; } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } }
public final boolean equals(Object obj) { try { return ((Boolean)h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { obj })).booleanValue(); } catch(Error _ex) { } catch(Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } return false; }
static{ try{ m4 = Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Run", new Class[0]); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]); m3 = Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]); m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") }); } catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage()); } catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage()); } } } |
from: http://www.cnblogs.com/fengye/archive/2007/02/18/652389.html